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{{Year nav|1168}} |
{{Year nav|1168}} |
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{{C12 year in topic}} |
{{C12 year in topic}} |
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[[File:Valdemar den Store.jpg| |
[[File:Valdemar den Store.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|King [[Valdemar I of Denmark|Valdemar I]] (1131–1182)]] |
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Year '''1168''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
Year '''1168''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
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==== Levant ==== |
==== Levant ==== |
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* Summer – King [[Amalric of Jerusalem|Amalric I]] of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] and Byzantine emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos|Manuel I]] ('''Komnenos'''), negotiate an alliance against Fatimid-[[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]]. Archbishop [[William of Tyre]] is among the ambassadors sent to [[Constantinople]], to finalize the treaty. |
* Summer – King [[Amalric of Jerusalem|Amalric I]] of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]], and Byzantine emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos|Manuel I]] ('''Komnenos'''), negotiate an alliance against Fatimid-[[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]]. Archbishop [[William of Tyre]] is among the ambassadors sent to [[Constantinople]], to finalize the treaty. |
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* Autumn – [[William IV, Count of Nevers|William IV]], count of [[County of Nevers|Nevers]], arrives in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] with a contingent of elite knights. In Jerusalem he is present during a council with Amalric and other nobles to decide |
* Autumn – [[William IV, Count of Nevers|William IV]], count of [[County of Nevers|Nevers]], arrives in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] with a contingent of elite knights. In Jerusalem he is present during a council with Amalric and other nobles to decide on an expedition to Egypt. |
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* [[October 20]] – Amalric I invades Egypt again from [[ |
* [[October 20]] – Amalric I invades Egypt again from [[Ascalon]], sacking [[Bilbeis]] and threatening Cairo. In November, a Crusader fleet sails up the [[Nile]] and arrives in [[Lake Manzala]], sacking the town of [[Tanis]].<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 309–310. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref> |
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* [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur al-Din]], Zangid ruler (''[[atabeg]]'') of [[Aleppo]], sends an expedition under General [[Shirkuh]] to Egypt on request of the Fatimid caliph [[Al-Adid]]. He offers him a third of the land, and fiefs for his generals.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 311. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref> |
* [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur al-Din]], Zangid ruler (''[[atabeg]]'') of [[Aleppo]], sends an expedition under General [[Shirkuh]] to Egypt on request of the Fatimid caliph [[Al-Adid]]. He offers him a third of the land, and fiefs for his generals.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 311. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref> |
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==== Europe ==== |
==== Europe ==== |
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* [[March 27]] – [[Patrick, 1st Earl of Salisbury|Patrick of Salisbury]], Angevin governor of [[Poitou]], is killed in an ambush at [[Poitiers]] by French forces under [[Guy of Lusignan]]. He is escorting Queen [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] on a journey near the border of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]]. Patrick's nephew, [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke|William Marshal]], is part of the royal escort and is taken prisoner. Later he is ransomed and becomes a member of Eleanor's household.<ref>Asbridge, Thomas (2015). ''The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, Power Behind Five English Thrones'', p. 87. London: Simon & Schuster.</ref> |
* [[March 27]] – [[Patrick, 1st Earl of Salisbury|Patrick of Salisbury]], Angevin governor of [[Poitou]], is killed in an ambush at [[Poitiers]] by French forces under [[Guy of Lusignan]]. He is escorting Queen [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] on a journey near the border of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]]. Patrick's nephew, [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke|William Marshal]], is part of the royal escort and is taken prisoner. Later he is ransomed and becomes a member of Eleanor's household.<ref>Asbridge, Thomas (2015). ''The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, Power Behind Five English Thrones'', p. 87. London: Simon & Schuster.</ref> |
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* King [[Valdemar I of Denmark|Valdemar I]] ('''the Great''') of [[Denmark]] conquers the Wendish capital |
