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Added details of Ning Zong (Chinese emperor |
Added details Mael Muire O Connaig (Irish bishop |
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* [[Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon|Judah ben Isaac Messer]], French Jewish [[rabbi]] (b. [[1166]]) |
* [[Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon|Judah ben Isaac Messer]], French Jewish [[rabbi]] (b. [[1166]]) |
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* [[Liu Songnian]], Chinese [[Chinese painting|landscape painter]] (b. [[1174]]) |
* [[Liu Songnian]], Chinese [[Chinese painting|landscape painter]] (b. [[1174]]) |
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* [[Máel Muire Ó Connaig]], Irish bishop of [[Kilmacduagh]] |
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* [[William de Mowbray]], English nobleman and knight |
* [[William de Mowbray]], English nobleman and knight |
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* [[Xia Gui]] (or '''Hsia Kui'''), Chinese landscape painter |
* [[Xia Gui]] (or '''Hsia Kui'''), Chinese landscape painter |
Revision as of 11:10, 12 October 2021
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1224 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1224 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1224 MCCXXIV |
Ab urbe condita | 1977 |
Armenian calendar | 673 ԹՎ ՈՀԳ |
Assyrian calendar | 5974 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1145–1146 |
Bengali calendar | 631 |
Berber calendar | 2174 |
English Regnal year | 8 Hen. 3 – 9 Hen. 3 |
Buddhist calendar | 1768 |
Burmese calendar | 586 |
Byzantine calendar | 6732–6733 |
Chinese calendar | 癸未年 (Water Goat) 3921 or 3714 — to — 甲申年 (Wood Monkey) 3922 or 3715 |
Coptic calendar | 940–941 |
Discordian calendar | 2390 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1216–1217 |
Hebrew calendar | 4984–4985 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1280–1281 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1145–1146 |
- Kali Yuga | 4324–4325 |
Holocene calendar | 11224 |
Igbo calendar | 224–225 |
Iranian calendar | 602–603 |
Islamic calendar | 620–621 |
Japanese calendar | Jōō 3 / Gennin 1 (元仁元年) |
Javanese calendar | 1132–1133 |
Julian calendar | 1224 MCCXXIV |
Korean calendar | 3557 |
Minguo calendar | 688 before ROC 民前688年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −244 |
Thai solar calendar | 1766–1767 |
Tibetan calendar | 阴水羊年 (female Water-Goat) 1350 or 969 or 197 — to — 阳木猴年 (male Wood-Monkey) 1351 or 970 or 198 |
Year 1224 (MCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Spring – Battle of Poimanenon: Byzantine forces under Emperor John III (Doukas Vatatzes), ruler of Nicaea, defeat the Latin army under the brothers Alexios Laskaris and Isaac Laskaris. They begin a revolt and decide to aid the request of Emperor Robert I of Courtenay. The two armies meet at Poimanenon, south of Cyzicus in Mysia, near Lake Kuş (Bird Lake). In the ensuing battle, John III achieves a decisive victory; among the captives taken are the two Laskaris brothers, who are blinded. The victory opens the way for the recovery by the Byzantines of most of the Latin possessions in Asia Minor.[1]
- December – Theodore Komnenos (Doukas), ruler of the Despotate of Epirus, captures Thessaloniki – beginning the de facto Byzantine Empire of Thessalonica. Later, Theodore Komnenos has crowned Byzantine emperor but is not recognized as such by the rest of the Greek or Latin population.
Europe
- February – King Ferdinand III (the Saint) announces his intention to resume the Reconquista against the realm of the Almohad Caliphate.[2] Caliph Yusuf II al-Mustansir dies and is succeeded by Abu Muhammad al-Wahid, but in Al-Andalus, two competing pretenders also claim their rights to the throne: Abu Muhammad Ibn al-Mansur al-Adil in Seville and Abu Muhammad abu Abdallah al-Bayyasi in Córdoba. The chronic political instability on the Almohad site allows Ferdinand to begin his campaign victoriously in October, with the capture of Quesada in Spain.
