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{{Year nav|1031}} |
{{Year nav|1031}} |
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{{C11 year in topic}} |
{{C11 year in topic}} |
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[[File:Califato de Córdoba - 1000-en.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|The [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] (green) ends.]] |
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Year '''1031''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
Year '''1031''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
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=== By place === |
=== By place === |
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==== Europe ==== |
==== Europe ==== |
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* [[July 20]] – King [[Robert II of France|Robert II]] ('''the Pious''') dies at [[Melun]], after a 35-year reign. He is succeeded by his 23-year-old son, [[Henry I of France|Henry I]], who becomes the sole ruler of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]]. Henry's mother, Queen dowager [[Constance of Arles]], prefers her third son, [[Robert I, Duke of Burgundy|Robert]], as heir to the [[throne]] and, with the help of Count [[Odo II, Count of Blois|Odo II]], begins a war against Henry.<ref>Jonathan Riley-Smith (2006). ''The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 4, c. 1024–c. 1198'', p. 124. {{ISBN|978-0-521-41411-1}}.</ref> |
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* [[July 20]] – [[Henry I of France|Henry I]] becomes sole [[King of France]] on the death of his father [[Robert II of France|Robert II]]. |
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* The [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] collapses after years of infighting; the caliphate fractures into a number of independent Muslim ''[[taifa]]'' (kingdoms). The last [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] ruler, Caliph [[Hisham III of Córdoba|Hisham III]], tries to consolidate the caliphate, but his raising of taxes (to pay for [[mosques]]) leads to heavy opposition and he is imprisoned by his rivals.<ref>Chejne, Anwar G. (1974). ''Muslim Spain: Its History and Culture'', pp. 43–49. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press. {{ISBN|0816606889}}.</ref> |
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* The [[Ummayyad]] Caliphate of [[Caliph of Córdoba|Córdoba]] collapses. |
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* King [[Mieszko II Lambert|Mieszko II]] is forced to escape [[Greater Poland|Poland]] after an attack of Grand Prince [[Yaroslav the Wise|Yaroslav I]] ('''the Wise''') of [[Kiev]], who installs Mieszko's half-brother [[Bezprym]] onto the Polish throne. |
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* [[Bezprym]] seizes the throne of [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Poland]] from [[Mieszko II]]. |
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* |
* France suffers from a [[famine]] (until [[1033]]).<ref>Moriceau, Jean-Marc (2011) ''L'Homme contre le loup. Une guerre de deux mille ans'', Paris, Fayard.</ref> |
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==== Middle East ==== |
==== Middle East ==== |
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* |
* The Byzantine general [[George Maniakes]] captures [[Edessa, Mesopotamia|Edessa]] from the [[Arab Muslims]] and stabilizes the eastern frontier. |
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</onlyinclude> |
</onlyinclude> |
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== Births == |
== Births == |
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* [[ |
* [[March 26]] – [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]] ('''Canmore'''), king of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] (d. [[1093]]) |
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* [[Hoël II, Duke of Brittany|Hoël II]] (or '''Houel'''), duke of [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]] (approximate date) |
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* Count [[Roger I of Sicily]] (d. [[1101]]) |
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* [[ |
* [[Matilda of Flanders]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of England|England]] (d. [[1083]]) |
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* [[Muhammad ibn Ammar]], Moorish [[Poetry|poet]] and writer (d. [[1086]]) |
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* [[Robert, Count of Mortain|Robert]], Norman [[Nobility|nobleman]] and [[Earl of Cornwall]] (d. [[1095]]) |
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* [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger I]] ('''the Great Count'''), Norman nobleman (d. [[1101]]) |
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* [[Shen Kuo]], Chinese [[polymath]] scientist and engineer (d. 1095) |
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* [[Spytihněv II, Duke of Bohemia|Spytihněv II]], duke of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]] ([[Přemyslid dynasty|House of Přemyslid]]) (d. [[1061]]) |
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== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
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* [[ |
* [[January 1]] – [[William of Volpiano]], Italian [[abbot]] (b. [[962]]) |
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* [[ |
* [[January 5]] – [[Gunnor]], duchess consort of [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] |
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* [[April 10]] – [[Liudolf of Lotharingia]], German nobleman |
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* [[Gang Gam-chan]], Korean official and military commander (b. [[948]]) |
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* [[June 17]] – [[Hyeonjong of Goryeo|Hyeonjong]], king of [[Goryeo]] ([[Korea]]) (b. [[992]]) |
