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! [[Egypt]]<ref>Luis et al. (2004), "[http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p000-0130.pdf The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations]."</ref> |
! [[Egypt]]<ref>Luis et al. (2004), "[http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p000-0130.pdf The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216123633/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p000-0130.pdf |date=2012-02-16 }}."</ref> |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Haplogroup P of Y-DNA}} |
{{Commons category|Haplogroup P of Y-DNA}} |
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*[https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html?card=my044 Spread of Haplogroup P], from [[The Genographic Project]], ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'' |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060320200344/https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html?card=my044 Spread of Haplogroup P], from [[The Genographic Project]], ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'' |
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Revision as of 21:11, 29 October 2017
Haplogroup P (K2b2) | |
---|---|
Possible time of origin | 35,000 years BP[1] |
Possible place of origin | Maritime South East Asia [2][3] |
Ancestor | K2b [4] |
Descendants | P1 (P-M45) and P2 (P-B253). (P1 is the immediate ancestor of haplogroups Q and R.) |
Defining mutations | P295/PF5866/S8, 92R7_1, 92R7_2, F91/PF5862/V231 |
Haplogroup P also known as P-P295 and K2b2 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics. P-P295 is a branch of K2b (previously Haplogroup MPS; P331) which is a branch of Haplogroup K2 (K-M526).
The only primary branches (clades) of P-P295 are P1 (P-M45) and P2 (P-B253).[1] P1 is, in turn, the parent node of Haplogroup Q (Q-M242) and Haplogroup R (R-M207).
Basal P* is found at its highest rate among members of the Aeta (or Agta), a people indigenous to Luzon, in The Philippines.[1] Luzon is also the only location where P*, P1* and rare P2 are now found together,[2] along with significant levels of K2b1.[5] Even though P1* is now more common among individuals in Eastern Siberia and Central Asia, the above distributions tend to suggest that P* (P295) emerged in South East Asia.[2][3]
The major subclades Haplogroups Q and R now include most males among Europeans, Native Americans, South Asians and Central Asians.
Structure
The subclades of Haplogroup P with their defining mutation, according to the 2016 ISOGG tree:[1]
- P (P295/PF5866/S8, 92R7_1, 92R7_2, F91/PF5862/V231)
Distribution
P* (P-P295*)
Basal P* (also known as P-P295*; K2b2*; PxM45, B253), has been reported among various groups in Island South East Asia and the South West Pacific. However, it is not always clear if these examples have been screened for P2 (P-B253).
P* is apparently found at very high levels among the Aeta (28% of males) and Timor (10.8%).[3]
Population | P* % |
---|---|
Papua New Guinea | 0.69 (assumed from Kayser et al. 2006 1 P* found)[3] |
New Zealand | 0 |
Fiji | 0 |
Solomon Islands | 0 |
French Polynesia | 0 |
Vanuatu | 0 |
New Caledonia | |
Guam | 0 |
Samoa | 0 |
Kiribati | |
Tonga | 0 |
Micronesia FDR | 0 |
Marshall Islands | 0 |
American Samoa | |
Northern Mariana Islands | |
Palau | |
Cook Islands | 0 |
Wallis and Futuna | 0 |
Tuvalu | 0 |
Nauru | |
Norfolk Island | |
Niue | 0 (small sample size) |
Tokelau | 0 (small sample size) |
Hawaii | 0 (small sample size from FTDNA) |
Australia | 0 |
Timor | 10.8 |
Aeta (Philippines) | 28 |
Austronesians (Philippines) | 0 |
Malay | 0 |
Flores | 0 |
Sulawesi | 0.6 |
East Indonesia | 0 |
Java Indonesia | 0 |
Bali Indonesia | 0 |
Sumatra Indonesia | 0 |
Borneo Indonesia | 0 |
West Papua Province | 0 |
Papua Province | 0 |
Sumba Indonesia | 03.2 |
P1 (P-M45)
Many ethnic groups with high frequencies of P1, also known as P-M45 and K2b2a, are located in Central Asia and Siberia: 35.4% among Tuvans, 28.3% among Altaian Kizhi,[6] and 35% among Nivkh males.
Modern South Asian populations also feature P1 at low to moderate frequencies.[7] In South Asia it is most frequent among the Muslims of Manipur (33%), but this may be due to a very small sample size (nine individuals). It is possible that many cases of P-M45* in South Asia and Central Asia are unresolved members of subclades such as Haplogroups R2 and Q.
Population group (with ethnolinguistic affiliation) | Paper | N | Percentage | SNPs Tested | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tuvinian (Turkic) | Darenko 2005 | 113 | 35.40 | P-M45 | |
Nivkh (isolate) | Lell 2001 | 17 | 35 | P-M45 | |
Altai-Kizhi (Altaians) (Turkic) | Darenko 2005 | 92 | 28.3 | P-M45 | |
Todjin (Turkic) | Darenko 2005 | 36 | 22.2 | P-M45 | |
Chukchi (Chukotkan) | Lell 2001 | 24 | 20.8 | P-M45 | |
Koryak (Chukotkan) | Lell 2001 | 27 | 18.5 | P-M45 | |
Yupik (Eskimo-Aleut) | Lell 2001 | 33 | 18.2 | P-M45 | |
Uighur (Turkic) | Xue 2006 | 70 | 17.1 | P-M45 | |
Kalmyk (Mongolic) | Darenko 2005 | 68 | 11.8 | P-M45 | |
Turkmen (Turkic) | Wells 2001 | 30 | 10 | P-M45 | |
Soyot (Turkic) | Darenko 2005 | 34 | 8.8 | P-M45 | |
Uriankhai (Mongolic) | Katoh 2004 | 60 | 8.3 | P-M45 | |
Khakas (Turkic) | Darenko 2005 | 53 | 7.6 | P-M45 | |
Kazakh (Turkic) | Wells 2001 | 54 | 5.6 | P-M45 | |
Uzbek (Turkic) | Wells 2001 | 366 | 5.5 | P-M45 | |
Khasi-Khmuic (Austro-Asiatic) | Reddy 2009 | 353 | 5.40 | P-M45(xM173) § | |
Munda (Austro-Asiatic) | Reddy 2009 | 64 | 10.90 | P-M45(xM173) § | |
Nicobarese (Mon-Khmer) | Reddy 2009 | 11 | 0.00 | P-M45(xM173) § | |
Southeast Asia (Austro-Asiatic) | Reddy 2009 | 257 | 1.60 | P-M45(xM173) § | |
Garo (Tibeto-Burman) | Reddy 2009 | 71 | 1.40 | P-M45(xM173) § | |
India (Tibeto-Burman) | Reddy 2009 | 226 | 3.10 | P-M45(xM173) § | |
East Asia (Tibeto-Burman) | Reddy 2009 | 214 | 0.00 | P-M45(xM173) § | |
Eastern India (Indo-European) | Reddy 2009 | 54 | 18.50 | P-M45(xM173) § | |
Iran (Southern Talysh) | Nasidze 2009 | 50 | 4.00 | P-M45(xM124, xM173) | |
Azerbaijan (Northern Talysh) | Nasidze 2009 | 40 | 5.00 | P-M45(xM124, xM173) | |
Mazandarani (Iranian) | Nasidze 2009 | 50 | 4.00 | P-M45(xM124, xM173) | |
Gilaki (Iranian) | Nasidze 2009 | 50 | 0.00 | P-M45(xM124, xM173) | |
Tehran (Iranian) | Nasidze 2004 | 80 | 4.00 | P-M45(xM124, xM173) | |
Isfahan (Iranian) | Nasidze 2004 | 50 | 6.00 | P-M45(xM124, xM173) | |
Bakhtiari (Iranian) | Nasidze 2008 | 53 | 2.00 | P-M45(xM124, xM173) | |
Iranian Arabs (Arabic) | Nasidze 2008 | 47 | 2.00 | P-M45(xM124, xM173) | |
North Iran (Iranian) | Regueiro 2006 | 33 | 9.00 | P-M45(xM124, xM173) | |
South Iran (Iranian) | Regueiro 2006 | 117 | 3.00 | P-M45(xM124, xM173) | |
South Caucacus (Georgian) | Nasidze and Stoneking 2001 | 77 | 3.00 | P-M45(xM124, xM173) | |
South Caucacus (Armenian) | Nasidze and Stoneking 2001 | 100 | 2.00 | P-M45(xM124, xM173) | |
Hvar (Croatian) | Barać et al. 2003 | 14 | |||
Korčula (Croatian) | Barać et al. 2003 | 6 |
§ These may include members of haplogroup R2.
Population group | N | P (xQ, xR) | Q | R | Paper | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | % | Count | % | Count | % | |||
Gope | 16 | 1 | 6.4 | Sahoo 2006 | ||||
Oriya Brahmin | 24 | 1 | 4.2 | Sahoo 2006 | ||||
