"primarily" is not substantiated... so I am changing to say that "many" are directed against these goals |
Clearer before - all of the protests are connected by these primary causes, although there will be different emphasis and other additional causes depending on location |
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The '''"Occupy" protests''' are an ongoing series of international protests which began in mid-September 2011, |
The '''"Occupy" protests''' are an ongoing series of international protests which began in mid-September 2011, which are primarily directed against social and [[economic inequality]], [[corporate greed]] and the influence of corporate money and [[Lobbying|lobbyists]] on government.<ref name="businessweek"/><ref name="lessighp"/> Initiated by the Canadian activist group [[Adbusters]],<ref name="Fleming"/><ref name="adbusters">[http://www.adbusters.org/about/adbusters About] Adbusters.org. Accessed: October 3, 2011.</ref> the protests are inspired by the [[Arab Spring]] movement, especially Cairo's [[Tahrir Square]] protests, and the [[2011 Spanish protests|Spanish Indignants]].<ref name="cnn"/><ref name="adbusters1">{{cite web|url=http://www.adbusters.org/campaigns/occupywallstreet |title=Occupy Wall Street | September 17th |publisher=Adbusters.org |accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref><ref name="guardian">[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/08/occupy-america-protests-financial-crisis Occupy America: protests against Wall Street and inequality hit 70 cities]''The Guardian''. Accessed: October 14, 2011.</ref> The protests take their name from their solidarity with, and similar organizational tactics to, the [[Occupy Wall Street]] protests in New York City, and commonly use the #Occupy [[hashtag]] format, the slogan ''[[We are the 99%]]'', and organize through websites such as "Occupy Together".<ref> [[Ben Berkowitz]], [http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/technology/technology-news/from-a-single-hashtag-a-protest-circled-the-world-20111019-1m72j.html From a single hashtag, a protest circled the world]. [[Brisbane Times]]. Published October 19, 2011, accessed October 19, 2011 </ref> |
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The protests have been described as a "democratic awakening", difficult to reduce to a few demands,<ref name=westc>{{cite web|title=Cornel West on Occupy Wall Street: It's the Makings of a U.S. Autumn Responding to the Arab Spring |url=http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2011/9/29/cornel_west_on_occupy_wall_street_its_the_makings_of_a_us_autumn_responding_to_the_arab_spring |work=[[Democracy Now!]]|date=September 29, 2011|accessdate=September 30, 2011}}</ref> and at the present time their growth is widely seen as a primary goal of participants.<ref name="washingtonpost22">{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/will-occupy-wall-streets-spark-reshape-our-politics/2011/10/10/gIQArPJjcL_story.html |title=Will Occupy Wall Street’s spark reshape our politics? |work=The Washington Post |date=February 24, 2011 |accessdate=October 13, 2011}}</ref> On October 15, the Occupy Wall Street Demands Working Group, published a declaration of demands, goals, and solutions.<ref name=99percentdeclaration>New York City General Assembly Demands Working Group (October 15, 2011) "The 99 Percent Declaration." Retrieved 20 October 2011.</ref><ref name=duda>Duda, C. (October 19, 2011) "Occupy Wall Street Protesters Call for National General Assembly, Put Forward Possible Demands" Juvenile Justice Information Exchange</ref><ref name=lopez>Lopez, L. (October 19, 2011) "Finally! The Protesters Have Drafted A Set Of Demands For The Jobs Crisis" Business Insider</ref><ref>ref name=haack>Haack, D. (October 24, 2011) "How the Occupy movement won me over" The Guardian</ref> A member of the New York City General Assembly said OWS will not issue demands because, "demands are for terrorists and that is not who we are."<ref name=kingkade>Kingkade, T. (October 18, 2011) [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mobileweb/2011/10/18/occupy-wall-street-planning-convention_n_1018570.html "Occupy Wall Street Protesters Propose A National Convention, Release Potential Demands"] ''Huffington Post''. Retrieved 20 October 2011</ref> The Goals Working Group may produce an alternative document.<ref name=haack /> |
The protests have been described as a "democratic awakening", difficult to reduce to a few demands,<ref name=westc>{{cite web|title=Cornel West on Occupy Wall Street: It's the Makings of a U.S. Autumn Responding to the Arab Spring |url=http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2011/9/29/cornel_west_on_occupy_wall_street_its_the_makings_of_a_us_autumn_responding_to_the_arab_spring |work=[[Democracy Now!]]|date=September 29, 2011|accessdate=September 30, 2011}}</ref> and at the present time their growth is widely seen as a primary goal of participants.<ref name="washingtonpost22">{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/will-occupy-wall-streets-spark-reshape-our-politics/2011/10/10/gIQArPJjcL_story.html |title=Will Occupy Wall Street’s spark reshape our politics? |work=The Washington Post |date=February 24, 2011 |accessdate=October 13, 2011}}</ref> On October 15, the Occupy Wall Street Demands Working Group, published a declaration of demands, goals, and solutions.<ref name=99percentdeclaration>New York City General Assembly Demands Working Group (October 15, 2011) "The 99 Percent Declaration." Retrieved 20 October 2011.</ref><ref name=duda>Duda, C. (October 19, 2011) "Occupy Wall Street Protesters Call for National General Assembly, Put Forward Possible Demands" Juvenile Justice Information Exchange</ref><ref name=lopez>Lopez, L. (October 19, 2011) "Finally! The Protesters Have Drafted A Set Of Demands For The Jobs Crisis" Business Insider</ref><ref>ref name=haack>Haack, D. (October 24, 2011) "How the Occupy movement won me over" The Guardian</ref> A member of the New York City General Assembly said OWS will not issue demands because, "demands are for terrorists and that is not who we are."<ref name=kingkade>Kingkade, T. (October 18, 2011) [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mobileweb/2011/10/18/occupy-wall-street-planning-convention_n_1018570.html "Occupy Wall Street Protesters Propose A National Convention, Release Potential Demands"] ''Huffington Post''. Retrieved 20 October 2011</ref> The Goals Working Group may produce an alternative document.<ref name=haack /> |