- May 5 – King Louis VIII (the Lion) declares war on King Henry III of England. He allies himself with Hugh X of Lusignan and invades first Poitou and then Northern Gascony. The English forces in Poitou are under-strength and lack support from the Poitevin nobles; as a result, the province quickly falls into French hands by the end of June.[3]
- September – Abdallah al-Adil (the Just), governor in Al-Andalus, challenges the Almohad throne and captures Seville. He marches to Marrakesh to confront Abu Muhammad al-Wahid. Abdallah seizes the royal palace and deposes Muhammad al-Wahid, who is murdered by strangulation.
- Livonian Crusade: The Livonian Brothers of the Sword defeat the Estonians and reconquer the captured strongholds on the Estonian mainland. With the surrender of the Tartu stronghold, only the islands of Saaremaa and Muhu remain under Estonian control.
Asia
- Spring – The Mongol army led by Subutai and Jochi cross the steppes of modern Kazakhstan, and returns to the horde of Genghis Khan on the Irtysh River. At a great kurultai or gathering of chiefs, Subutai reports on the Western campaign. Jochi submits to Genghis and his supposed 'insubordination' (see 1220) is forgiven. As a result of the Mongol invasion in 1219–1223, Kazakhstan and Central Asia become part of the Mongol Empire.[4]
- September 17 – Emperor Ning Zong of the Chinese Song Dynasty dies (possibly poisened) after a 30-year reign, at Hangzhou. He is succeeded by his relative, Li Zong, as all of Ning Zong's children have died.
By topic
Education
- June 5 – The University of Naples is founded by Emperor Frederick II. Frederick's main purpose is to create an institution of higher learning that will put an end to the predominance of the universities of northern Italy, most notably these of Bologna and Padua, which are considered either too independent or under the strong influence of Pope Honorius III.
Religion
- September 14 – Francis of Assisi, while praying on the mountain of La Verna during a 40-day fast, has a vision, as a result of which he receives the stigmata. Brother Leo, who is with Francis at the time, leaves a clear and simple account of this event, the first definite account of the phenomenon of stigmata.[5]
Births
Deaths
- March 24 – Conrad III, German cleric and bishop (b. 1165)
- April 14 – Matilda of Dendermonde, Flemish noblewoman
- April 30 – Bernard II, German nobleman and knight (b. 1140)
- July 1 – Hōjō Yoshitoki, Japanese regent (shikken) (b. 1163)
- July 24 – Christina the Astonishing, Flemish saint (b. 1150)
- August 15 – Marie of France, duchess of Brabant (b. 1198)
- September 17 – Ning Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 1168)
- Abu Muhammad al-Wahid, ruler of the Almohad Caliphate
- Cathal Crobdearg Ua Conchobair, king of Connacht (b. 1153)
- Durand of Huesca, Spanish monk and theologian (b. 1160)
- Judah ben Isaac Messer, French Jewish rabbi (b. 1166)
- Liu Songnian, Chinese landscape painter (b. 1174)
- Máel Muire Ó Connaig, Irish bishop of Kilmacduagh
- William de Mowbray, English nobleman and knight
- Xia Gui (or Hsia Kui), Chinese landscape painter
- Yusuf II al-Mustansir, ruler of the Almohad Caliphate
References
- ^ Van Tricht, Filip (2011). The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228), p. 384. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-20323-5.
- ^ Linehan, Peter (1999). "Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre". In Abulafia, David (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198-c.1300. Cambridge University Press. pp. 668–699 [672]. ISBN 0-521-36289-X.
- ^ Carpenter, David (1996). The Reign of Henry III, pp. 374–375. London, UK: Hambledon Press. ISBN 1-85285-137-6.
- ^ David Nicolle & Viacheslav Shpakovsky (2001). Osprey: Kalka River 1223 - Genghiz Khan's Mongols invade Russia, p. 83. ISBN 1-84176-233-4.
- ^ Robinson, Paschal (1909). "St. Francis of Assisi". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. VI. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved January 21, 2008.