Mahishya | 17 | 3 | 17.6 | Sahoo 2006 | ||||
Bhumij | 15 | 2 | 13.3 | Sahoo 2006 | ||||
Saora | 13 | 3 | 23.1 | Sahoo 2006 | ||||
Nepali | 7 | 2 | 28.6 | Sahoo 2006 | ||||
Muslims of Manipur | 9 | 3 | 33.3 | Sahoo 2006 | ||||
Himachal Pradesh Rajput | 15 | 1 | 6.7 | Sahoo 2006 | ||||
Lambadi | 18 | 4 | 22.2 | Sahoo 2006 | ||||
Gujarati Patel | 9 | 2 | 22.2 | Sahoo 2006 | ||||
Katkari | 19 | 1 | 5.3 | Sahoo 2006 | ||||
Madia Gond | 14 | 1 | 7.1 | Sahoo 2006 | ||||
Kamma Chowdary | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.7 | 12 | 80 | Sahoo 2006 |
Q
Near universal in the Kets (95%) of Siberia. Very common in pre-modern Native American populations, except for the Na-Dene peoples, where it reaches 50-90%. Also common, at 25-50% in Siberian populations such as the Nivks, Selkups, Tuvans, Chukchi, Siberian Eskimos, Northern Altaians, and in 30% of Turkmens.
R
The only discovered case of basal R* (i.e. one that does not belong to R1 or R2) is the Mal'ta Boy.
- R1
R1a
Continental | Country | Population | Sample | R1a1 [8] | R1a1* [9] | R1a1a [10] | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caucasus | Ossetians | North | 134 | NA | 0.00 | 0.75 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Estonia | 100 | NA | 0.00 | 35.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Romania | 335 | NA | 0.00 | 17.01 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Croatia | Krk (island) | 74 | NA | 0.00 | 36.49 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Croatia | Brac (island) | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 24.49 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Croatia | Hvar (island) | 91 | NA | 0.00 | 6.59 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Croatia | Korcula (island) | 134 | NA | 0.00 | 15.67 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Croatia | mainland | 108 | NA | 0.00 | 26.85 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Bosnia-Herzegovina | Herzegovina | 141 | NA | 0.00 | 12.06 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Kosovo | Albanians | 114 | NA | 0.00 | 3.51 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Serbia | 113 | NA | 0.00 | 18.58 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Republic of Macedonia | Macedonia | 79 | NA | 0.00 | 13.92 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Czech Republic | 53 | NA | 0.00 | 37.74 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Belarus | Brest | 97 | NA | 0.00 | 58.8 | Underhill et al. (2014) |
Europe | Belarus | 267 | NA | 0.00 | 54.7 | Underhill et al. (2014) | |
Europe | Belarus | 50 | NA | 0.00 | 42.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Russia | Russians | 39 | NA | 0.00 | 38.46 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Central Asia | Tajiks, Turkmens | 38 | NA | 0.00 | 7.89 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
North Asia | Russia | Tuvas | 104 | NA | 0.00 | 7.69 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
North Asia | Russia | Altaians | 58 | NA | 0.00 | 41.38 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Jammu Jharkhand | 61 | NA | 0.00 | 37.70 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Andhra-Pradesh Jharkhand | 19 | NA | 0.00 | 26.32 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Madhya-Pradesh Madhya-Pradesh | 54 | NA | 0.00 | 35.19 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Khatri-Punjab/Haryana | 15 | NA | 0.00 | 67.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Ahir-Punjab/Haryana | 24 | NA | 0.00 | 63.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Uttar-Pradesh Jharkhand | 171 | NA | 0.00 | 49.71 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Uttranchal Jharkhand | 21 | NA | 0.00 | 47.62 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | West-Bengal Chattishgarh | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 48.98 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Asur Maharashtra | 88 | NA | 0.00 | 5.68 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Ho Madhya-Pradesh | 45 | NA | 0.00 | 0.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Mawasi Orissa | 27 | NA | 0.00 | 3.70 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Mawasi Chattishgarh | 12 | NA | 0.00 | 8.33 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Mahali Orissa | 32 | NA | 0.00 | 9.38 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Santhal Meghalaya | 20 | NA | 0.00 | 10.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Birhor Meghalaya | 27 | NA | 0.00 | 3.70 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Birhor | 35 | NA | 0.00 | 2.86 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Baiga | 23 | NA | 0.00 | 8.70 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Baiga | 42 | NA | 0.00 | 2.38 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Kharia | 37 | NA | 0.00 | 5.41 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Savara | 21 | NA | 0.00 | 9.52 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Meghwal Rajasthan | 50 | NA | 0.00 | 30.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Garo | 25 | NA | 0.00 | 4.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Lohana Gujarat | 20 | NA | 0.00 | 60.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Khasi | 21 | NA | 0.00 | 4.76 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | Iran | 87 | NA | 0.00 | 10.34 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
South Asia | Pakistan | Sindhi | 134 | NA | 0.00 | 49.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Mohanna | 70 | NA | 0.00 | 71.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) |
Europe | Turkey | 89 | NA | 0.00 | 3.37 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Armenia | 25 | NA | 0.00 | 4.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Megrels | 67 | NA | 0.00 | 8.96 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Abkhazes | 162 | NA | 0.00 | 9.26 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Avars | 42 | NA | 0.00 | 2.38 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Chamalals | 27 | NA | 0.00 | 7.41 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Bagvalals | 28 | NA | 0.00 | 3.57 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Andis | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 2.04 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Lezgis | 31 | NA | 0.00 | 0.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Darginians | 68 | NA | 0.00 | 0.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Tabasarans | 43 | NA | 0.00 | 2.33 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Adyghes | 160 | NA | 0.00 | 11.25 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Karachays | 69 | NA | 0.00 | 27.54 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Kumyks | 76 | NA | 0.00 | 13.16 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Balkars | 136 | NA | 0.00 | 25.74 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Cherkessians | 126 | NA | 0.00 | 12.70 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Kabardians | 141 | NA | 0.71 | 13.48 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Abazas | 89 | NA | 0.00 | 19.10 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Nogays | 87 | NA | 0.00 | 12.64 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Karanogays | 77 | NA | 0.00 | 9.09 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Caucasus | Tats | 10 | NA | 0.00 | 0.00 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Crete | 193 | NA | 0.00 | 8.81 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Middle East | Oman | 121 | NA | 0.00 | 9.09 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Middle East | Iran | 150 | NA | 0.67 | 12.67 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Middle East | United Arab Emirates | 164 | NA | 0.00 | 7.32 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Turkey | 523 | NA | 0.00 | 6.88 | Underhill et al. (2009) | |