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By October 9, protests were either ongoing or had been held [[List of "Occupy" protest locations|in 70 major cities and over 600 communities in the U.S.]],<ref name="guardian2">{{cite web|author=Joanna Walters in Seattle |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/08/occupy-america-protests-financial-crisis |title=Occupy America: protests against Wall Street and inequality hit 70 cities | World news | The Observer |work=The Guardian |location=UK |accessdate=October 13, 2011}}</ref> |
By October 9, protests were either ongoing or had been held [[List of "Occupy" protest locations|in 70 major cities and over 600 communities in the U.S.]],<ref name="guardian2">{{cite web|author=Joanna Walters in Seattle |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/08/occupy-america-protests-financial-crisis |title=Occupy America: protests against Wall Street and inequality hit 70 cities | World news | The Observer |work=The Guardian |location=UK |accessdate=October 13, 2011}}</ref> and an estimated 100,000 people demonstrated across the country on October 15.<ref>[[Nate Silver|Silver, N.]] (October 17, 2011) [http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/17/the-geography-of-occupying-wall-street-and-everywhere-else/ "The Geography of Occupying Wall Street (And Everywhere Else)"] ''New York Times'' [[FiveThirtyEight]]</ref><ref name=nationeverywhere>Schneider, N. (October 11, 2011) [http://www.thenation.com/article/163924/occupy-wall-street-occupy-everywhere "From Occupy Wall Street to Occupy Everywhere"] ''The Nation''</ref> Internationally, other "Occupy" protests have modeled themselves after Occupy Wall Street, in over 900 cities worldwide.<ref name="theatlantic">Derek Thompson, [http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/10/occupy-the-world-the-99-percent-movement-goes-global/246757/ Occupy the World: The '99 Percent' Movement Goes Global] October 11, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2011. </ref><ref name="nytimes"> Shaila Dewan – [http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/11/99-percenters-and-53-percenters-face-off/ "99 Percenters and 53 Percenters Face Off"] – ''The New York Times'' – Business Day – Economix – October 11, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2011.</ref><ref>Adam, K. (October 15, 2011) [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/occupy-wall-street-protests-go-global/2011/10/15/gIQAp7kimL_story.html "Occupy Wall Street protests go global"] ''Washington Post''</ref><ref>Adam, K. (October 16, 2011) [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/occupy-wall-street-protests-continue-world-wide/2011/10/16/gIQAcJ1roL_story.html "Occupy Wall Street Protests Continue Worldwide"] ''Washington Post''</ref> An October 11 poll showed that 54% of Americans have a favorable opinion of the protests, compared to 27% for the [[Tea Party movement]],<ref name=Brohinsky>Brohinsky, S. (October 11, 2011) [http://www.srbi.com/Economics_2011_Poll.html "As Economic Frustrations Grow, Protesters Gain Support – Majority of Americans Have a Favorable Opinion of the Occupy Movement"] ''SRBI.com''</ref> and up from 38% in a poll conducted October 6–10.<ref name=reuters12thpoll>Ipsos/Reuters (October 12, 2011) [http://www.ipsos-na.com/news-polls/pressrelease.aspx?id=5374 "Poll: October 2011"] ''Ipsos-NA.com''</ref> An October 12–16 poll found that 67% of New York City voters agreed with the protesters and 87% agreed with their right to protest.<ref name=reuters17thpoll>Reuters (October 17, 2011) [http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/17/us-protests-idUSTRE79G55O20111017 "New Yorkers support anti-Wall Street protests: poll"] ''Reuters.com''</ref> |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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On October 15, the Occupy Wall Street Demands Working Group published a declaration of demands, goals, and solutions.<ref name=99percentdeclaration>New York City General Assembly Demands Working Group (October 15, 2011) [https://sites.google.com/site/the99percentdeclaration/ "The 99 Percent Declaration."] Retrieved 20 October 2011.</ref><ref name=duda>Duda, C. (October 19, 2011) [http://jjie.org/occupy-wall-street-protesters-call-for-national-general-assembly-put-forward-possible-demands/49205 "Occupy Wall Street Protesters Call for National General Assembly, Put Forward Possible Demands"] ''Juvenile Justice Information Exchange''</ref><ref name=lopez>Lopez, L. (October 19, 2011) [http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-10-19/wall_street/30296890_1_jobs-crisis-immigration-status-new-jobs "Finally! The Protesters Have Drafted A Set Of Demands For The Jobs Crisis"] ''Business Insider''</ref><ref name=haack>Haack, D. (October 24, 2011) [http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/oct/24/how-occupy-movement-won-me-over "How the Occupy movement won me over"] ''The Guardian''</ref> However, [[New York City General Assembly]] official statements are agreed upon by consensus, and not all participants agree with issuing demands.<ref name=haack>Haack, D. (October 24, 2011) [http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/oct/24/how-occupy-movement-won-me-over "How the Occupy movement won me over"] ''The Guardian''</ref><ref name=kingkade/> The Goals Working Group may produce an alternative document.<ref name=haack /> |
