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{{Expert-subject|Education|date=November 2008}} |
{{Expert-subject|Education|date=November 2008}} |
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'''Free education''' refers to [[education]] that is funded through taxation, or charitable organizations rather than tuition fees. Although [[primary school]] and other [[comprehensive school|comprehensive]] or [[compulsory education]] is free in many countries, for example, all education is mostly free (often not including books (from primary) and a number of administrative and sundry fees in university) |
'''Free education''' refers to [[education]] that is funded through taxation, or charitable organizations rather than tuition fees. Although [[primary school]] and other [[comprehensive school|comprehensive]] or [[compulsory education]] is free in many countries, for example, all education is mostly free (often not including books (from primary) and a number of administrative and sundry fees in university) includinAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHre solely taught in Norwegian.<ref>http://www.uio.no/english/studies/admission/bachelor/</ref> Master degree programmes in Norway are offered in either Norwegian or English depending on the programme and/or university.<ref>http://www.uio.no/english/studies/admission/master/</ref> [[Sweden]], until recently, provided free education to foreign students but changes have been introduced to charge fees to foreign students from outside of the [[European community]].<ref>http://www.hsv.se/lawsandregulations/theswedishhighereducationact.4.5161b99123700c42b07ffe3956.html#svid4</ref> [[Denmark]] also has universal free education, and provides a monthly stipend, the "Statens Uddannelsesstøtte" or "SU",<ref>http://www.su.dk/</ref> to students over 18 years of age or students who are under 18 and attending a [[higher education]].<ref>http://www.su.dk/Nyheder/Sider/Nuogs%C3%A5SUtilungeunder18.aspx</ref> Bachelor and master degree programmes in Denmark are offered in either Danish or English depending on the programme and/or university.<ref>http://AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHhhwww.sdu.dk/en/Uddannelse/Bachelor</ref> [[Education in Greece|Greece]] and [[Education in Argentina|Argentina]] provide free education at all levels, including college and university. |
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== Countries== |
== Countries== |
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[[Sri Lanka]] is the only country that has 100% free education to all citizens since 1948. Free education in Sri Lanka expands from primary education to University level.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0n-sH8Q2jq4</ref> |
[[Sri Lanka]] is the only country that has 100% free education to all citizens since 1948. Free education in Sri Lanka expands from primary education to University level.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0n-sH8Q2jq4</ref> |
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AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH |
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In [[Brazil]], free education is offered by the Ministry of Education. The Ministry offers scholarships for graduate degrees, masters, doctoral and post-doctoral for Brazilians and immigrants who have Brazilian citizenship. The best universities and research centers are public institutions, financed by either the local state (state universities) or the federal government (federal universities). Graduate students can get paid if they qualify for the incentive but competition is extremely fierce. There has been a proliferation in the last 10 years of private universities which are interested in providing professional training to their undergraduates. These private colleges are not interested in nurturing research centers, since it is not part of their business model to get involved with research. |
In [[Brazil]], free education is offered by the Ministry of Education. The Ministry offers scholarships for graduate degrees, masters, doctoral and post-doctoral for Brazilians and immigrants who have Brazilian citizenship. The best universities and research centers are public institutions, financed by either the local state (state universities) or the federal government (federal universities). Graduate students can get paid if they qualify for the incentive but competition is extremely fierce. There has been a proliferation in the last 10 years of private universities which are interested in providing professional training to their undergraduates. These private colleges are not interested in nurturing research centers, since it is not part of their business model to get involved with research. |
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As of the start of many free internet-based learning institutions such as [[edX]] and [[mitX]], education is now free to anyone in the world with internet access.<ref>http://www.collegeclasses.com/edx-to-launch-free-online-courses/</ref> In many countries, the policy for the [[merit system]] has not yet caught up with these recent advances in education technology. |
As of the start of many free internet-based learning institutions such as [[edX]] and [[mitX]], education is now free to anyone in the world with internet access.<ref>http://www.collegeclasses.com/edx-to-launch-free-online-courses/</ref> In many countries, the policy for the [[merit system]] has not yet caught up with these recent advances in education technology. |
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==List of countries with free post-secondary education== |
==List of countries with free post-secondary education==AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHhh] |
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This is not a complete list, and only countries discussed in the article are mentioned. |
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*[[Algeria]] |
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*[[Argentina]] |
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*[[Bhutan]] |
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*[[Brazil]] |
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*[[Cuba]] |
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*[[Denmark]] |
*[[Denmark]] |
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*[[Ecuador]] |
*[[Ecuador]] |
Revision as of 18:00, 3 December 2013
Free education refers to education that is funded through taxation, or charitable organizations rather than tuition fees. Although primary school and other comprehensive or compulsory education is free in many countries, for example, all education is mostly free (often not including books (from primary) and a number of administrative and sundry fees in university) includinAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHre solely taught in Norwegian.[1] Master degree programmes in Norway are offered in either Norwegian or English depending on the programme and/or university.[2] Sweden, until recently, provided free education to foreign students but changes have been introduced to charge fees to foreign students from outside of the European community.[3] Denmark also has universal free education, and provides a monthly stipend, the "Statens Uddannelsesstøtte" or "SU",[4] to students over 18 years of age or students who are under 18 and attending a higher education.[5] Bachelor and master degree programmes in Denmark are offered in either Danish or English depending on the programme and/or university.[6] Greece and Argentina provide free education at all levels, including college and university.