Europe | Lithuania | Aukštaičiai | 106 | 45.3 | NA | NA | Kasperaviciūte et al. (2005) |
Europe | Lithuania | Žemaičiai | 90 | 44.4 | NA | NA | Kasperaviciūte et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | North | 377 | 27.1 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | Middle | 317 | 31.5 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | West | 301 | 24.3 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | East | 493 | 26.8 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | Bergen | 93 | 28 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | Oslo | 109 | 19.3 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Norway | South | 76 | 13.2 | NA | NA | Dupuy et al. (2005) |
Europe | Spain/Portugal | large survey | 1140 | NA | 0.00 | 1.2 | Adams et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | Greeks | 92 | NA | 0.00 | 16.3 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | Macedonian Greeks | 57 | NA | 1.80 | 10.5 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Albania | 55 | NA | 0.00 | 9.1 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Bosnia | Serbs | 81 | NA | 0.00 | 13.6 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Bosnia | Bosniacs | 84 | NA | 0.00 | 15.5 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Bosnia | Croats | 90 | NA | 0.00 | 12.2 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Croatia | 89 | NA | 0.00 | 27.0 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Hungary | 53 | NA | 0.00 | 56.6 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Czech Republic | 75 | NA | 0.00 | 41.3 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Poland | 99 | NA | 0.00 | 56.6 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Ukraine | 92 | NA | 0.00 | 50.0 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Georgia | 66 | NA | 0.00 | 10.6 | Battaglia et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Russia | Balkarians | 38 | NA | 0.00 | 13.2 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Republic of Macedonia | Albanian language | 64 | NA | 0.00 | 1.6 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Croatia | Osijek | 29 | NA | 0.00 | 37.9 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Slovenia | Slovenians | 75 | NA | 0.00 | 38.70 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Europe | Italy | North East | 67 | NA | 0.00 | 10.4 | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
- | - | Ashkenazi Cohen | 76 | NA | 0.00 | 1.3 | Behar et al. (2003) |
- | - | Sephardi Cohen | 69 | NA | 0.00 | 5.8 | Behar et al. (2003) |
Europe | - | Ashkenazi Levite | 60 | NA | 0.00 | 51.7 | Behar et al. (2003) |
- | - | Sephardi Levite | 31 | NA | 0.00 | 3.2 | Behar et al. (2003) |
Middle East | Israel | Ashkenazi | 100 | NA | 0.00 | 4.0 | Behar et al. (2003) |
Middle East | Israel | Sephardi | 63 | NA | 0.00 | 1.6 | Behar et al. (2003) |
Europe | Germany | 88 | NA | 0.00 | 12.5 | Behar et al. (2003) | |
Europe | Norway | 83 | NA | 0.00 | 21.7 | Behar et al. (2003) | |
Europe | Germany | Sorbs | 112 | NA | 0.00 | 63.4 | Behar et al. (2003) |
Europe | Belarus | 306 | NA | 0.33 | 51.0 | Behar et al. (2003) | |
Europe | Spain | Spanish Basques | 42 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | British Crown | Channel Islands | 128 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Chippenham | 52 | NA | NA | 6.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Cornwall | 52 | NA | NA | 6.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Dorchester | 73 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Faversham | 55 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Midhurst | 80 | NA | NA | 1.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Morpeth | 95 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Norfolk | 121 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Penrith | 90 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Southwell | 70 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | Uttoxeter | 84 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | England | York | 46 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Denmark/Germany | Denmark/Schleswig-Holstein | 190 | NA | NA | 8.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Ireland | Castlerea | 43 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | British Crown | Isle of Man | 62 | NA | NA | 8.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Norway | 201 | NA | NA | 12.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) | |
Europe | Scotland | Orkney | 121 | NA | NA | 7.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Ireland | Rush, Dublin | 76 | NA | NA | 1.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Scotland | Durness | 51 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Scotland | Oban | 42 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Scotland | Pitlochry | 41 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Scotland | Stonehaven | 44 | NA | NA | 5.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Scotland | Western Isles | 88 | NA | NA | 3.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Scotland | Shetland | 63 | NA | NA | 6.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Wales | Haverfordwest | 59 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Wales | Llangefni | 80 | NA | NA | 1.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Wales | Llanidloes | 57 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Capelli et al. (2003) |
Europe | Turkey | 523 | NA | NA | 6.9 | Cinnioğlu et al. (2004) | |
Europe | Italy | Sicily | 236 | NA | NA | 5.5 | Di Gaetano et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | 77 | NA | NA | 15.6 | Firasat et al. (2007) | |
South Asia | Pakistan | Burusho | 97 | NA | NA | 25.8 | Firasat et al. (2007) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Kalash | 44 | NA | NA | 18.2 | Firasat et al. (2007) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Pathan (Pashtun) | 96 | NA | NA | 44.8 | Firasat et al. (2007) |
South Asia | Pakistan | 638 | NA | NA | 37.1 | Firasat et al. (2007) | |
South Asia | Nepal | Tharu Chitwan C. Terai 1 | 57 | NA | 0.00 | 10.5 | Fornarino et al. (2009) |
South Asia | Nepal | Tharu Chitwan C. Terai 2 | 77 | NA | 0.00 | 3.9 | Fornarino et al. (2009) |
South Asia | Nepal | Tharu Chitwan E. Terai | 37 | NA | 0.00 | 16.2 | Fornarino et al. (2009) |