On October 15, the Occupy Wall Street Demands Working Group published a declaration of demands, goals, and solutions.<ref name=99percentdeclaration>New York City General Assembly Demands Working Group (October 15, 2011) [https://sites.google.com/site/the99percentdeclaration/ "The 99 Percent Declaration."] Retrieved 20 October 2011.</ref><ref name=duda>Duda, C. (October 19, 2011) [http://jjie.org/occupy-wall-street-protesters-call-for-national-general-assembly-put-forward-possible-demands/49205 "Occupy Wall Street Protesters Call for National General Assembly, Put Forward Possible Demands"] ''Juvenile Justice Information Exchange''</ref><ref name=lopez>Lopez, L. (October 19, 2011) [http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-10-19/wall_street/30296890_1_jobs-crisis-immigration-status-new-jobs "Finally! The Protesters Have Drafted A Set Of Demands For The Jobs Crisis"] ''Business Insider''</ref><ref name=haack>Haack, D. (October 24, 2011) [http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/oct/24/how-occupy-movement-won-me-over "How the Occupy movement won me over"] ''The Guardian''</ref> However, [[New York City General Assembly]] official statements are agreed upon by consensus, and not all participants agree with issuing demands.<ref name=haack>Haack, D. (October 24, 2011) [http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/oct/24/how-occupy-movement-won-me-over "How the Occupy movement won me over"] ''The Guardian''</ref><ref name=kingkade/> The Goals Working Group may produce an alternative document.<ref name=haack /> |
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Some protesters have joined<ref name=99percentdeclaration /><ref name=manning>Manning, B. (October 21, 2011) [http://needham.patch.com/articles/lynch-talks-wall-street-foreign-policy "Lynch Shares Views on 'Occupy' Movement"] Needham, Mass. ''Patch''</ref><ref name=crugnale>Crugnale, J. (October 14, 2011) [http://www.mediaite.com/tv/russell-simmons-occupy-wall-st-wont-end-until-constitutional-amendments-pass/ "Russell Simmons: Occupy Wall Street Protesters Want Constitutional Amendment"] ''Mediaite''</ref><ref name=niose>Niose, D. (October 13, 2011) [http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/our-humanity-naturally/201110/what-the-occupy-wall-street-protesters-want "What the Occupy Wall Street Protesters Want — Constitutional amendment on corporations is a starting point"] ''Psychology Today''</ref><ref>McCabe, J. (October 21, 2011) [http://www.newstimes.com/opinion/article/Dear-Occupy-Wall-Street-Move-to-Amend-the-2230414.php "Dear Occupy Wall Street: 'Move to Amend' (the Constitution)"] ''NewsTimes.com''</ref> Harvard law professor and [[Creative Commons]] board member [[Lawrence Lessig]]'s call for a [[convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution]]<ref>Lessig, L. (October 12, 2011) [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lawrence-lessig/a-letter-to-the-occupiers_b_1007459.html "A Letter to the #Occup(iers): The principle of Non-contradiction"] ''Huffington Post''</ref><ref name=callaconvention>{{cite web|url=http://callaconvention.org |title=CallAConvention.org |publisher=CallAConvention.org |accessdate=October 19, 2011}}</ref> made at a September 24–25, 2011 conference co-chaired by the [[Tea Party Patriots]]' national coordinator,<ref name=conconcon>[http://conconcon.org Conference on the Constitutional Convention], Harvard University, September 24-5, 2011</ref> in Lessig's October 5 book,<ref name=lessigbook>Lessig, L. (2011) [http://www.twelvebooks.com/books/republic_lost.asp ''Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress – and a Plan to Stop It''] (New York City: Hachette/Twelve) [http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/blogs/national-affairs/lawrence-lessig-on-how-we-lost-our-democracy-20111005 excerpt]</ref> and at the Occupy protest in Washington, DC.<ref name=occupydc>Tackett, C. (October 19, 2011) [http://www.treehugger.com/files/2011/10/could-occupy-wall-street-become-conventionists-ows.php "Could #OccupyWallStreet Become a Constitutional Convention?"] ''Discovery / TreeHugger.com''</ref><ref name=politicoDLAP>Leventhal, D. and Palmer, A. (October 19, 2011) [http://www.politico.com/politicoinfluence/1011/politicoinfluence124.html "Politico Influence - Intelligence and analysis on lobbying"] ''Politico.com''</ref> Reporter [[Dan Froomkin]] said the book could serve as a manifesto for the protesters, focusing on the core problem of corruption in both political parties and their elections.<ref name=froomkin2011>Froomkin, D. (October 5, 2011) [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/05/lessig-new-book_n_996519.html "Lawrence Lessig's New Book On Political Corruption Offers Protesters A Possible Manifesto"] ''Huffington Post''</ref> Lessig's initial constitutional amendment would allow legislatures to limit political contributions from non-citizens, including corporations, anonymous organizations, and foreign nationals (see ''[[Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission]].''<ref>Wiessman, R. (October 19, 2011) [http://www.usnews.com/debate-club/is-occupy-wall-street-the-next-tea-party-movement/occupy-movement-purposely-has-no-single-set-demand-occupy-movement-purposely-has-no-single-set-demand "'Occupy' Movement Purposely Has No Single, Set Demand"] ''US News''</ref>) Lessig, whose involvement in the movement has increased its credibility within intellectual circles,<ref>Oremus, W. (October 5, 2011) [http://slatest.slate.com/posts/2011/10/05/occupy_wall_street_stiglitz_lessig_west_lend_protests_intellectu.html "Academics Help Wall Street Protests Gain Credibility"] ''Slate.com''</ref> also supports [[Public financing of campaigns|public campaign financing]] and [[electoral college]] reform to establish the [[one person, one vote]] principle.