Lionheart0317 (talk | contribs) As per the talk page, Richardson's (2011) Magna Charta Ancestry work contains errors with its Bonville pedigree, making it an unreliable source for the stated relationship of Philippa to William, 1st Barron Bonville. The most recent and reliable source for the Bonville pedigree is Dr. Glen's (2015) work. |
Lionheart0317 (talk | contribs) As per the talk page and recent research, Philippa being the daughter of William, 1st Baron Bonville is less probable and more certain as of 2018. |
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*Firstly, by contract dated 12 December 1414, to [[Margaret Grey de Ruthyn|Margaret Grey]], daughter of the [[Marcher Lord]] [[Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn]] by his wife Margaret de Ros,<ref>Weis, Frederick Lewis. ''The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215''. third ed. (1985): p. 16 [Line 22-10] (author states, "Robert Behra, El Paso, Tex., has identified the wife of Sir William, Lord Bonville, as Margaret, dau. of Reginald, 3rd Lord Grey of Ruthyn, and Margaret de Ros.").</ref> daughter of [[Thomas de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros]] by his wife, Beatrice de Stafford. They had one son and three daughters:<ref>Faris. ''Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-Century Colonists''. 2nd ed. (1999): p. 37 [see BONVILLE 9]: (author states, "MARGARET GREY, was married, with marriage contract dated 12 Dec. 1414, to WILLIAM BONVILLE, Knt., K.G., of Chewton Mendip, Somerset, Sheriff of Devonshire, M.P. for Somerset and Devonshire ... They had one son and three daughters.").</ref><ref> |
*Firstly, by contract dated 12 December 1414, to [[Margaret Grey de Ruthyn|Margaret Grey]], daughter of the [[Marcher Lord]] [[Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn]] by his wife Margaret de Ros,<ref>Weis, Frederick Lewis. ''The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215''. third ed. (1985): p. 16 [Line 22-10] (author states, "Robert Behra, El Paso, Tex., has identified the wife of Sir William, Lord Bonville, as Margaret, dau. of Reginald, 3rd Lord Grey of Ruthyn, and Margaret de Ros.").</ref> daughter of [[Thomas de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros]] by his wife, Beatrice de Stafford. They had one son and three daughters:<ref>Faris. ''Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-Century Colonists''. 2nd ed. (1999): p. 37 [see BONVILLE 9]: (author states, "MARGARET GREY, was married, with marriage contract dated 12 Dec. 1414, to WILLIAM BONVILLE, Knt., K.G., of Chewton Mendip, Somerset, Sheriff of Devonshire, M.P. for Somerset and Devonshire ... They had one son and three daughters.").</ref><ref> |
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Glenn, Justin. ''The Washingtons: A Family History: Volume Three: Royal Descents of the Presidential Branch''. (2015): p. 179 (author states, “Elizabeth Bonville (third daughter of William Bonville and his first wife Margaret Grey) …”)</ref> |
Glenn, Justin. ''The Washingtons: A Family History: Volume Three: Royal Descents of the Presidential Branch''. (2015): p. 179 (author states, “Elizabeth Bonville (third daughter of William Bonville and his first wife Margaret Grey) …”)</ref> |
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**Philippa Bonville (living 1464),<ref>[http://www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/fines/abstracts/CP_25_1_294_74.shtml#20 Abstracts of Feet of Fines: CP 25/1/294/74, number 20.] ''County'': Cornwall. Devon. ''Place'': Westminster. ''Date'': The day after the Purification of the Blessed Mary, 3 Edward IV [3 February 1464]. ''Parties'': John Sydenham of Colmestoke and William Pomeray, querents, and John Almyscombe and Philippe, his wife, deforciants...</ref> |
**Philippa Bonville (living 1464),<ref>[http://www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/fines/abstracts/CP_25_1_294_74.shtml#20 Abstracts of Feet of Fines: CP 25/1/294/74, number 20.] ''County'': Cornwall. Devon. ''Place'': Westminster. ''Date'': The day after the Purification of the Blessed Mary, 3 Edward IV [3 February 1464]. ''Parties'': John Sydenham of Colmestoke and William Pomeray, querents, and John Almyscombe and Philippe, his wife, deforciants...</ref>{{efn|There is conflicting evidence regarding Philippa's relationship to William Bonville. Two early sources differ: a [[Heraldic visitation]] of 1620 states that she was his sister,<ref>Vivian, ''The Visitation of the County of Cornwall in the year 1620''. (1874), p. 8.</ref> but [[William Pole (antiquarian)|William Pole]] (1561-1635) recorded that she was his daughter.<ref>Pole, p. 387.</ref> Scholars continue to disagree which is correct, see for example [[J. S. Roskell|Roskell]], 1992,<ref name=RP /> and [[Douglas Richardson|Richardson]], 2011.