* King [[Valdemar I of Denmark|Valdemar I]] ('''the Great''') of [[Denmark]] [[Siege of Arkona|conquers the Wendish capital at Arkona]] on the island of [[Rügen]] (modern [[Germany]]). The [[Wends]] become Christians and subject to Danish suzerainty. |
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* [[Henry the Lion]], duke of [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]], marries the 12-year-old [[Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony|Matilda]] (or '''Maud'''), daughter of King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] of [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref>Hywell Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 126. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref> |
* [[Henry the Lion]], duke of [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]], marries the 12-year-old [[Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony|Matilda]] (or '''Maud'''), daughter of King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] of [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref>Hywell Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 126. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref> |
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* The newly born [[Commune of Rome]] conquers and destroys the rival neighboring city of [[Albano Laziale|Albano]] (modern [[Italy]]).<ref>{{cite book|first=Jean-Claude Maire|last=Vigueur|year=2010|title=L'autre Rome: Une histoire des Romains à l'époque communale (XIIe-XIVe siècle)|location=Paris|publisher=Tallandier|page=314}}</ref> |
* The newly born [[Commune of Rome]] conquers and destroys the rival neighboring city of [[Albano Laziale|Albano]] (modern [[Italy]]).<ref>{{cite book|first=Jean-Claude Maire|last=Vigueur|year=2010|title=L'autre Rome: Une histoire des Romains à l'époque communale (XIIe-XIVe siècle)|location=Paris|publisher=Tallandier|page=314}}</ref> |
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==== Religion ==== |
==== Religion ==== |
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* [[September 20]] – Antipope [[Antipope Paschal III|Paschal III]] dies at [[Rome]] after a 4-year reign. Giovanni di Struma is elected as his successor and will reign as Antipope [[Antipope Callixtus III|Callixtus III]] with support from Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]]. |
* [[September 20]] – Antipope [[Antipope Paschal III|Paschal III]] dies at [[Rome]] after a 4-year reign. Giovanni di Struma is elected as his successor and will reign as Antipope [[Antipope Callixtus III|Callixtus III]] with support from Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]]. |
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</onlyinclude> |
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== Births == |
== Births == |
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* [[April 22]] – Abubakar ibn Gussom, Arab poet (d. [[1242]]) |
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* [[August 31]] – [[Emperor Zhangzong of Jin|Zhang Zong]], Chinese emperor (d. [[1208]]) |
* [[August 31]] – [[Emperor Zhangzong of Jin|Zhang Zong]], Chinese emperor (d. [[1208]]) |
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* [[November 19]] – [[Emperor Ningzong|Ning Zong]], Chinese emperor (d. [[1224]]) |
* [[November 19]] – [[Emperor Ningzong|Ning Zong]], Chinese emperor (d. [[1224]]) |
Latest revision as of 16:09, 29 July 2023
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1168 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1168 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1168 MCLXVIII |
Ab urbe condita | 1921 |
Armenian calendar | 617 ԹՎ ՈԺԷ |
Assyrian calendar | 5918 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1089–1090 |
Bengali calendar | 575 |
Berber calendar | 2118 |
English Regnal year | 14 Hen. 2 – 15 Hen. 2 |
Buddhist calendar | 1712 |
Burmese calendar | 530 |
Byzantine calendar | 6676–6677 |
Chinese calendar | 丁亥年 (Fire Pig) 3865 or 3658 — to — 戊子年 (Earth Rat) 3866 or 3659 |
Coptic calendar | 884–885 |
Discordian calendar | 2334 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1160–1161 |
Hebrew calendar | 4928–4929 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1224–1225 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1089–1090 |
- Kali Yuga | 4268–4269 |
Holocene calendar | 11168 |
Igbo calendar | 168–169 |
Iranian calendar | 546–547 |
Islamic calendar | 563–564 |
Japanese calendar | Nin'an 3 (仁安3年) |
Javanese calendar | 1075–1076 |
Julian calendar | 1168 MCLXVIII |
Korean calendar | 3501 |
Minguo calendar | 744 before ROC 民前744年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −300 |
Seleucid era | 1479/1480 AG |
Thai solar calendar | 1710–1711 |
Tibetan calendar | 阴火猪年 (female Fire-Pig) 1294 or 913 or 141 — to — 阳土鼠年 (male Earth-Rat) 1295 or 914 or 142 |
Year 1168 (MCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Levant
- Summer – King Amalric I of Jerusalem, and Byzantine emperor Manuel I (Komnenos), negotiate an alliance against Fatimid-Egypt. Archbishop William of Tyre is among the ambassadors sent to Constantinople, to finalize the treaty.