<ref name=hill2011>Hill, A. (October 4, 2011) [http://marketplace.publicradio.org/display/web/2011/10/04/am-campaign-finance-lobbying-major-roadblocks-to-effective-government/ "Campaign finance, lobbying major roadblocks to effective government"] ''Marketplace Morning Report'' (American Public Media)</ref> Lessig's web site [http://convention.idea.informer.com/ convention.idea.informer.com] allows anyone to propose and vote on constitutional amendments.<ref>Lessig, L. (2011) [http://convention.idea.informer.com/ "Propose Amendments to the Constitution"] ''convention.idea.informer.com''</ref> Similar amendments have been proposed by [[Dylan Ratigan]],<ref name=ratigan>Ratigan, D. (2011) [http://www.getmoneyout.com/ "It's Time to GET MONEY OUT of politics"] ''GetMoneyOut.com''</ref> [[Karl Auerbach]],<ref name=auerbach>Auerbach, K. (2011) [http://cavebear.com/amendment/ "Proposed Amendment to the United States Constitution To Redress the Increasing Distortion of Elections and Political Speech by Corporations and Other Aggregate Forms"] ''cavebear.com/amendment''</ref> [[Cenk Uygur]],<ref>Blumenthal, P. (October 20, 2011) [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/20/cenk-uygur-separate-money-and-politics_n_1023053.html "Cenk Uygur Launches New Effort To Separate Money And Politics"] ''Huffington Post''</ref> and others.<ref>Public Citizen (January 21, 2011) [http://www.citizen.org/pressroom/pressroomredirect.cfm?ID=326 "One Year Later, Movement Is Growing to Overturn Citizens United"</ref><ref>[[Peter M. Shane|Shane, P.M.]] (October 11, 2011) [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-m-shane/occupy-the-constitution_b_1003703.html "Occupy the Constitution"] ''Huffington Post''</ref> |
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====New York City==== |
====New York City==== |
Revision as of 14:34, 25 October 2011
"Occupy" protests | |
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Part of the impact of the Arab Spring | |
Date | September 17, 2011 (4656 days) | – ongoing
Location | |
Caused by | Economic inequality, corporate influence over government, inter alia. |
Methods | |
Status | Ongoing |
Casualties and losses | |
Arrests: 780+,[1] Injuries: 70[2] |
The "Occupy" protests are an ongoing series of international protests which began in mid-September 2011, which are primarily directed against social and economic inequality, corporate greed and the influence of corporate money and lobbyists on government.[3][4] Initiated by the Canadian activist group Adbusters,[5][6] the protests are inspired by the Arab Spring movement, especially Cairo's Tahrir Square protests, and the Spanish Indignants.[7][8][9] The protests take their name from their solidarity with, and similar organizational tactics to, the Occupy Wall Street protests in New York City, and commonly use the #Occupy hashtag format, the slogan We are the 99%, and organize through websites such as "Occupy Together".[10]
The protests have been described as a "democratic awakening", difficult to reduce to a few demands,[11] and at the present time their growth is widely seen as a primary goal of participants.[12] On October 15, the Occupy Wall Street Demands Working Group, published a declaration of demands, goals, and solutions.[13][14][15][16] A member of the New York City General Assembly said OWS will not issue demands because, "demands are for terrorists and that is not who we are."[17] The Goals Working Group may produce an alternative document.[18]
By October 9, protests were either ongoing or had been held in 70 major cities and over 600 communities in the U.S.,[19] and an estimated 100,000 people demonstrated across the country on October 15.[20][21] Internationally, other "Occupy" protests have modeled themselves after Occupy Wall Street, in over 900 cities worldwide.[22][23][24][25] An October 11 poll showed that 54% of Americans have a favorable opinion of the protests, compared to 27% for the Tea Party movement,[26] and up from 38% in a poll conducted October 6–10.[27] An October 12–16 poll found that 67% of New York City voters agreed with the protesters and 87% agreed with their right to protest.[28]
Background
On May 30, ¡Democracia Real YA!, a leader in the Spanish Indignants movement, inspired by the Arab Spring,[30][31] made a call for a worldwide protest on October 15.[32]
In mid-2011, the Canadian-based group Adbusters Media Foundation, best known for its advertisement-free anti-consumerist magazine called Adbusters, proposed a peaceful occupation of Wall Street to protest corporate influence on democracy, address a growing disparity in wealth, and the absence of legal repercussions behind the recent global financial crisis.[5] According to the senior editor of the magazine, “[they] basically floated the idea in mid-July into our [email list] and it was spontaneously taken up by all the people of the world, it just kind of snowballed from there.”[5] They promoted the protest with a poster featuring a dancer atop Wall Street's iconic Charging Bull.[33][34] Also in July, they stated that, "Beginning from one simple demand – a presidential commission to separate money from politics – we start setting the agenda for a new America."[35] Activists from Anonymous also encouraged its followers to take part in the protest which increased the attention it received calling protesters to "flood lower Manhattan, set up tents, kitchens, peaceful barricades and Occupy Wall Street".[7][36][37][38]
Aims and methods
Initially journalists such as Shannon Bond for the Financial Times had said it was hard to discern a unified aim for the movement, though by later October Adbusters had been trying to "rally it around a single, clear demand" for a Robin Hood tax, with a global march in support of the tax planned for October 29th. [39][40]