South Asia | Nepal/India | Hindus (proxy for Indian ancestry) Chitwan, Nepal | 26 | NA | 0.00 | 69.2 | Fornarino et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Hindus New Delhi | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 34.7 | Fornarino et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Andhara Pradesh tribal | 29 | NA | 0.00 | 27.6 | Fornarino et al. (2009) |
Europe | Poland | 913 | NA | NA | 57.0 | Kayser et al. (2005) | |
Europe | Germany | 1215 | NA | NA | 17.9 | Kayser et al. (2005) | |
Europe | Germany | Berlin | 103 | NA | NA | 22.3 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Leipzig | 144 | NA | NA | 27.1 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Magdeburg | 100 | NA | NA | 21 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Rostock | 96 | NA | NA | 31.3 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Greifswald | 104 | NA | NA | 19.2 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Hamburg | 161 | NA | NA | 16.8 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Münster | 102 | NA | NA | 7.8 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Freiburg | 102 | NA | NA | 10.8 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Cologne | 96 | NA | NA | 15.6 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Mainz | 95 | NA | NA | 8.4 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Germany | Munich | 95 | NA | NA | 14.3 | Kayser et al. (2005) |
Europe | Greece | Nea Nikomedeia | 57 | NA | 0.00 | 21.1 | King et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | Sesklo/Dimini | 57 | NA | 0.00 | 10.5 | King et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | Lerna/Franchthi | 57 | NA | 0.00 | 1.8 | King et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | Crete | 193 | NA | 0.50 | 8.3 | King et al. (2008) |
Europe | Greece | Crete, Heraklion Prefecture | 104 | NA | 0.00 | 8.7 | Martinez et al. (2007) |
Europe | Greece | Crete, Lasithi Plateau | 41 | NA | 0.00 | 29.3 | Martinez et al. (2007) |
Europe | Greece | Crete, Lasithi Prefecture | 23 | NA | 0.00 | 17.4 | Martinez et al. (2007) |
Europe | Ukraine | 94 | NA | NA | 43.6 | Kharkov et al. (2004) | |
Europe | Belarus | 68 | NA | NA | 45.6 | Kharkov et al. (2005) | |
North Asia | Russia (Altai Republic) | Northern Altaians (Gorno-Altaisk) | 20 | NA | NA | 50.0 | Kharkov et al. (2007) |
North Asia | Russia (Altai Republic) | Northern Altaians (Kurmach-Baigol) | 11 | NA | NA | 18.2 | Kharkov et al. (2007) |
North Asia | Russia (Altai Republic) | Northern Altaians (Turochak) | 19 | NA | NA | 36.8 | Kharkov et al. (2007) |
North Asia | Russia (Altai Republic) | Southern Altaians (Beshpel'tir) | 43 | NA | NA | 58.1 | Kharkov et al. (2007) |
North Asia | Russia (Altai Republic) | Southern Altaians (Kulada) | 46 | NA | NA | 52.2 | Kharkov et al. (2007) |
North Asia | Russia (Altai Republic) | Southern Altaians (Kosh-Agach) | 7 | NA | NA | 28.6 | Kharkov et al. (2007) |
Europe | England | West Lancashire (2 gens) | 49 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Bowden et al. (2008) |
Europe | England | Wirral (2 gens[vague]) | 100 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Bowden et al. (2008) |
Europe | England | West Lancashire (medieval[citation needed]) | 42 | NA | NA | 16.7 | Bowden et al. (2008) |
Europe | England | Wirral (medieval[citation needed]) | 37 | NA | NA | 13.5 | Bowden et al. (2008) |
South Asia | India | South India, Chenchu | 41 | NA | NA | 26.8 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | India | South India, Koya | 41 | NA | NA | 2.4 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | India | West Bengal | 31 | NA | NA | 38.7 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | India | Konkanastha Brahmins, Bombay | 43 | NA | NA | 41.9 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | India | Gujarat | 29 | NA | NA | 24.1 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | India | Lambadi | 35 | NA | NA | 8.6 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | India | Punjab | 66 | NA | NA | 47.0 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
South Asia | Sri Lanka | Sinhalese | 39 | NA | NA | 12.8 | Kivisild et al. (2003) |
North Asia | Russia | Tuvan | 40 | NA | NA | 7.5 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Tofalar | 19 | NA | NA | 5.3 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Buryat | 13 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Yenisey Evenk | 31 | NA | NA | 9.7 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Okhotsk Evenk | 16 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Ulchi/Nanai | 53 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Upriver Negidal | 10 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Downriver Negidal | 7 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Ugedey | 20 | NA | NA | 5.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Nivkh | 17 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Kamchatka, Koryak | 27 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Kamchatka, Itel\'man | 18 | NA | NA | 22.2 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Chukotka, Chukchi | 24 | NA | NA | 4.2 | Lell et al. (2002) |
North Asia | Russia | Chukotka, Asiatic Eskimo | 33 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Lell et al. (2002) |
Caucasus | Russia | Abazinians | 14 | NA | NA | 14.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Chechenians | 19 | NA | NA | 5.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Darginians | 26 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Ingushians | 22 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Kabardinians | 59 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Lezgi (Dagestan) | 25 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Ossetians (Ardon) | 28 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Ossetians (Digora) | 31 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Russia | Rutulians | 24 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Georgia | Abkhazians | 12 | NA | NA | 33.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Armenia | Armenians | 100 | NA | NA | 6.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Azerbaijan | Azerbaijanians | 72 | NA | NA | 7.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Caucasus | Georgia | Georgians | 77 | NA | NA | 10.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Europe | Turkey | 39 | NA | NA | 13.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) | |
Middle East | Iran | Isfahan | 50 | NA | NA | 18.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
Middle East | Iran | Tehran | 80 | NA | NA | 20.0 | Nasidze et al. (2004) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Balti | 13 | NA | NA | 15.0 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Brahui | 110 | NA | NA | 8.2 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Burusho | 94 | NA | NA | 27.7 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Pakistan Hazara | 23 | NA | NA | 60.9 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Kalash | 44 | NA | NA | 9.1 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Pakistan Kashmiri | 12 | NA | NA | 25.0 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Makrani Baluch | 25 | NA | NA | 24.0 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Makrani Negroid | 33 | NA | NA | 18.2 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Pakistan Parsi | 90 | NA | NA | 26.7 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Pathan (Pashtun) | 93 | NA | NA | 10.8 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Pakistan Sindhi | 122 | NA | NA | 12.3 | Qamar et al. (2002) |