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* [[June 25]] – [[Emperor Shengzong of Liao|Sheng Zong]], emperor of the [[Liao dynasty|Liao Dynasty]] (b. [[972]]) |
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* [[June 28]] – [[Taira no Tadatsune]], Japanese governor (b. [[975]]) |
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* [[July 20]] – [[Robert II of France|Robert II]] ('''the Pious'''), king of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (b. 972) |
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* [[August 20]] – [[Burchard (archbishop of Vienne)|Burchard]], French archbishop and count |
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* [[September 2]] – [[Saint Emeric of Hungary|Emeric]], Hungarian prince and co-heir |
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* [[September 9]] – [[Kang Kam-ch'an]], Korean general (b. [[948]]) |
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* [[November 29]] – [[Al-Qadir]], Abbasid caliph of [[Baghdad]] (b. [[947]]) |
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* [[Aribo (archbishop of Mainz)|Aribo]], German archbishop and primate (''[[Primas Germaniae]]'') |
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* [[Fadl ibn Muhammad]], Shaddadid emir of [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] ([[Azerbaijan]]) |
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* [[Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab]], Abbasid scholar and jurist (b. [[973]]) |
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* [[Snorri Goði]], Icelandic [[Vikings|Viking]] warrior and chieftain (b. [[963]]) |
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== References == |
== References == |
Latest revision as of 23:47, 30 April 2024
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1031 by topic |
---|
Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Gregorian calendar | 1031 MXXXI |
Ab urbe condita | 1784 |
Armenian calendar | 480 ԹՎ ՆՁ |
Assyrian calendar | 5781 |
Balinese saka calendar | 952–953 |
Bengali calendar | 438 |
Berber calendar | 1981 |
English Regnal year | N/A |
Buddhist calendar | 1575 |
Burmese calendar | 393 |
Byzantine calendar | 6539–6540 |
Chinese calendar | 庚午年 (Metal Horse) 3728 or 3521 — to — 辛未年 (Metal Goat) 3729 or 3522 |
Coptic calendar | 747–748 |
Discordian calendar | 2197 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1023–1024 |
Hebrew calendar | 4791–4792 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1087–1088 |
- Shaka Samvat | 952–953 |
- Kali Yuga | 4131–4132 |
Holocene calendar | 11031 |
Igbo calendar | 31–32 |
Iranian calendar | 409–410 |
Islamic calendar | 421–423 |
Japanese calendar | Chōgen 4 (長元4年) |
Javanese calendar | 933–934 |
Julian calendar | 1031 MXXXI |
Korean calendar | 3364 |
Minguo calendar | 881 before ROC 民前881年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −437 |
Seleucid era | 1342/1343 AG |
Thai solar calendar | 1573–1574 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳金马年 (male Iron-Horse) 1157 or 776 or 4 — to — 阴金羊年 (female Iron-Goat) 1158 or 777 or 5 |
Year 1031 (MXXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
- July 20 – King Robert II (the Pious) dies at Melun, after a 35-year reign. He is succeeded by his 23-year-old son, Henry I, who becomes the sole ruler of France. Henry's mother, Queen dowager Constance of Arles, prefers her third son, Robert, as heir to the throne and, with the help of Count Odo II, begins a war against Henry.[1]
- The Caliphate of Córdoba collapses after years of infighting; the caliphate fractures into a number of independent Muslim taifa (kingdoms). The last Umayyad ruler, Caliph Hisham III, tries to consolidate the caliphate, but his raising of taxes (to pay for mosques) leads to heavy opposition and he is imprisoned by his rivals.[2]
- King Mieszko II is forced to escape Poland after an attack of Grand Prince Yaroslav I (the Wise) of Kiev, who installs Mieszko's half-brother Bezprym onto the Polish throne.
- France suffers from a famine (until 1033).[3]
Middle East
- The Byzantine general George Maniakes captures Edessa from the Arab Muslims and stabilizes the eastern frontier.
Births
- March 26 – Malcolm III (Canmore), king of Scotland (d. 1093)
- Hoël II (or Houel), duke of Brittany (approximate date)
- Matilda of Flanders, queen consort of England (d. 1083)
- Muhammad ibn Ammar, Moorish poet and writer (d. 1086)
- Robert, Norman nobleman and Earl of Cornwall (d. 1095)
- Roger I (the Great Count), Norman nobleman (d. 1101)
- Shen Kuo, Chinese polymath scientist and engineer (d. 1095)
- Spytihněv II, duke of Bohemia (House of Přemyslid) (d. 1061)
Deaths
- January 1 – William of Volpiano, Italian abbot (b. 962)
- January 5 – Gunnor, duchess consort of Normandy
- April 10 – Liudolf of Lotharingia, German nobleman
- June 17 – Hyeonjong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 992)
- June 25 – Sheng Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b. 972)
- June 28 – Taira no Tadatsune, Japanese governor (b. 975)
- July 20 – Robert II (the Pious), king of France (b. 972)
- August 20 – Burchard, French archbishop and count
- September 2 – Emeric, Hungarian prince and co-heir
- September 9 – Kang Kam-ch'an, Korean general (b. 948)
- November 29 – Al-Qadir, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad (b. 947)
- Aribo, German archbishop and primate (Primas Germaniae)
- Fadl ibn Muhammad, Shaddadid emir of Ganja (Azerbaijan)
- Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab, Abbasid scholar and jurist (b. 973)
- Snorri Goði, Icelandic Viking warrior and chieftain (b. 963)
References
- ^ Jonathan Riley-Smith (2006). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 4, c. 1024–c. 1198, p. 124. ISBN 978-0-521-41411-1.
- ^ Chejne, Anwar G. (1974). Muslim Spain: Its History and Culture, pp. 43–49. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0816606889.
- ^ Moriceau, Jean-Marc (2011) L'Homme contre le loup. Une guerre de deux mille ans, Paris, Fayard.