Adbusters have been encouraging protestors to use Tactical frivolity by improvising theatrics , pranks and "subversive performances". [40] The movement has been compared to the Situationists and the Protests of 1968, although according to Adbusters co-founder Kalle Lasn, this time the "stakes are much higher". [41]
Chronology of events
The Occupy Wall Street protests began in New York City on September 17, 2011.[42] On 9 October 2011 activists in cities in over 25 countries made calls for global protests on 15 October.[43][44][45] Many used online website and social media like Facebook, Twitter, and Meetup to coordinate the events,[43] and a list of events for October 15 included 951 cities in 82 countries.[46] On October 15 events were held in many cities worldwide.[47]
Protests
United States
Main articles: Occupy Ashland, Occupy Atlanta, Occupy Austin, Occupy Boston, Occupy Buffalo, Occupy Chicago, Occupy Dallas, Occupy Eugene, Occupy Houston, Occupy Oakland, Occupy Philadelphia, Occupy Portland, Occupy Salem, Occupy San Jose, Occupy Seattle, Occupy Wall Street
An October 11 poll showed that 54% of Americans have a favorable opinion of the protests, compared to 27% for the Tea Party movement,[26] and up from 38% in a poll conducted October 6–10.[27]
On October 15, the Occupy Wall Street Demands Working Group published a declaration of demands, goals, and solutions.[13][14][15][18] However, New York City General Assembly official statements are agreed upon by consensus, and not all participants agree with issuing demands.[18][17] The Goals Working Group may produce an alternative document.[18]
Some protesters have joined[13][48][49][50][51] Harvard law professor and Creative Commons board member Lawrence Lessig's call for a convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution[52][53] made at a September 24–25, 2011 conference co-chaired by the Tea Party Patriots' national coordinator,[54] in Lessig's October 5 book,[55] and at the Occupy protest in Washington, DC.[56][57] Reporter Dan Froomkin said the book could serve as a manifesto for the protesters, focusing on the core problem of corruption in both political parties and their elections.[58] Lessig's initial constitutional amendment would allow legislatures to limit political contributions from non-citizens, including corporations, anonymous organizations, and foreign nationals (see Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission.[59]) Lessig, whose involvement in the movement has increased its credibility within intellectual circles,[60] also supports public campaign financing and electoral college reform to establish the one person, one vote principle.[61] Lessig's web site convention.idea.informer.com allows anyone to propose and vote on constitutional amendments.[62] Similar amendments have been proposed by Dylan Ratigan,[63] Karl Auerbach,[64] Cenk Uygur,[65] and others.[66][67]
New York City
The Occupy Wall Street protests began in New York City in September 2011.[19] By October 9, similar demonstrations were either ongoing or had been held in 70 major cities and over 600 communities across the U.S.[19] An October 12–16 poll found that 67% of New York City voters agreed with the protesters and 87% agreed with their right to protest.[28]
Dallas
Occupy Dallas began on October 6, 2011 with a march to the Federal Reserve Building in the city.[68][69][70] A series of meetings that were titled "The General Assembly" or "GA" were held to plan the beginning of the event on October 6, 2011, and have been held on an ongoing basis to create a consensus on policies and planning for the occupation. Committees known as "working groups" have been formulated to utilize the expertise of volunteers who wish to assist in the event.[71] On October 6, 2011, Occupy Dallas marched from Pike Park to the Dallas Federal Reserve Branch.[72]
Roughly 150 protestors remain camped at City Hall Park.[73] Originally camped at Pioneer Plaza, protestors agreed to move to City Hall Park as a settlement with the city of Dallas.[74]
Seattle
Occupy Seattle began on 27 September 2011 at Westlake Park in downtown Seattle, Washington.[75][76] Occupy Seattle held a demonstration on 1 October. [77]
On October 15, the Occupy Seattle movement had its largest demonstration so far, with over 3,000 people rallying in Westlake Park.[78]
Australia
"Occupy" demonstrations have taken place in Perth,[79] Sydney,[80] Brisbane[81] and Melbourne.[82] The protests were relatively small, each attracting at most several hundred participants. At the Occupy Melbourne protest on October 21, approximately 100 protesters defied police orders to clear the area, and were subsequently removed with force. Approximately 20 arrests were made.[83]
Canada
"Occupy" demonstrations have been taking place in at least 20 Canadian cities since October 15. Events have been concentrated in provincial urban areas, and there have yet to be any demonstrations in the territories of Yukon, Northwest Territories, or Nunavut.[84][85]
Italy
On 15 October 2011 about 200,000 people[86] gathered in Rome to protest against economic inequality and the influence of the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund on government.[87] Many other protests occured in other Italian cities the same day.[88]
