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==Name of the surah== |
==Name of the surah== |
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[[Hamiduddin Farahi]] is a celebrated [[Islamic]] scholar of [[Indian subcontinent]] is known for his groundbreaking work on the concept of Nazm, or Coherence, in the Quran. He writes that Some sūrahs have been given names after some conspicuous words used in them.<ref>http://al-mawrid.org/books/Exordium%20to%20the%20Coherence%20in%20the%20Quran.pdf</ref>[[Jalaluddin Al-Suyuti]] co-author of the classical Sunni tafsīr known as [[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]] suggests that some of the sūrahs have been named using incipits (i.e. the first few words of the sūrah). The Surah has been so designated after the word ash-shams with which it opens. "The Surah has been so entitled after the word al `adiyat with which it opens." - [[Abul A'la Maududi]] a notable islamic scholar of the [[20th century]] thus concludes in his [[magnum opus]].<ref name="TAQ">'''[[Tafhim-ul-Quran]]'''</ref> |
[[Hamiduddin Farahi]] is a celebrated [[Islamic]] scholar of [[Indian subcontinent]] is known for his groundbreaking work on the concept of Nazm, or Coherence, in the Quran. He writes that Some sūrahs have been given names after some conspicuous words used in them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://al-mawrid.org/books/Exordium%20to%20the%20Coherence%20in%20the%20Quran.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-10-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613144620/http://al-mawrid.org/books/Exordium%20to%20the%20Coherence%20in%20the%20Quran.pdf |archivedate=2010-06-13 }}</ref>[[Jalaluddin Al-Suyuti]] co-author of the classical Sunni tafsīr known as [[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]] suggests that some of the sūrahs have been named using incipits (i.e. the first few words of the sūrah). The Surah has been so designated after the word ash-shams with which it opens. "The Surah has been so entitled after the word al `adiyat with which it opens." - [[Abul A'la Maududi]] a notable islamic scholar of the [[20th century]] thus concludes in his [[magnum opus]].<ref name="TAQ">'''[[Tafhim-ul-Quran]]'''</ref> |
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==Period of revelation== |
==Period of revelation== |
Revision as of 05:55, 29 June 2017
سورة العاديا Sūrat Al-ʿĀdiyāt The Coursers | |
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Classification | Meccan |
Other names | The Chargers, The Assaulters |
Position | Juzʼ 30 |
No. of verses | 11 |
Quran |
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Sūrat Al-ʿĀdiyāt (Arabic: سورة العاديات ) (The Courser, The Chargers) is the 100th sura of the Qur'an with 11 verses (ayat).
وَالْعَادِيَاتِ ضَبْحًا
فَالْمُورِيَاتِ قَدْحًا
فَالْمُغِيرَاتِ صُبْحًا
فَأَثَرْنَ بِهِ نَقْعًا
فَوَسَطْنَ بِهِ جَمْعًا
By the racers, panting [100:1]
And the producers of sparks [when] striking [100:2]
And the chargers at dawn, [100:3]
Stirring up thereby [clouds of] dust, [100:4]
Arriving thereby in the center collectively, [100:5]
Ibn 'Abbas, Mujahid, Ibrahim al-Nakhai, Abu Al-Jawza', Abu Al-`Aliyah, Abu Ad-Duha, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Muhammad bin Qays, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatāda, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Jābir ibn Zayd all said, "Al-Kanud[1] means ungrateful. Al-Hasan said, "Al-Kanud is the one who counts the calamities (that befall him) and he forgets Allah's favors.[2]
Name of the surah
Hamiduddin Farahi is a celebrated Islamic scholar of Indian subcontinent is known for his groundbreaking work on the concept of Nazm, or Coherence, in the Quran. He writes that Some sūrahs have been given names after some conspicuous words used in them.[3]Jalaluddin Al-Suyuti co-author of the classical Sunni tafsīr known as Tafsir al-Jalalayn suggests that some of the sūrahs have been named using incipits (i.e. the first few words of the sūrah). The Surah has been so designated after the word ash-shams with which it opens. "The Surah has been so entitled after the word al `adiyat with which it opens." - Abul A'la Maududi a notable islamic scholar of the 20th century thus concludes in his magnum opus.[4]
Period of revelation