- Autumn – William IV, count of Nevers, arrives in Palestine with a contingent of elite knights. In Jerusalem he is present during a council with Amalric and other nobles to decide on an expedition to Egypt.
- October 20 – Amalric I invades Egypt again from Ascalon, sacking Bilbeis and threatening Cairo. In November, a Crusader fleet sails up the Nile and arrives in Lake Manzala, sacking the town of Tanis.[1]
- Nur al-Din, Zangid ruler (atabeg) of Aleppo, sends an expedition under General Shirkuh to Egypt on request of the Fatimid caliph Al-Adid. He offers him a third of the land, and fiefs for his generals.[2]
Egypt
- December 22 – Afraid that the Egyptian capital Fustat (modern-day Old Cairo) will be captured by Crusader forces, its Fatimid vizier, Shawar, orders the city set afire. The capital burns for 54 days.
Europe
- March 27 – Patrick of Salisbury, Angevin governor of Poitou, is killed in an ambush at Poitiers by French forces under Guy of Lusignan. He is escorting Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine on a journey near the border of Aquitaine. Patrick's nephew, William Marshal, is part of the royal escort and is taken prisoner. Later he is ransomed and becomes a member of Eleanor's household.[3]
- King Valdemar I (the Great) of Denmark conquers the Wendish capital at Arkona on the island of Rügen (modern Germany). The Wends become Christians and subject to Danish suzerainty.
- Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, marries the 12-year-old Matilda (or Maud), daughter of King Henry II of England.[4]
- The newly born Commune of Rome conquers and destroys the rival neighboring city of Albano (modern Italy).[5]
- Stephen du Perche, Sicilian chancellor, is accused of plotting to claim the throne and is forced to flee.
Asia
- April 9 – Emperor Rokujō is deposed by his grandfather, retired-Emperor Go-Shirakawa, after an 8-month reign. He is succeeded by his 6-year-old uncle, Takakura, as the 80th emperor of Japan.
- Yuanqu County (known as Wanting County) in China is destroyed by a flood of the Yellow River.
By topic
Religion
- September 20 – Antipope Paschal III dies at Rome after a 4-year reign. Giovanni di Struma is elected as his successor and will reign as Antipope Callixtus III with support from Emperor Frederick I.
Births
- April 22 – Abubakar ibn Gussom, Arab poet (d. 1242)
- August 31 – Zhang Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1208)
- November 19 – Ning Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1224)
- Ibn Muti al-Zawawi, Arab jurist and philologian (d. 1231)
- Robert of Braybrooke, English High Sheriff (d. 1210)
- Robert of Courtenay, French nobleman and knight (d. 1239)
- Temüge (or Otgon), brother of Genghis Khan (d. 1246)
- William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby (approximate date)
Deaths
- January 17 – Thierry of Alsace, count of Flanders (b. 1099)
- March 27 – Patrick of Salisbury, Norman nobleman (b. 1122)
- April 5 – Robert de Beaumont, English nobleman (b. 1104)
- September 20 – Paschal III, antipope of Rome (b. 1110)
- October 24 – William IV, count of Auxerre and Nevers
- November 5 – Hugh IX (Lusignan), French nobleman
- Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi, Persian scholar (b. 1097)
- Bermudo Pérez de Traba, Spanish nobleman (b. 1088)
- Conrad of Babenberg, archbishop of Salzburg (b. 1115)
- Wivina, French Benedictine abbess and saint (b. 1103)
References
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 309–310. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 311. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
- ^ Asbridge, Thomas (2015). The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, Power Behind Five English Thrones, p. 87. London: Simon & Schuster.
- ^ Hywell Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 126. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Vigueur, Jean-Claude Maire (2010). L'autre Rome: Une histoire des Romains à l'époque communale (XIIe-XIVe siècle). Paris: Tallandier. p. 314.