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{{Year dab|1031}} |
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{{Year nav|1031}} |
{{Year nav|1031}} |
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{{C11 year in topic}}Year '''1031''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
{{C11 year in topic}} |
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[[File:Califato de Córdoba - 1000-en.svg|{{Largethumb}}|right|The [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] (green) ends.]] |
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Year '''1031''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
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== Events == |
== Events == |
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* The [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] collapses after years of infighting, the caliphate fractures into a number of independent Muslim ''[[taifa]]'' (kingdoms). The last [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] ruler, Caliph [[Hisham III of Córdoba|Hisham III]], tries to consolidate the caliphate. But his raising of taxes (to pay for [[mosques]]) leads to heavy opposition. Hisham is imprisoned by his rivals.<ref>Chejne, Anwar G. (1974). ''Muslim Spain: Its History and Culture'', pp. 43–49. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press. {{ISBN|0816606889}}.</ref> |
* The [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] collapses after years of infighting, the caliphate fractures into a number of independent Muslim ''[[taifa]]'' (kingdoms). The last [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] ruler, Caliph [[Hisham III of Córdoba|Hisham III]], tries to consolidate the caliphate. But his raising of taxes (to pay for [[mosques]]) leads to heavy opposition. Hisham is imprisoned by his rivals.<ref>Chejne, Anwar G. (1974). ''Muslim Spain: Its History and Culture'', pp. 43–49. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press. {{ISBN|0816606889}}.</ref> |
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* King [[Mieszko II Lambert|Mieszko II]] is forced to escape [[Greater Poland|Poland]] after an attack of Grand Prince [[Yaroslav the Wise|Yaroslav I]] ('''the Wise''') of [[Kiev]], who installs Mieszko's half-brother [[Bezprym]] onto the Polish throne. |
* King [[Mieszko II Lambert|Mieszko II]] is forced to escape [[Greater Poland|Poland]] after an attack of Grand Prince [[Yaroslav the Wise|Yaroslav I]] ('''the Wise''') of [[Kiev]], who installs Mieszko's half-brother [[Bezprym]] onto the Polish throne. |
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* |
* France suffers from a [[famine]] (until [[1033]]).<ref>Moriceau, Jean-Marc (2011) ''L'Homme contre le loup. Une guerre de deux mille ans'', Paris, Fayard.</ref> |
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==== Middle East ==== |
==== Middle East ==== |
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* The Byzantine general [[George Maniakes]] captures [[Edessa, Mesopotamia|Edessa]] from the [[Arab Muslims]] and stabilizes the eastern frontier. |
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== Births == |
== Births == |
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== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
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* [[July 20]] – [[Robert II of France|Robert II]] ('''the Pious'''), king of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (b. [[972]]) |
* [[July 20]] – [[Robert II of France|Robert II]] ('''the Pious'''), king of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (b. [[972]]) |
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* [[September 2]] – [[Saint Emeric of Hungary]] |
* [[September 2]] – [[Saint Emeric of Hungary|Emeric]], Hungarian prince and co-heir |
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* [[Gang Gam-chan]], Korean |
* [[September 9]] – [[Gang Gam-chan]], Korean general (b. [[948]]) |
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== References == |
== References == |
Revision as of 15:00, 21 August 2018
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1031 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Gregorian calendar | 1031 MXXXI |
Ab urbe condita | 1784 |
Armenian calendar | 480 ԹՎ ՆՁ |
Assyrian calendar | 5781 |
Balinese saka calendar | 952–953 |
Bengali calendar | 438 |
Berber calendar | 1981 |
English Regnal year | N/A |
Buddhist calendar | 1575 |
Burmese calendar | 393 |
Byzantine calendar | 6539–6540 |
Chinese calendar | 庚午年 (Metal Horse) 3728 or 3521 — to — 辛未年 (Metal Goat) 3729 or 3522 |
Coptic calendar | 747–748 |
Discordian calendar | 2197 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1023–1024 |
Hebrew calendar | 4791–4792 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1087–1088 |
- Shaka Samvat | 952–953 |
- Kali Yuga | 4131–4132 |
Holocene calendar | 11031 |
Igbo calendar | 31–32 |
Iranian calendar | 409–410 |
Islamic calendar | 421–423 |
Japanese calendar | Chōgen 4 (長元4年) |
Javanese calendar | 933–934 |
Julian calendar | 1031 MXXXI |
Korean calendar | 3364 |
Minguo calendar | 881 before ROC 民前881年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −437 |
Seleucid era | 1342/1343 AG |
Thai solar calendar | 1573–1574 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳金马年 (male Iron-Horse) 1157 or 776 or 4 — to — 阴金羊年 (female Iron-Goat) 1158 or 777 or 5 |
Year 1031 (MXXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
- July 20 – King Robert II (the Pious) dies at Melun after a 35-year reign. He is succeeded by his 23-year-old son, Henry I, who becomes the sole ruler of France. Henry's mother, Queen dowager Constance of Arles preferres her third son, Robert, as heir to the throne and begins with the help of Count Odo II a war against Henry.[1]
- The Caliphate of Córdoba collapses after years of infighting, the caliphate fractures into a number of independent Muslim taifa (kingdoms). The last Umayyad ruler, Caliph Hisham III, tries to consolidate the caliphate. But his raising of taxes (to pay for mosques) leads to heavy opposition. Hisham is imprisoned by his rivals.[2]
- King Mieszko II is forced to escape Poland after an attack of Grand Prince Yaroslav I (the Wise) of Kiev, who installs Mieszko's half-brother Bezprym onto the Polish throne.
- France suffers from a famine (until 1033).[3]
Middle East
- The Byzantine general George Maniakes captures Edessa from the Arab Muslims and stabilizes the eastern frontier.
Births
- Matilda of Flanders, Queen consort of the Kingdom of England (d.1083)
- Count Roger I of Sicily (d. 1101)
- Shen Kuo, renowned polymath scientist of the Song Dynasty in China (d. 1095)
Deaths
- July 20 – Robert II (the Pious), king of France (b. 972)
- September 2 – Emeric, Hungarian prince and co-heir
- September 9 – Gang Gam-chan, Korean general (b. 948)
References
- ^ Jonathan Riley-Smith (2006). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 4, c. 1024–c. 1198, p. 124. ISBN 978-0-521-41411-1.
- ^ Chejne, Anwar G. (1974). Muslim Spain: Its History and Culture, pp. 43–49. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0816606889.
- ^ Moriceau, Jean-Marc (2011) L'Homme contre le loup. Une guerre de deux mille ans, Paris, Fayard.