Europe | Albania | Albanian | 51 | NA | NA | 9.8 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | France | French Basque | 22 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Spain | Spanish Basque | 45 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Italy | Calabrian | 37 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Spain | Catalan | 24 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Italy | Central/Northern | 50 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Croatia | Croatian | 58 | NA | NA | 29.3 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Czech Republic/Slovakia | Czech/Slovak | 45 | NA | NA | 26.7 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Netherlands | Dutch | 27 | NA | NA | 3.7 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Georgia | Georgian | 63 | NA | NA | 7.9 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Germany | German | 16 | NA | NA | 6.2 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Greece | Greek | 76 | NA | NA | 11.8 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Hungary | Hungarian | 45 | NA | NA | 60.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Middle East | Lebanon | Lebanese | 31 | NA | NA | 9.7 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Republic of Macedonia | Macedonian | 20 | NA | NA | 35.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Poland | Polish | 55 | NA | NA | 56.4 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Saami | 24 | NA | NA | 8.3 | Semino et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Italy | Sardinian | 77 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Syria | Syrian | 20 | NA | NA | 10.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Turkey | Turkish | 30 | NA | NA | 6.6 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Asia | Russia | Udmurt | 43 | NA | NA | 37.2 | Semino et al. (2000) |
Europe | Ukraine | Ukrainian | 50 | NA | NA | 54.0 | Semino et al. (2000) |
South Asia | Pakistan | 85 | NA | NA | 16.5 | Sengupta et al. (2005) | |
South Asia | India | Rajput(Rajasthan) | 29 | NA | NA | 31.3 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | Pakistan | Southern | 91 | NA | NA | 31.9 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
Southeast Asia | Cambodia | 6 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Sengupta et al. (2005) | |
East Asia | China | 128 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Sengupta et al. (2005) | |
East Asia | Japan | 23 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Sengupta et al. (2005) | |
North Asia | Siberia | 18 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Sengupta et al. (2005) | |
South Asia | India | Tribe (Austro-Asiatic) | 64 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Tribe (Dravidian) | 18 | NA | NA | 2.8 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Tribe (Tibeto-Burman) | 87 | NA | NA | 4.6 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Tribe (Indo-European) | 21 | NA | NA | 19.1 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Dravidian Upper Caste | 59 | NA | NA | 28.8 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Dravidian Middle Caste | 85 | NA | NA | 11.8 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Dravidian Lower Caste | 29 | NA | NA | 24.1 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Indo-European Upper Caste | 86 | NA | NA | 45.4 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Indo-European Middle Caste | 48 | NA | NA | 50.4 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Indo-European Lower Caste | 50 | NA | NA | 26.0 | Sengupta et al. (2005) |
South Asia | India | Kashmiri Gujars | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 40.86 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Kashmiri Pandits | 51 | NA | 3.92 | 19.61 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Gujarat Brahmins | 64 | NA | 0.00 | 32.81 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Bihar Paswan | 27 | NA | 0.00 | 40.74 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Bihar Brahmins | 38 | NA | 0.00 | 60.53 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Himachal Pradesh Brahmin | 30 | NA | 0.00 | 47.37 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Indian Punjab Brahmins | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 35.71 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | West Bengal Brahmins | 30 | NA | 0.00 | 72.22 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Uttar Pradesh Brahmins | 31 | NA | 0.00 | 67.74 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Uttar Pradesh Kols | 38 | NA | 0.00 | 14.81 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Madhya Pradesh Saharia | 57 | NA | 22.8 | 28.07 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Madhya Pradesh Brahmins | 42 | NA | 0.00 | 38.1 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
South Asia | India | Maharashtra Brahmins | 32 | NA | 0.00 | 43.33 | Sharma et al. (2009) |
Europe | Moldova | Moldavians, Karahasan | 72 | NA | NA | 34.7 | Varzari (2006) |
Europe | Moldava | Moldavians Sofia, Moldava | 54 | NA | NA | 20.4 | Varzari (2006) |
Europe | Romania | Dniester-Carpathian | - | NA | NA | 20.4 | Varzari (2006) |
Europe | Ukraine | Ukrainians, Rashkovo | 53 | NA | NA | 41.5 | Varzari (2006) |
Europe | Moldava | Gagauzes, Kongaz | 48 | NA | NA | 12.5 | Varzari (2006) |
Europe | Ukraine | Gagauzes, Etulia | 41 | NA | NA | 26.8 | Varzari (2006) |
East Asia | China | Dongxiang (Mongolian descent) | 49 | 28.0 | Wang et al. (2003) | ||
East Asia | China | Salar (Central Asian Turkish descent[citation needed]) | 52 | NA | 17.0 | Wang et al. (2003) | |
East Asia | China | Bo\'an (Bonan) Mongolian descent | 47 | NA | 26.0 | Wang et al. (2003) | |
Caucasus | Armenia | Ararat | 44 | NA | 0.00 | 0.0 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Armenia/Georgia | \"Northern Armenians\" | 189 | NA | 0.53 | 4.2 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Armenia | Syunik (South Armenia) | 140 | NA | 0.00 | 9.3 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Azerbaijan/Armenia | Karabakh | 215 | NA | 0.00 | 5.6 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Middle East | Iran | Isfahan, New Julfa, (Armenian descent) | 56 | NA | 0.00 | 1.8 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Europe | Turkey | near Armenia | 90 | NA | 1.11 | 3.3 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Europe | Turkey | Istanbul University | 173 | NA | 0.00 | 10.4 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Azerbaijan | Baku | 29 | NA | 0.00 | 10.3 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Middle East | Syria | Damascus University | 44 | NA | 0.00 | 2.3 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Georgia | Tbilisi | 68 | NA | 0.00 | 4.4 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Europe | Greece | Athens | 132 | NA | 0.00 | 6.1 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Europe | Mongolia | soldiers mainly from Khalkh | 402 | NA | 0.00 | 2.5 | Weale et al. (2001) |