Surahs in the Qur'an are not arranged in the chronological order of revelation[5] because the order of the wahy or chronological order of revelation is not a textual part of the Quran. Muhammad told his followers sahaba the placement in Quranic order of every Wahy revealed along with the original text of Quran.[6] Wm Theodore de Bary, an East Asian studies expert, describes that "The final process of collection and codification of the Quran text was guided by one over-arching principle: God's words must not in any way be distorted or sullied by human intervention. For this reason, no serious attempt, apparently, was made to edit the numerous revelations, organize them into thematic units, or present them in chronological order....".[7][8] The manuscript, or version, of the Quran we see today was compiled by Uthman, the third caliph (reign 644 to 656); a caliph being the political leader of a Caliphate (Islamic government).Before Uthman canonized the Quran there were different versions or codices, none of which exist today. These codices never gained general approval and were viewed by Muslims as the personal copies of individuals.[9] However, "the search for variants in the partial versions extant before the Caliph Uthman's alleged recension in the 640s has not yielded any differences of great significance".[10] Whether this Surah Al-Adiyat is a Makki or a Madani is disputed. But the subject matter of the Surah and its style clearly indicate that it is not only Makki, but was revealed in the early stage of Makkan period.[11] Abdullah bin Masud, Jabir, Hasan Basri, Ikrimah, and Ata say that it is Makki. Anas bin Malik, and Qatadah say that it is Madani; and from Ibn Abbas two views have been reported, first that it is a Makki Surah, and second that it is Madani. But the subject matter of the Surah and its style clearly indicate that it is not only Makki but was revealed in the earliest stage of Makkah.[4] So the surah is considered to be Meccan conclusively.[12]
Theme and Subject Matter
A one liner theme of surah al-adiyat would read that this surah gives an example that horses are more grateful to their owners than men are to their Rabb (Allah).[11]
- First five ayaat of the surah consist of an oath as a metaphor enforcing the lesson.[13] They describe a scene of horses charging, panting, producing sparks by their toes, raiding at the time of dawn, stirring up the cloud of dust and arriving a gathering.
- The substantive proposition is in verses 6-8 that Man is ungrateful to his Lord and himself is a witness to it and he is immoderate in the love of worldly good.[14]
- The last three ayaat conclude the surah with a rhetorical question that Does the man not know about the time when contents of the graves will be resurrected and that which is in men’s breasts shall be brought to light on that Day their Sustainer will show that He has always been fully aware of them.
The Virtue of Studying Surah Al-Adiyat
- On the virtue of reciting this Surah, Muhammad is narrated to have said: "He who recites this Surah will be rewarded ten good deeds as many as the number of the people who stay at Muzdalafah (Mash'ar, Sacred Monument) and gather witnessing it.”[15]
- Another tradition from sixth Shia Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq says: "He who recites Surah 'Adiyat and continues reciting it Allah will raise him up with Amir-al-Mo'mineen Ali ibn Abi Talib, on Doomsday and he will be with him and his companions.”
- Some narrations denote that the virtue of reciting this Surah is as much as the virtue of reciting half of the Qur'an.[16]
It is clear, without any explanation, that all these excellences are for those who believe in its contents thoroughly and act accordingly.
References
- ^ "The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Word by Word Grammar, Syntax and Morphology of the Holy Quran".
- ^ Tafsir ibn kathir https://ar.wikisource.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ Robinson, Neal (2003). Discovering the Qur'an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text (PDF). Georgetown University Press. pp. 25–97. ISBN 1589010248.
- ^ Israr Ahmed – Bayan-ul-Quran – Introduction
- ^ Approaches to the Asian Classics, Irene Bloom, Wm Theodore de Bary, Columbia University Press, 1990, p. 65 ISBN 9780231070058
- ^ Eastern Canons.
- ^ Esack, Farid (2005). The Qur'an: A User's Guide. Oxford England: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1851683543.
- ^ F. E. Peters, The Quest of the Historical Muhammad, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Aug.,1991), p. 293
- ^ a b Source: Malik Al-Qur'an Translation Translator : Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik Edition : First, Hardback Published : 1997 Publisher : The Institute of Islamic Knowledge, Houston, Texas, USA
- ^ http://www.bombaxo.com/chronsurs.html
- ^ Source: Yusuf Ali Al-Qur'an Translation Edition : First, Hardback Publisher : Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- ^ Mohammed, A Comprehensive Commentary on the Quran: Comprising Sale’s Translation and preliminary Discourse, with Additional Notes and Emendations (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co., 1896). 4 vols.
- ^ Majma'-al-Bayan. vol. 10, p. 527.
- ^ Durr-al-Manthur, vol. 6, p. 383.