In Rome masked and hooded militants wearing makeshift body armor, in black bloc fashion, infiltrated the protests centered in St John Lateran square and committed numerous violent acts, throwing Molotov cocktails and other homemade explosives, burning and blowing up cars, burning buildings, and smashing up property such as ATMs and shop windows.[89] The Roman Catholic church Santi Marcellino e Pietro al Laterano received extensive damage, including a statue of the Virgin Mary being thrown into the street and destroyed.[89] Several unexploded petrol bombs were reportedly found on several streets by Italian police.[89] Over 1,000,000 euros of damage (equaivilent to over 1.3 million dollars) was recorded.[89] At least 135 people were injured in the resulting clashes, including 105 police officers, several of whom were left in critical condition,[90] and two news crews from Sky Italia.[91][89] Two protesters had their fingers amputated by exploding smoke bombs.[89] Almost 20 people have been arrested in connection with the violence.[89]
Mongolia
S. Ganbaatar, the head of Mongolia’s Confederation of Trade Unions (CTU), has announced that the association joins the worldwide occupy protests of Wallstreet and other highstreets on 20 October 2011.[92] He claimed that bankers are charging higher interest rates from customers and corporates. As of September 2011, the weighted average annual MNT lending rate is 16% in Mongolia.[93]
Republic of Ireland
Protests were held in Dublin,[94] Cork, and Galway.[95] The Irish Times described the movement in the following terms: The group has no hierarchical structure, has set up a Facebook page and Twitter account – with the social media links attracting a very mixed, and sometimes critical, reaction. The protest in Dublin was organized by the "Real Democracy Now! Ireland", and "Occupy Dame Street" protest, set up outside the Central Bank of Ireland in solidarity with the Occupy Wall Street movement in New York, also continued on October 15th.
United Kingdom
As part of the 15 October 2011 global protests, protesters gathered in London, Bristol, Birmingham, Glasgow and Edinburgh.[96] The London Stock Exchange in Paternoster Square was the initial target for the protestors of Occupy London on October 15, 2011.[97][98][99] Attempts to occupy the square were thwarted by police.[99][100] Police sealed off the entrance to the square as it was private property, a High Court injunction had been granted against public access to the square.[101] 2500-3000 people gathered nearby outside St Paul's Cathedral, with 250 camping overnight.[100] The canon of St. Paul's, Reverend Giles Fraser, said he was happy for people to "exercise their right to protest peacefully" outside the cathedral and an indefinite encampment was established.[100] Additional smaller protests occured in Nottingham.[102] As of 17 October an indefinite encampment had also been established on College Green in Bristol.[103]
Political reaction
US On 16 October 2011 , President Barack Obama spoke in support of the movement, though also asked protesters not to "demonise" finance workers. [39]
India On 19 October 2011, Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India, described the protests as "a warning for all those who are in charge of the processes of governance."[104]
See also
- Note. Cities with 'Occupy' articles are in the show-hide table below.
Template:Anti-government protests in the 21st century
References
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- ^ About Adbusters.org. Accessed: October 3, 2011.
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- ^ Ben Berkowitz, From a single hashtag, a protest circled the world. Brisbane Times. Published October 19, 2011, accessed October 19, 2011
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- ^ a b c New York City General Assembly Demands Working Group (October 15, 2011) "The 99 Percent Declaration." Retrieved 20 October 2011. Cite error: The named reference "99percentdeclaration" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
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- ^ a b Lopez, L. (October 19, 2011) "Finally! The Protesters Have Drafted A Set Of Demands For The Jobs Crisis" Business Insider Cite error: The named reference "lopez" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ ref name=haack>Haack, D. (October 24, 2011) "How the Occupy movement won me over" The Guardian
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- ^ a b c d Haack, D. (October 24, 2011) "How the Occupy movement won me over" The Guardian
- ^ a b c Joanna Walters in Seattle. "Occupy America: protests against Wall Street and inequality hit 70 cities | World news | The Observer". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved October 13, 2011. Cite error: The named reference "guardian2" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Silver, N. (October 17, 2011) "The Geography of Occupying Wall Street (And Everywhere Else)" New York Times FiveThirtyEight
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- ^ Adam, K. (October 16, 2011) "Occupy Wall Street Protests Continue Worldwide" Washington Post
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- ^ a b Ipsos/Reuters (October 12, 2011) "Poll: October 2011" Ipsos-NA.com
- ^ a b Reuters (October 17, 2011) "New Yorkers support anti-Wall Street protests: poll" Reuters.com
- ^ Kenworthy, L. (August 20, 2010) "The best inequality graph, updated" Consider the Evidence
- ^ Frayer, Lauren Inspired by Arab Protests, Spain's Unemployed Rally for Change, in voanews, May 19, 2011
- ^ "From Europe to the US, protesters are inspired by Arab spring". The National (Abu Dhabi). 5 October 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
- ^ "Democracia Real Ya prepara una convocatoria mundial para el 15 de octubre". El País. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
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- ^ Schneider, Nathan (September 29, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street: FAQ". The Nation. Retrieved 2011-10-12.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ Adbusters, Adbusters, July 13, 2011; accessed September 30, 2011
- ^ [Barack Obama, Louis Farrakhan], Anonymous (2011-09-17). An Anonymous Message Concerning #occupywallstreet (Internet video). user TheAnonMessage via YouTube.
