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[[File:VBrPOactsite.png|thumb|Active site of the enzyme vanadium bromoperoxidase, which produces most of the earth's [[organobromine compound]]s.]] |
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'''Vanadium bromoperoxidase''' |
'''Vanadium bromoperoxidase''' are a kind of [[haloperoxidase]]s that is involved in the [[bromination]] of organic compounds associated with defense and pigmentation in seaweeds and marine algae. These enzymes produce the bulk of [[organobromine compound]]s in the world. |
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Vanadium bromoperoxidase are one of the few classes of enzymes that require the transition metal [[vanadium]]. The active site features a vanadium oxide site attached to the protein via one histidine side chain and a collection of hydrogen bonds to the oxide ligands.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal = Natural Product Reports|year = 2004|volume = 21|issue = 1|pmid = 15039842|doi = 10.1039/b302337k|title = The role of vanadium bromoperoxidase in the biosynthesis of halogenated marine natural products|first = Alison|last = Butler|coauthors = Carter-Franklin, Jayme N.|pages = 180–8}}</ref> |
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==Occurrence and function== |
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Vanadium bromoperoxidases have been found in bacteria, fungi, and marine macroalgae (seaweeds) which produce brominated compounds. It has not been definitively identified as the bromoperoxidase of higher eukaryotes, such as [[Murex]] snails, which have a very stable and specific bromoperoxidase, but perhaps not a vanadium dependent one.<ref>PMID 19363038 Review of vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidases in nature </ref> |
Vanadium bromoperoxidases have been found in bacteria, fungi, and marine macroalgae (seaweeds) which produce brominated compounds. It has not been definitively identified as the bromoperoxidase of higher eukaryotes, such as [[Murex]] snails, which have a very stable and specific bromoperoxidase, but perhaps not a vanadium dependent one.<ref>PMID 19363038 Review of vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidases in nature </ref> |
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The enzymes catalyses the bromination hydrocarbons (symbolized as R-H in the following equation): |
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The enzymes catalyses the oxidation of [[bromide]] ions by [[hydrogen peroxide]], which results in the specific bromination of certain eletrophilic organic substrates. The enzyme will form [[singlet oxygen]] in the absence of the appropriate organic substrates. |
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:R-H + Br<sup>-</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> → R-Br + H<sub>2</sub>O + OH<sup>-</sup> |
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Hydrogen peroxide and bromide (which occurs naturally in the oceans) are the substrates. The enzyme produces Br+, which brominates the organic substrates. The bromoperoxidase produce an estimated 1–2 million tons of [[bromoform] and 56,000 tons of [[bromomethane]] annually.<ref>Gordon W. Gribble “The diversity of naturally occurring organobromine compounds” Chemical Society Reviews, 1999, volume 28, pages 335 – 346.{{DOI|10.1039/a900201d}}</ref> Most of the earth's [[organobromine compound]]s, accounting arise by the action of this enzyme. The enzyme will form [[singlet oxygen]] in the absence of the appropriate organic substrates. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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*{{Cite journal| journal = Natural Product Reports | year = 2004 | volume = 21 | pages =180–188 | doi = 10.1039/b302337k | title = The role of vanadium bromoperoxidase in the biosynthesis of halogenated marine natural products |
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| first = Alison | last = Butler | coauthors = Catter-Facklin, Jayen M. | pmid = 15039842 | issue = 1}} |
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{{PDB|1qhb}} |
{{PDB|1qhb}} |
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Revision as of 18:16, 15 September 2013
Vanadium bromoperoxidase are a kind of haloperoxidases that is involved in the bromination of organic compounds associated with defense and pigmentation in seaweeds and marine algae. These enzymes produce the bulk of organobromine compounds in the world.
Vanadium bromoperoxidase are one of the few classes of enzymes that require the transition metal vanadium. The active site features a vanadium oxide site attached to the protein via one histidine side chain and a collection of hydrogen bonds to the oxide ligands.[1]
Occurrence and function
Vanadium bromoperoxidases have been found in bacteria, fungi, and marine macroalgae (seaweeds) which produce brominated compounds. It has not been definitively identified as the bromoperoxidase of higher eukaryotes, such as Murex snails, which have a very stable and specific bromoperoxidase, but perhaps not a vanadium dependent one.[2]
The enzymes catalyses the bromination hydrocarbons (symbolized as R-H in the following equation):
- R-H + Br- + H2O2 → R-Br + H2O + OH-
Hydrogen peroxide and bromide (which occurs naturally in the oceans) are the substrates. The enzyme produces Br+, which brominates the organic substrates. The bromoperoxidase produce an estimated 1–2 million tons of [[bromoform] and 56,000 tons of bromomethane annually.[3] Most of the earth's organobromine compounds, accounting arise by the action of this enzyme. The enzyme will form singlet oxygen in the absence of the appropriate organic substrates.
References
- ^ Butler, Alison (2004). "The role of vanadium bromoperoxidase in the biosynthesis of halogenated marine natural products". Natural Product Reports. 21 (1): 180–8. doi:10.1039/b302337k. PMID 15039842.
{{cite journal}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ PMID 19363038 Review of vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidases in nature
- ^ Gordon W. Gribble “The diversity of naturally occurring organobromine compounds” Chemical Society Reviews, 1999, volume 28, pages 335 – 346.doi:10.1039/a900201d