Europe | Hungary | 215 | NA | 1.40 | 24.2 | Völgyi et al. (2008) | |
Europe | Wales | North Wales | 98 | NA | NA | 1.0 | Weale et al. (2002) |
Europe | England | English Midlands | 136 | NA | NA | 4.4 | Weale et al. (2002) |
Europe | England | East Anglia | 173 | NA | NA | 4.6 | Weale et al. (2002) |
Europe | Netherlands | Friesland | 94 | NA | NA | 7.4 | Weale et al. (2002) |
Europe | Norway | 83 | NA | NA | 21.7 | Weale et al. (2002) | |
Europe | United Kingdom | British | 25 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Europe | Scotland | Orkney | 26 | NA | NA | 27.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Europe | Russia | Pomor | 28 | NA | NA | 36.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Europe | Russia | Russian, North | 49 | NA | NA | 43.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Asia | Russia | Russian, Tashkent | 89 | NA | NA | 47.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Europe | Russia | Kazan Tatar | 38 | NA | NA | 24.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Europe | Russia | Saami | 23 | NA | NA | 22.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Asia | Russia | Nenets | 54 | NA | NA | 11.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Middle East | Lebanon | 50 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Wells et al. (2001) | |
Middle East | Iran | Tehran | 24 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Middle East | Iran | Shiraz | 12 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Middle East | Iran | Esfahan | 16 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Georgia | Svans (Svanetians) | 25 | NA | NA | 8.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Georgia | Kazbegi | 25 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Georgia | South Ossetians | 17 | NA | NA | 6.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Azerbaijan | Lezgi in Azerbaijan | 12 | NA | NA | 8.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Azerbaijan | Azerbaijanians | 21 | NA | NA | 10.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Caucasus | Armenia | Armenians | 47 | NA | NA | 9.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Afghanistan | Pashtuns | 49 | NA | NA | 51.02 | Haber et al. (2012) |
Central Asia | Afghanistan | Tajiks | 56 | NA | NA | 30.36 | Haber et al. (2012) |
Central Asia | Afghanistan | Hazara | 60 | NA | NA | 6.66 | Haber et al. (2012) |
Central Asia | Afghanistan | Uzbeks | 17 | NA | NA | 17.64 | Haber et al. (2012) |
Central Asia | Afghanistan | Balochs | 13 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Haber et al. (2012) |
Central Asia | Afghanistan | Nuristanis | 5 | NA | NA | 60.0 | Haber et al. (2012) |
Central Asia | Turkmenistan | Turkmen | 30 | NA | NA | 7.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Turkmenistan | Turkmenistan Kurd | 17 | NA | NA | 12.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Sinte Romani | 15 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Iranian (Samarkand) | 53 | NA | NA | 11.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Tajik (Samarkand) | 40 | NA | NA | 25.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Arab Bukhara | 42 | NA | NA | 19.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Crimean Tartar | 22 | NA | NA | 32.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Karakalpak | 44 | NA | NA | 18.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Uzbek/ Kashkadarya | 19 | NA | NA | 16.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Uzbek/ Bukhara | 58 | NA | NA | 28.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Uzbek/ Surkhandarya | 68 | NA | NA | 29.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Uzbek/ Khorezm | 70 | NA | NA | 30.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Uzbek/ Tashkent | 43 | NA | NA | 28.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Uzbek/ Fergana Valley | 63 | NA | NA | 22.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Uzbekistan | Samarkand | 45 | NA | NA | 13.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Tajikistan | <<link:2>> (near Afghanistan) | 25 | NA | NA | 68.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Tajikistan | Bartangi | 30 | NA | NA | 40.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Tajikistan | Shugnan | 44 | NA | NA | 23.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Tajikistan | Yagnobi | 31 | NA | NA | 16.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Tajikistan | Tajiks/Panjikent | 22 | NA | NA | 64.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Tajikistan | Tajiks/Dushanbe | 16 | NA | NA | 19.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz | 52 | NA | NA | 63.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Kyrgyzstan | Dungan (Sino-Tibetan) | 40 | NA | NA | 10.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Kazakhstan | Kazakhs | 54 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
Central Asia | Kazakhstan | Uighur | 41 | NA | NA | 22.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
South Asia | India | South India Sourashtran | 46 | NA | NA | 39.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
South Asia | India | South India Kallar Dravidian | 84 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
South Asia | India | South India Yadhava | 129 | NA | NA | 13.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
North Asia | Russia | Tuvinian | 42 | NA | NA | 14.0 | Wells et al. (2001) |
North Asia | Mongolia | 24 | NA | NA | 4.0 | Wells et al. (2001) | |
East Asia | Korea | 45 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Wells et al. (2001) | |
East Asia | China | Liqian from Yongchang | 87 | NA | NA | 1.1 | Zhou et al. (2007) |
East Asia | China | Yugur from Su\'nan | 52 | NA | NA | 1.9 | Zhou et al. (2007) |
East Asia | China | Tibetan from Guide, Qinghai | 39 | NA | NA | 2.6 | Zhou et al. (2007) |
East Asia | China | Uygurs from Urumqi | 49 | NA | NA | NA | Zhou et al. (2007) |
Europe | Italy | Sardinia | 10 | 0.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | England | Cornwall | 51 | 0.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Spain | Basque | 26 | 0.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Portugal | Northern | 328 | 0.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
North Africa | Algeria | 27 | 0.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
North Africa | 129 | 0.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | ||
North Africa | Tunisia | Jerbian Arabs | 46 | NA | 4.3 | 4.3 | Ennafaa et al. (2011) |