- ^ Adbusters (23 August 2011). "Anonymous Joins #OCCUPYWALLSTREET "Wall Street, Expect Us!" says video communique". Adbusters. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
- ^ Anonopss (30 August 2011). "Occupy Wall Street - Sep17". Youtube. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
- ^ a b Shannon Bond (2011-10-16). "Obama extends support for protesters" ((registration required)). The Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ^ a b ""OCTOBER 29 – #ROBINHOOD GLOBAL MARCH". Adbusters. 2011-10-17. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ^ Ben Piven (2011-10-07). "Occupy Wall Street: All day, all week". Aljazeera. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ^ Jake Zamansky (2011-09-17). "September 17, 2011 - Jake Zamansky". Forbes. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
- ^ a b "Beyond Wall Street: 'Occupy' protests go global". CNN. October 7, 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
- ^ 15th october: #United we will re-invent the world.
- ^ October 15th: Dreaming of a “new global citizen power”. Periodismo Humano (Human Journalism). By Juan Luis Sánchez. Translation by Blanca G. Bertolaza. Take The Square. From the article intro: "It does not intend to be just any other demonstration, but to spark off an international social movement. Part of the 15M movement admits to some fragmentation and places hopes of reunification on Saturday."
- ^ 'Indignant' protests to go global on Saturday. 15 October 2011. AFP via France 24. Article quote: "Protesters will take to the streets worldwide on Saturday, inspired by the 'Occupy Wall Street' and 'Indignants' movements, to vent their anger against alleged corporate greed and government cutbacks."
- ^ 'Indignant' protests across Asia. 15 October 2011. Bangkok Post. Article quote: "Protesters across the Asia-Pacific region Saturday joined worldwide demonstrations inspired by the 'Occupy Wall Street' and 'Indignants' movements."
- ^ Manning, B. (October 21, 2011) "Lynch Shares Views on 'Occupy' Movement" Needham, Mass. Patch
- ^ Crugnale, J. (October 14, 2011) "Russell Simmons: Occupy Wall Street Protesters Want Constitutional Amendment" Mediaite
- ^ Niose, D. (October 13, 2011) "What the Occupy Wall Street Protesters Want — Constitutional amendment on corporations is a starting point" Psychology Today
- ^ McCabe, J. (October 21, 2011) "Dear Occupy Wall Street: 'Move to Amend' (the Constitution)" NewsTimes.com
- ^ Lessig, L. (October 12, 2011) "A Letter to the #Occup(iers): The principle of Non-contradiction" Huffington Post
- ^ "CallAConvention.org". CallAConvention.org. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
- ^ Conference on the Constitutional Convention, Harvard University, September 24-5, 2011
- ^ Lessig, L. (2011) Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress – and a Plan to Stop It (New York City: Hachette/Twelve) excerpt
- ^ Tackett, C. (October 19, 2011) "Could #OccupyWallStreet Become a Constitutional Convention?" Discovery / TreeHugger.com
- ^ Leventhal, D. and Palmer, A. (October 19, 2011) "Politico Influence - Intelligence and analysis on lobbying" Politico.com
- ^ Froomkin, D. (October 5, 2011) "Lawrence Lessig's New Book On Political Corruption Offers Protesters A Possible Manifesto" Huffington Post
- ^ Wiessman, R. (October 19, 2011) "'Occupy' Movement Purposely Has No Single, Set Demand" US News
- ^ Oremus, W. (October 5, 2011) "Academics Help Wall Street Protests Gain Credibility" Slate.com
- ^ Hill, A. (October 4, 2011) "Campaign finance, lobbying major roadblocks to effective government" Marketplace Morning Report (American Public Media)
- ^ Lessig, L. (2011) "Propose Amendments to the Constitution" convention.idea.informer.com
- ^ Ratigan, D. (2011) "It's Time to GET MONEY OUT of politics" GetMoneyOut.com
- ^ Auerbach, K. (2011) "Proposed Amendment to the United States Constitution To Redress the Increasing Distortion of Elections and Political Speech by Corporations and Other Aggregate Forms" cavebear.com/amendment
- ^ Blumenthal, P. (October 20, 2011) "Cenk Uygur Launches New Effort To Separate Money And Politics" Huffington Post
- ^ Public Citizen (January 21, 2011) [http://www.citizen.org/pressroom/pressroomredirect.cfm?ID=326 "One Year Later, Movement Is Growing to Overturn Citizens United"
- ^ Shane, P.M. (October 11, 2011) "Occupy the Constitution" Huffington Post
- ^ "'Occupy Dallas'". Star Telegram. 6 October 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
- ^ "'Occupy' Movement Comes to Dallas". NBC DFW. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
- ^ "Dallas Yanks Occupy Dallas Agreement". MSNBC. 12 October 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
- ^ "Occupy Dallas Volunteer Page". occupydallas.org. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
- ^ "'Occupy Dallas' brings national protest to DFW". Dallas Business Journal. 7 October 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
- ^ "OccupyDallas GA votes 47-21 to move to City Hall Park". Occupy Dallas. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
