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[[File:Valdemar den Store.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|King [[Valdemar I of Denmark|Valdemar I]] (1131–1182)]] |
[[File:Valdemar den Store.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|King [[Valdemar I of Denmark|Valdemar I]] (1131–1182)]] |
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Year '''1168''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
Year '''1168''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]], the 1168th year of the [[Common Era]] (CE) and [[Anno Domini]] (AD) designations, the 168th year of the [[2nd|2nd millennium]], the 68th year of the [[12th|12th century]], and the 9th year of the [[1160s]] decade. |
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* [[September 20]] – Antipope [[Antipope Paschal III|Paschal III]] dies at [[Rome]] after a 4-year reign. Giovanni di Struma is elected as his successor and will reign as Antipope [[Antipope Callixtus III|Callixtus III]] with support from Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]]. |
* [[September 20]] – Antipope [[Antipope Paschal III|Paschal III]] dies at [[Rome]] after a 4-year reign. Giovanni di Struma is elected as his successor and will reign as Antipope [[Antipope Callixtus III|Callixtus III]] with support from Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]]. |
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== Births == |
== Births == |
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* [[April 22]] – Abubakar ibn Gussom, Arab poet (d. [[1242]]) |
* [[April 22]] – Abubakar ibn Gussom, Arab poet (d. [[1242]]) |
Revision as of 16:56, 23 July 2022
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1168 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1168 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1168 MCLXVIII |
Ab urbe condita | 1921 |
Armenian calendar | 617 ԹՎ ՈԺԷ |
Assyrian calendar | 5918 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1089–1090 |
Bengali calendar | 575 |
Berber calendar | 2118 |
English Regnal year | 14 Hen. 2 – 15 Hen. 2 |
Buddhist calendar | 1712 |
Burmese calendar | 530 |
Byzantine calendar | 6676–6677 |
Chinese calendar | 丁亥年 (Fire Pig) 3865 or 3658 — to — 戊子年 (Earth Rat) 3866 or 3659 |
Coptic calendar | 884–885 |
Discordian calendar | 2334 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1160–1161 |
Hebrew calendar | 4928–4929 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1224–1225 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1089–1090 |
- Kali Yuga | 4268–4269 |
Holocene calendar | 11168 |
Igbo calendar | 168–169 |
Iranian calendar | 546–547 |
Islamic calendar | 563–564 |
Japanese calendar | Nin'an 3 (仁安3年) |
Javanese calendar | 1075–1076 |
Julian calendar | 1168 MCLXVIII |
Korean calendar | 3501 |
Minguo calendar | 744 before ROC 民前744年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −300 |
Seleucid era | 1479/1480 AG |
Thai solar calendar | 1710–1711 |
Tibetan calendar | 阴火猪年 (female Fire-Pig) 1294 or 913 or 141 — to — 阳土鼠年 (male Earth-Rat) 1295 or 914 or 142 |
Year 1168 (MCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1168th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 168th year of the 2nd millennium, the 68th year of the 12th century, and the 9th year of the 1160s decade.
Events
By place
Levant
- Summer – King Amalric I of Jerusalem, and Byzantine emperor Manuel I (Komnenos), negotiate an alliance against Fatimid-Egypt. Archbishop William of Tyre is among the ambassadors sent to Constantinople, to finalize the treaty.
- Autumn – William IV, count of Nevers, arrives in Palestine with a contingent of elite knights. In Jerusalem he is present during a council with Amalric and other nobles to decide for an expedition to Egypt.
- October 20 – Amalric I invades Egypt again from Ascalon, sacking Bilbeis and threatening Cairo. In November, a Crusader fleet sails up the Nile and arrives in Lake Manzala, sacking the town of Tanis.[1]
- Nur al-Din, Zangid ruler (atabeg) of Aleppo, sends an expedition under General Shirkuh to Egypt on request of the Fatimid caliph Al-Adid. He offers him a third of the land, and fiefs for his generals.[2]
Egypt
- December 22 – Afraid that the Egyptian capital Fustat (modern-day Old Cairo) will be captured by Crusader forces, its Fatimid vizier, Shawar, orders the city set afire. The capital burns for 54 days.
Europe
- March 27 – Patrick of Salisbury, Angevin governor of Poitou, is killed in an ambush at Poitiers by French forces under Guy of Lusignan. He is escorting Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine on a journey near the border of Aquitaine. Patrick's nephew, William Marshal, is part of the royal escort and is taken prisoner. Later he is ransomed and becomes a member of Eleanor's household.[3]
- King Valdemar I (the Great) of Denmark conquers the Wendish capital city of Arkona on the island of Rügen (modern Germany). The Wends become Christians and subject to Danish suzerainty.
- Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, marries the 12-year-old Matilda (or Maud), daughter of King Henry II of England.[4]
- The newly born Commune of Rome conquers and destroys the rival neighboring city of Albano (modern Italy).[5]
- Stephen du Perche, Sicilian chancellor, is accused of plotting to claim the throne and is forced to flee.
Asia
- April 9 – Emperor Rokujō is deposed by his grandfather, retired-Emperor Go-Shirakawa, after an 8-month reign. He is succeeded by his 6-year-old uncle, Takakura, as the 80th emperor of Japan.
- Yuanqu County (known as Wanting County) in China is destroyed by a flood of the Yellow River.
By topic
Religion
- September 20 – Antipope Paschal III dies at Rome after a 4-year reign. Giovanni di Struma is elected as his successor and will reign as Antipope Callixtus III with support from Emperor Frederick I.
Births
- April 22 – Abubakar ibn Gussom, Arab poet (d. 1242)
- August 31 – Zhang Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1208)
- November 19 – Ning Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1224)
- Ibn Muti al-Zawawi, Arab jurist and philologian (d. 1231)
- Robert of Braybrooke, English High Sheriff (d. 1210)
- Robert of Courtenay, French nobleman and knight (d. 1239)
- Temüge (or Otgon), brother of Genghis Khan (d. 1246)
- William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby (approximate date)
Deaths
- January 17 – Thierry of Alsace, count of Flanders (b. 1099)
- March 27 – Patrick of Salisbury, Norman nobleman (b. 1122)
- April 5 – Robert de Beaumont, English nobleman (b. 1104)
- September 20 – Paschal III, antipope of Rome (b. 1110)
- October 24 – William IV, count of Auxerre and Nevers
- November 5 – Hugh IX (Lusignan), French nobleman
- Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi, Persian scholar (b. 1097)
- Bermudo Pérez de Traba, Spanish nobleman (b. 1088)
- Conrad of Babenberg, archbishop of Salzburg (b. 1115)
- Wivina, French Benedictine abbess and saint (b. 1103)
References
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 309–310. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 311. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
- ^ Asbridge, Thomas (2015). The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, Power Behind Five English Thrones, p. 87. London: Simon & Schuster.
- ^ Hywell Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 126. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Vigueur, Jean-Claude Maire (2010). L'autre Rome: Une histoire des Romains à l'époque communale (XIIe-XIVe siècle). Paris: Tallandier. p. 314.