Europe | Finland | 57 | 10.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Bulgaria | 24 | 12.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Netherlands | 84 | 13.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Germany | Bavarian | 80 | 15.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Sweden | Gotlander | 64 | 16.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Yugoslavian | 100 | 16.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Russia | Chuvash | 17 | 18.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Sweden | Northern | 48 | 19.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Romania | 45 | 20.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Iceland | 28 | 21.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Saami | 48 | 21.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Hungary | 36 | 22.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Estonia | 207 | 27.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Russia | Mari | 48 | 29.0 (Tambets disagrees) | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Ukraine | Ukraine | 27 | 30.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Germany | 30 | 30.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Norway | 52 | 31.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Lithuania | 38 | 34.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Slovenia | 70 | 37.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Czech Republic | 53 | 38.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Belarus | 41 | 39.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Latvia | 34 | 41.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Asia | Russia | 122 | 47.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Slovakia | 70 | 47.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Poland | 112 | 54.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Ireland | 57 | 1.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Ossetia | 47 | 2.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Cyprus | 45 | 2.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Italy | 99 | 2.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Spain | 126 | 2.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Portugal | Southern | 57 | 2.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Belgium | 92 | 4.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Turkey | 167 | 5.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | France | 40 | 5.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Georgia | 64 | 6.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Armenia | 89 | 6.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Denmark | 56 | 7.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Scotland | Western | 120 | 7.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Scotland | 43 | 7.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Greece | 36 | 8.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) | |
Europe | England | East Anglia | 172 | 9.0 | NA | NA | Rosser et al. (2000) |
Europe | Iceland | 181 | 23.8 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Norway | 112 | 17.9 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Sweden | 110 | 17.3 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Denmark | 12 | 16.7 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Ireland | 222 | 0.5 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Scotland | 61 | 6.6 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Britain | 32 | 9.4 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Germany | 32 | 9.4 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Greece | 42 | 4.8 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Italy | 332 | 2.7 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Asia | Russia | 30 | 43.3 | NA | NA | Helgason et al. (2000) | |
Europe | Estonia | 74 | 36.5 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) | |
Europe | Russia | Komi-Permiak | 42 | 23.8 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Russia | Russian (Perm) | 37 | 43.2 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Russia - Mordovia | Mordovian Erzya | 46 | 39.1 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Russia - Mordovia | Mordovian Moksi | 46 | 21.7 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Estonia | Estonia Russian | 26 | 26.9 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Ukraine | Ukrainian | 6 | 50.0 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Bulgaria | Bulgarian | 808 | 17.5 | NA | NA | Template:Karachanak et al. |
Europe | Turkey | Northeast Turkish | 11 | 18.2 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Turkey | Central Anatolian | 18 | 11.1 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Turkey | Southwest Turkish | 29 | 10.3 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Turkey | Southeast Turkish | 13 | 15.4 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Cyprus | Turkish Cypriots | 22 | 13.6 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Middle East | Talysh | 20 | 10.0 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) | |
Caucasus | Azerbaijan | Azeri | 24 | 12.5 | NA | NA | Malaspina et al. (2003) |
Europe | Croatia | Mainland | 108 | 34.3 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Bosnia-Herzogivina | Bosnians | 69 | 24.6 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Bosnia-Herzogivina | Herzogivinians | 141 | 12.1 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Serbia | Serbians | 113 | 15.9 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Kosova | Albanians | 114 | 4.4 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Republic of Macedonia | Macedonians | 79 | 15.2 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Republic of Macedonia | Romani | 57 | 1.8 | NA | NA | Pericic et al. (2005) |
Europe | Croatia | Mainland | 109 | 33.9 | NA | NA | Barać et al. (2003) |
Europe | Croatia | Krk | 74 | 28.0 | NA | NA | Barać et al. (2003) |
Europe | Croatia | Brač | 49 | 13.0 | NA | NA | Barać et al. (2003) |
Europe | Croatia | Hvar | 91 | 8.0 | NA | NA | Barać et al. (2003) |
Europe | Croatia | Korčula | 134 | 27.0 | NA | NA | Barać et al. (2003) |
Europe | Russia | North | 380 | 34.20 | NA | NA | Balanovsky et al. (2008) |
Europe | Russia | Central | 364 | 46.50 | NA | NA | Balanovsky et al. (2008) |
Europe | Russia | South | 484 | 55.40 | NA | NA | Balanovsky et al. (2008) |
Europe | Portugal | 553 | 1.27 | NA | NA | Gonçalves et al. (2005) | |
Europe | Sweden | Swedes | 141 | 18.4 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Estonia | Estonians | 209 | 33.5 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Latvia | Latvians | 86 | 38.4 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Mari | 111 | 47.7 (Rosser disagrees) | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Mordvin | 83 | 26.5 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Komi | 94 | 33 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Udmurt | 87 | 10.3 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Chuvash | 79 | 31.6 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Volga Tatars | 126 | 34.1 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | France | French | 61 | 0 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Hungary | Hungarians | 113 | 20.4 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Russia | Russians | 61 | 42.6 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Khant | 47 | 4.3 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Nganasan | 38 | 0 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Nenets | 148 | 0 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Selkup | 131 | 19.1 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Ket | 48 | 0 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Dolgan | 67 | 16.4 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Yakut | 155 | 1.9 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Buryat | 81 | 1.2 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Evenk | 96 | 1 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Evens | 31 | 6.5 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