- ^ North Texas (2011-10-13). "KERA: City Offers New Location To Occupy Dallas (2011-10-13)". Publicbroadcasting.net. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
- ^ "OccupySeattle". OccupySeattle. 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
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- ^ Emily Heffter; Brian M. Rosenthal (October 15, 2011). "Protest swells at Westlake Park on Saturday". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
- ^ "Protesters to Occupy Perth during CHOGM - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Abc.net.au. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
- ^ Campion, Vikki (2011-03-21). "Occupy Sydney CBD sit-in silliness | thetelegraph.com.au". Dailytelegraph.com.au. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
- ^ October 21, 2011 5:05PM. "Running update as the US Occupy Wall Street protest hits Brisbane". News.com.au. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Peter, By. "Police and Occupy Melbourne protesters clash again". News.com.au. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
- ^ "Occupy Melbourne | Police surround City Square, protesters refuse to leave". Theage.com.au. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
- ^ Occupy Canada rallies spread in economic 'awakening'
- ^ This is what democracy looks like: Occupying Wall Street and Bay Street
- ^ "Come previsto". Il Fatto Quotidiano. 16 October 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
- ^ "Rome descends into chaos as protests turn violent". RT. 15 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ "In altre città iniziative pacifiche". ANSA. 15 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g "BBC News - Rome counts cost of violence after global protests". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
- ^ "Anarchists Hijack Rome Protests". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 11-15-10.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ "Dozens injured in Rome as 'Occupy' movement swells - World - NZ Herald News". Nzherald.co.nz. 2011-03-17. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
- ^ "S.Ganbaatar to join "Occupy Wall Street" movement". English.news.mn. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
- ^ The MongolBank monthly statistical bulletin, p.28
- ^ Protesters march through capital, Belfast Telegraph, 15 October 2011.
- ^ Movement spreads to Galway's Eyre Square, The Irish Times, 17 October 2011.
- ^ "Occupy London: Protest continues for second day". BBC News Online. London. 16 October 2011.
- ^ "Occupy Wall Street protests come to London". The Guardian. Press Association. 2011-10-12. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
Protests against the global financial system which have seen huge demonstrations in New York's Wall Street will spread to the City of London this weekend. ...] the so-called OccupyLSX [...] We stand in solidarity with Occupy Wall Street, protesters in Spain, Greece and the Middle East who started this movement.
- ^ "Occupy London Stock Exchange attracts 9,000 followers on Facebook". Metro. 2011-10-12. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
A group called Occupy London Stock Exchange said a Facebook page about the protests had attracted more than 9,000 followers with more than 3,500 confirmed attendees. Campaigning organisations, including direct action group UK Uncut, confirmed they will support the action in the heart of the capital's financial centre on Saturday.
- ^ a b "Anti-corporate protests to hit London". The Sydney Morning Herald. AFP. 2011-10-12. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
Protests against corporate power that have taken hold in the US are to hit Britain on Saturday with a rally in front of the London Stock Exchange. Occupy London Stock Exchange (OccupyLSX) [...] is backed by British anti-austerity group UK Uncut, the London-based Assembly of the Spanish 15M movement and the People's Assemblies Network Global Day of Action.
- ^ a b c Davies, Caroline (16 October 2011). "Occupy London protest continues into second day". The Guardian. London.
- ^ "Stock exchange occupation blocked". WalesOnline. Wales. 15 October 2011.
- ^ 18/10/2011. "Occupy Nottingham - Nottingham Culture". Leftlion.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
{{cite web}}
:|author=
has numeric name (help) - ^ "Occupy Bristol activists set up camp". The Guardian. 16 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ Occupy Wall Street protests a warning: PM
External links
- Occupy Together
- Wiki Occupy
- www.15october.net
- Occupy Together Meetups Everywhere at Meetup
- occupytv
- National Student Protest Scheduled: 10/13/2011– List of participating colleges, from occupycolleges.org
- News media
- Occupy movement collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Occupy Wall Street collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Blodget, Henry (October 11, 2011). "Charts: Here's What The Wall Street Protesters Are So Angry About..." Business Insider. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
- "Occupy" photographs from around the nation– from the Denver Post
- Related websites