Countries
Sri Lanka is the only country that has 100% free education to all citizens since 1948. Free education in Sri Lanka expands from primary education to University level.[7] AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH In Brazil, free education is offered by the Ministry of Education. The Ministry offers scholarships for graduate degrees, masters, doctoral and post-doctoral for Brazilians and immigrants who have Brazilian citizenship. The best universities and research centers are public institutions, financed by either the local state (state universities) or the federal government (federal universities). Graduate students can get paid if they qualify for the incentive but competition is extremely fierce. There has been a proliferation in the last 10 years of private universities which are interested in providing professional training to their undergraduates. These private colleges are not interested in nurturing research centers, since it is not part of their business model to get involved with research.
In Sri Lanka, free education is provided by the government at different levels. Government funded schools such as national schools, provincial schools and piriven provided primary and secondary education free, while assisted schools and semi-governmental schools provided the same at subsidized rates. At the university level, the state universities provide undergraduate courses free, however this totals only about 10% for those qualified for university entrance. Grants and scholarships are provided for a limited number as study allowances.
Elsewhere, free education usually comes to students in the form of scholarships and grants, if they cover all or most of students' expenses. Individuals, institutions and advocacy initiatives are examples of providers of grants and scholarships. They may have economic (e.g. tax-deductibility), humanitarian, charitable or religious motivations.
There are examples of steps towards free education being taken across the world primarily in those nations developing rapidly, such as China.[8] In some developing countries like Sri Lanka, education is free from the primary level to the tertiary level. The renowned centers of learning in Libya and Cuba may be attended free of charge.
In Mauritius, the government provides free education to its citizens from pre-primary to tertiary levels. Since July 2005, the government also introduced free transport for all students.
In European countries such as Spain, France and Italy, tuition is usually free for European students.
Table of Countries with Free Education
Country | Free Primary School | Free Secondary School | Free University | Free Text Books | Free Uniforms | Free Public Transport | Free Education Since |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sri Lanka | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | 1948 |
Brazil | YES | YES | ?? | ?? | ?? | ?? | ?? |
Mauritius | YES | YES | YES | ?? | ?? | ?? | 2005 |
History
Free education has long been identified with "sponsored education". This may now evoke images of advertising campaigns, but in the past, especially during the Renaissance, it was common practice among rich dignitaries to sponsor the education of a young man as his patron.[citation needed]
In the late 18th century, Thomas Paine was amongst the earliest proponents of universal, free public education, which was considered to be a radical idea at the time.
In the United States, the government's compulsory education was introduced as free or universal education during the late 19th century, and extended across the country by the 1920s.
Compulsory education is typically funded through taxes. Aggravated truancy can be prosecuted. Homeschooling, private or parochial schooling is usually a legal alternative.
As of the start of many free internet-based learning institutions such as edX and mitX, education is now free to anyone in the world with internet access.[9] In many countries, the policy for the merit system has not yet caught up with these recent advances in education technology.
==List of countries with free post-secondary education==AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHhh]
- Denmark
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Greece
- Italy
- India
- Iran
- Ireland
- Malta
- Mauritius
- Morocco
- Norway
- Oman
- Pakistan
- Russia
- Saudi Arabia
- Scotland
- Spain
- Sri Lanka
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Turkey
- Barbados
- Kenya
- United Arab Emirates
- Uruguay
- Venezuela
Free education on the Internet
Online education has become an option in recent years, particularly with the development of free massive open online courses from providers such as Khan Academy (High School) and Higher Education, through providers such as Udacity, World Education University - WEU and Coursera. Free education has become available through several websites with some resembling the courses of study of accredited universities. Online education faces barriers such as institutional adoption, license or copyright restrictions, incompatibility and educator awareness of available resources.[10]
Due to the extensive requirements of resources for online education, many open community projects have been initiated. Specifically, the Wikimedia Foundation has developed a project devoted to free online educational resources, Wikiversity, and recently, several other sites for specific topics have developed. MyMCAT[11] was designed as a free community project to aid students wishing to take the MCAT.
See also
- Education Index
- Global Text
- Libre Knowledge
- Open education
- Open educational resources
- Open source curriculum
- Right to education
- Tuition freeze
- Tuition payments
- Wikibooks
- National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts
References
- ^ http://www.uio.no/english/studies/admission/bachelor/
- ^ http://www.uio.no/english/studies/admission/master/
- ^ http://www.hsv.se/lawsandregulations/theswedishhighereducationact.4.5161b99123700c42b07ffe3956.html#svid4
- ^ http://www.su.dk/
- ^ http://www.su.dk/Nyheder/Sider/Nuogs%C3%A5SUtilungeunder18.aspx
- ^ http://AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHhhwww.sdu.dk/en/Uddannelse/Bachelor
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0n-sH8Q2jq4
- ^ BBC NEWS | Asia-Pacific | China ends school fees for 150m
- ^ http://www.collegeclasses.com/edx-to-launch-free-online-courses/
- ^ http://www.capetowndeclaration.org/read-the-declaration
- ^ http://www.mymcat.com