North Asia | Russia | Altaians | 98 | 46.9 | NA | NA | Tambets et al. (2004) |
Europe | Norway | Norwegians | 72 | 23.6 | NA | NA | Passarino et al. (2002) |
Europe | Denmark | Danes | 194 | 16.5 | NA | NA | Sanchez et al. (2003) |
Europe | Turkey | Kurds Zazaki speakers | 27 | NA | NA | 25.9 | Nasidze et al. (2005) |
Europe | Turkey | Kurds Kurmanji speakers | 87 | NA | NA | 12.7 | Nasidze et al. (2005) |
Middle East | Iraq | Kurds | 95 | NA | NA | 11.6 | Brinkmann et al. (1999) |
Caucasus | Georgia | Kurds | 25 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Nasidze et al. (2005) |
Middle East | Jordan | Amman | 101 | NA | NA | 2.0 | Flores et al. (2005) |
Middle East | Jordan | Dead Sea | 45 | NA | NA | 0.0 | Flores et al. (2005) |
Middle East | Iraq | Baghdad, different ethnic groups | 139 | NA | NA | 6.5 | Al Zahery et al. (2003) |
Europe | Russia | Arkhangelsk | 28 | NA | 0.00 | 17.9 | Mirabal et al. (2009) |
North Asia | Russia | Khanty | 27 | NA | 0.00 | 14.8 | Mirabal et al. (2009) |
Europe | Russia | Izhenski Komi | 54 | NA | 0.00 | 29.6 | Mirabal et al. (2009) |
Europe | Russia | Priluzki Komi | 49 | NA | 0.00 | 32.7 | Mirabal et al. (2009) |
Europe | Russia | Kursk region Russian | 40 | NA | 0.00 | 52.5 | Mirabal et al. (2009) |
Europe | Russia | Tver region Russian | 38 | NA | 0.00 | 57.9 | Mirabal et al. (2009) |
- R1b
Continent | Population | #No. | Total% | R-P25* | R-V88 | R-M269 | R-M73 |
Africa | Northern Africa | 691 | 5.9% | 0.0% | 5.2% | 0.7% | 0.0% |
Africa | Central Sahel Region | 461 | 23.0% | 0.0% | 23.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Africa | Western Africa | 123 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Africa | Eastern Africa | 442 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Africa | Southern Africa | 105 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Europe | Western Europeans | 465 | 57.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 57.8% | 0.0% |
Europe | North western Europeans | 43 | 55.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 55.8% | 0.0% |
Europe | Central Europeans | 77 | 42.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 42.9% | 0.0% |
Europe | North Eastern Europeans | 74 | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.4% | 0.0% |
Europe | Russians | 60 | 6.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 6.7% | 0.0% |
Europe | Eastern Europeans | 149 | 20.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 20.8% | 0.0% |
Europe | South eastern Europeans | 510 | 13.1% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 12.9% | 0.0% |
Asia | Western Asians | 328 | 5.8% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 5.5% | 0.0% |
Asia | Southern Asians | 288 | 4.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.7% | 3.1% |
Asia | South eastern Asians | 10 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Asia | North eastern Asians | 30 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Asia | Eastern Asians | 156 | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 0.0% |
TOTAL | 5326 |
- R2
Haplogroup R2 is most common in South Asia and south Central Asia, as well as diaspora populations, such as the Romanis.
R2a
Tibeto-Burman | Austro-Asiatic | Dravidian | Indo-European | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tribe | 5.75% | 10.94% | 5.00% | - |
Lower Caste | - | - | 13.79% | 10.00% |
Middle Caste | - | - | 3.53% | 18.75% |
Upper Caste | - | - | 10.17% | 16.28% |
Count | Sample Size | R-M124 Frequency % | |
---|---|---|---|
UAE[11] | 8 | 217 | 3.69% |
Qatar[12] | 1 | 72 | 1.39% |
Kuwait[13] | 1 | 153 | 0.65% |
Yemen[12] | 1 | 104 | 0.96% |
Jordan[14] | 2 | 146 | 1.37% |
Lebanon[15] | 2 | 935 | 0.21% |
Palestine[16] | 1 | 49 | 2.04% |
Egypt[17] | 1 | 147 | 0.68% |
- R2b
R2b% | Population |
---|---|
10.3% | Burusho, |
6.8% | Kalash, |
1.0% | Pashtuns |
3.4% | Gujarat |
0.63% | Pakistan |
P2 (P-B253)
The Aeta (or Agta) people of Luzon, in The Philippines have also provided the only known samples of P2 (P-B253).[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e ISOGG, 2016, Y-DNA Haplogroup P and its Subclades – 2016 (20 June 2016).
- ^ a b c The island of Luzon, in the Philippines is the only known location of P2 (P-B253) and one of only a few locations for P*; it also features P1* (M45). See, for example: Tumonggor, Karafet et al., 2014, "Isolation, contact and social behavior shaped genetic diversity in West Timor", Journal of Human Genetics Vol. 59, No. 9 (September), pp. 494–503, and; E. Heyer et al., 2013, "Genetic Diversity of Four Filipino Negrito Populations from Luzon: Comparison of Male and Female Effective Population Sizes and Differential Integration of Immigrants into Aeta and Agta Communities", Human Biology, Vol. 85, Iss. 1, p. 201
- ^ a b c d Tatiana M Karafet et al. 2015, "Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia", European Journal of Human Genetics, No. 23, pp. 369–373.
- ^ http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2013/11/22/000802.1
- ^ That is, Haplogroup K2b1a and M [(K2b1d), are now dominant among males in Melanesia and are also significant in adjoining parts of Oceania and the Malay Archipelago.
- ^ Miroslava Derenko et al 2005, Contrasting patterns of Y-chromosome variation in South Siberian populations from Baikal and Altai-Sayan regions
- ^ Sahoo, S. (2006). "A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (4): 843. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507714103. PMC 1347984. PMID 16415161.
- ^ SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 not tested (%)
- ^ SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 negative (%)
- ^ SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 positive (%)
- ^ Alshamali et al. (2009), "Local Population Structure in Arabian Peninsula Revealed by Y-STR Diversity."
- ^ a b Cadenas et al. (2007), "Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman."
- ^ Mohammad et al. (2009), "Genetic structure of nomadic Bedouin from Kuwait."
- ^ Flores et al. (2005), "Isolates in a corridor of migrations: a high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variation in Jordan."
- ^ Zalloua, P. A.; Xue, Y; Khalife, J; Makhoul, N; Debiane, L; Platt, D. E.; Royyuru, A. K.; Herrera, R. J.; Hernanz, D. F.; Blue-Smith, J; Wells, R. S.; Comas, D; Bertranpetit, J; Tyler-Smith, C; Genographic, Consortium (April 2008). "Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (4): 873–82. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020. PMC 2427286. PMID 18374297.
- ^ Myres et al. (2010), "A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe."
- ^ Luis et al. (2004), "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations Archived 2012-02-16 at the Wayback Machine."
Sources
- Barać; et al. (2003). "Y chromosomal heritage of Croatian population and its island isolates" (PDF). European Journal of Human Genetics. 11 (7). doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200992. PMID 12825075.