Consonants
|
IPA |
Thai alphabet |
Tai Tham |
English approximation
|
b
|
บ |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Lanna-23.png/20px-Lanna-23.png) |
abash
|
d
|
ฎ, ด |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lanna-17.png/20px-Lanna-17.png) |
ado
|
f
|
ฝ, ฟ |
,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lanna-28.png/20px-Lanna-28.png) |
food
|
h
|
ห, ฮ |
, ,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lanna-41.png/20px-Lanna-41.png) |
head
|
j
|
ย, อย, หย |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Lanna-44.png/20px-Lanna-44.png) |
yak
|
k
|
ก |
,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lanna-4.png/20px-Lanna-4.png) |
scan
|
kʰ
|
ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ |
, , ,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Lanna-6.png/20px-Lanna-6.png) |
car
|
l
|
ล, ฬ, หล |
, ,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lanna-39.png/20px-Lanna-39.png) |
leaf
|
m
|
ม, หม |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lanna-30.png/20px-Lanna-30.png) |
much
|
n
|
ณ, น, หน |
,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lanna-22.png/20px-Lanna-22.png) |
not
|
ŋ
|
ง, หง |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Lanna-7.png/20px-Lanna-7.png) |
bang
|
ɲ
|
ญ |
,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lanna-31.png/20px-Lanna-31.png) |
canyon
|
p
|
ป |
,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lanna-27.png/20px-Lanna-27.png) |
span
|
pʰ
|
ผ, พ, ภ |
,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lanna-29.png/20px-Lanna-29.png) |
pan
|
r
|
ร, หร |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lanna-32.png/20px-Lanna-32.png) |
Trilled right
|
s
|
ฉ, ช, ฌ, ซ, ศ, ษ, ส |
, , , , ,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lanna-37.png/20px-Lanna-37.png) |
sue
|
t
|
ฏ, ต |
, ,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lanna-20.png/20px-Lanna-20.png) |
stable
|
tʰ
|
ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ |
, , ,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lanna-21.png/20px-Lanna-21.png) |
table
|
tɕ
|
จ |
,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lanna-10.png/20px-Lanna-10.png) |
question
|
w
|
ว, หว |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lanna-34.png/20px-Lanna-34.png) |
way
|
x[1]
|
ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ |
, , ,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Lanna-6.png/20px-Lanna-6.png) |
Scottish loch
|
ʔ
|
อ, ะ |
,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lanna-aq.png/10px-Lanna-aq.png) |
the catch in uh-oh
|
|
Tones
|
IPA |
Description
|
aː = āː
|
mid [aː˧]
|
àː
|
low falling [aː˨˩] or [aː˩]
|
âː
|
high falling [aː˥˩]
|
a᷇ː
|
high-mid falling [aː˥˧]
|
áː
|
high rising [aː˦˥] or[aː˥]
|
ǎː
|
low rising [aː˨˥]
|
|
Vowels
|
IPA |
Thai Alphabet[2] |
Tai Tham script |
English approximation
|
Short vowels
|
a
|
◌ะ, ◌ั◌ |
, |
cut
|
e
|
เ◌ะ, เ◌็◌ |
◌ , ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lanna-e.png/10px-Lanna-e.png) |
roughly like say
|
ɛ
|
แ◌ะ, แ◌็◌ |
◌ , ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Lanna-ae.png/20px-Lanna-ae.png) |
roughly like bat
|
i
|
◌ิ, ◌ิ◌ |
, ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Lanna-Pali-i.png/20px-Lanna-Pali-i.png) |
happy
|
o
|
โ◌ะ, ◌◌ |
◌ ,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lanna-kong.png/10px-Lanna-kong.png) |
go without u sound (shorter)
|
ɔ
|
เ◌าะ, ◌็อ◌ |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Lanna-o.png/20px-Lanna-o.png) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Lanna-or-in.png/20px-Lanna-or-in.png) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lanna-aq.png/10px-Lanna-aq.png) |
off
|
u
|
◌ุ, ◌ุ◌ |
,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lanna-Pali-u.png/20px-Lanna-Pali-u.png) |
loot (shorter)
|
ɯ
|
◌ึ, ◌ึ◌ |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lanna-ue.png/20px-Lanna-ue.png) |
good
|
ɤ
|
เ◌อะ |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lanna-e.png/10px-Lanna-e.png) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lanna-oe-in.png/20px-Lanna-oe-in.png) |
roughly like hurt (shorter)
|
Long vowels
|
aː
|
◌า, ◌า◌ |
,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lanna-aa-luang.png/20px-Lanna-aa-luang.png) |
bra
|
eː
|
เ◌, เ◌◌ |
◌,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lanna-Pali-e.png/20px-Lanna-Pali-e.png) |
play
|
ɛː
|
แ◌, แ◌◌ |
◌ |
roughly like man
|
iː
|
◌ี, ◌ี◌ |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Lanna-ii.png/20px-Lanna-ii.png) |
green
|
oː
|
โ◌, โ◌◌ |
◌, ◌![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Lanna-aa.png/10px-Lanna-aa.png) |
go without u sound
|
ɔː
|
◌อ, ◌อ◌ |
,![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Lanna-or-in.png/20px-Lanna-or-in.png) |
dog
|
uː
|
◌ู, ◌ู, |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Lanna-uu.png/20px-Lanna-uu.png) |
moon
|
ɯː
|
◌ือ, ◌ื◌ |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Lanna-ueue.png/20px-Lanna-ueue.png) |
good (longer)
|
ɤː
|
เ◌อ, เ◌ิ◌ |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lanna-e.png/10px-Lanna-e.png) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lanna-oe-in.png/20px-Lanna-oe-in.png) |
roughly like fur
|
Diphthongs
|
iaʔ, iəʔ
|
เ◌ียะ |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lanna-e.png/10px-Lanna-e.png) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lanna-sat.png/20px-Lanna-sat.png) |
No English equivalent
|
ia, iə
|
เ◌ีย, เ◌ีย◌ |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lanna-e.png/10px-Lanna-e.png) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lanna-sat.png/20px-Lanna-sat.png) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lanna-medial-y.png/20px-Lanna-medial-y.png) |
idea
|
uaʔ, uəʔ
|
◌ัวะ |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lanna-ua.png/20px-Lanna-ua.png) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lanna-aq.png/10px-Lanna-aq.png) |
No English equivalent
|
ua, uə
|
◌ัว, ◌ว◌ |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lanna-ua.png/20px-Lanna-ua.png) |
poor (British English)
|
ɯaʔ, ɯəʔ
|
เ◌ือะ |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lanna-e.png/10px-Lanna-e.png) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lanna-oe-in.png/20px-Lanna-oe-in.png) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lanna-aq.png/10px-Lanna-aq.png) |
No English equivalent
|
ɯa, ɯə
|
เ◌ือ, เ◌ือ◌ |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lanna-e.png/10px-Lanna-e.png) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lanna-oe-in.png/20px-Lanna-oe-in.png) |
No English equivalent
|
|