<ref name=R255 /> However, while William Pole was compiling pedigrees of [[West Country]] families by 1604 as evident from his letter published on pp. iv-vi of the introduction to his ''Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon'', he would subsequently comment on the many errors found in the 1620 Visitation of the County of Cornwall-Grenville pedigree (or Heraldic visitation of 1620). Additionally, Weis' third and earlier editions of ''The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215'' stated that Philippa was the daughter of William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville. Moreover, recent 21st century (2018) research into medieval [[heraldry]] from the mid-15th century gives clear evidence that Philippa was in fact the daughter of William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville.<ref>Edmondson. ''A Complete Body of Heraldry''. Vol. I. (1780): p. 179.</ref>}} She married twice, firstly after 12 May 1427, to William Grenville,<ref name=RP>Roskell. (BONVILLE): (author states, "These ties were to be strengthened by the marriage of Bonville's son and heir, William, to Lord Harrington's only child, and of two of his daughters, Philippa and Margaret, respectively to William Grenville ... and William Courtenay ...")</ref> (died c. 1450), of Bideford, Devon and Kilkhampton, Cornwall.<ref>Weis, Frederick Lewis. ''The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215''. third ed. (1985): p. 16 [Line 22-10] (author states, "William Grenville of Biddeford, d. c. 1451; m. Philippa, dau. of William Bonville, K.G., Lord Bonville, of Chewton-Mendip, near Wells Somerset.").</ref> Her second marriage, by 1451, was to John Almescombe.<ref>Granville, Roger, M.A., (Rector of Bideford). ''The History of the Granville Family Traced Back to Rollo, First Duke of the Normans, with Pedigrees etc''. (1895): [see genealogical chart, A Pedigree of the Granville family] (author states, “(1) Thomasine, dau. of John Cole = William de Grenville, Esquire, ob. 1448. = (2) Philippa, dau. of William, Lord Bonville, of Chuton; she m. (2) John de Almescombe.”).</ref> |
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**William Bonville, Esq., (died 30 December 1460), who married Elizabeth Harington.<ref name=HOP1/> |
**William Bonville, Esq., (died 30 December 1460), who married Elizabeth Harington.<ref name=HOP1/> |
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**Margaret Bonville (died before July 1487), wife of [[Sir William Courtenay]] (c. 1428 – September 1485) of [[Manor of Powderham|Powderham]] (Bonville's ally against the latter's cousin the Earl of Devon of [[Tiverton Castle]]).<ref name=HOP1/> |
**Margaret Bonville (died before July 1487), wife of [[Sir William Courtenay]] (c. 1428 – September 1485) of [[Manor of Powderham|Powderham]] (Bonville's ally against the latter's cousin the Earl of Devon of [[Tiverton Castle]]).<ref name=HOP1/> |
Revision as of 20:52, 11 August 2018
William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville | |
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![]() Arms of Bonville: Sable, six mullets argent pierced gules [1] | |
Born | 12 or 31 August 1392 [2] Shute Manor, Shute, Devon |
Died | 18 February 1461 Second Battle of St Albans (by execution) |
Noble family | Bonville |
Spouse(s) | Margaret Grey Elizabeth Courtenay |
Issue | Philippa Bonville William Bonville Margaret Bonville Elizabeth Bonville John Bonville (illegitimate) |
Father | Sir John Bonville |
Mother | Elizabeth FitzRoger |
William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville (12 or 31 August 1392 – 18 February 1461), K.G., of Shute, Devon, was an English nobleman, soldier, and administrator. He was a staunch Yorkist during the Wars of the Roses, and was executed following the Lancastrian victory at the Second Battle of St Albans by order of King Henry VI's Queen Consort, Margaret of Anjou.
Origins
Coming from an old West Country family, William Bonville, K.G., first Lord Bonville was born at Shute Manor in Devon, the elder son of Sir John Bonville (c. 1371 – 21 October 1396) and his wife Elizabeth FitzRoger (15 August 1370 – 10 April 1414).[3] His date of birth is uncertain: in 1413 he was said to be baptised on 31 August 1392 shortly after birth,[4] but in 1414 this was changed to 12 August 1391.[5] He had a younger brother Thomas and one sister, Isabel.[6][2] After his father's death in 1396, his mother married Richard Stucley (died 1441), of Ridgewell in Essex, Member of Parliament for Sussex, with whom she had two sons, Roger and Hugh.[7]
Inheritances
As Bonville's father, Sir John Bonville, had predeceased his own father, Lord Bonville was heir to his grandfather, Sir William Bonville I (c.1332-1408), when the latter died on 14 February 1408. He was also heir to his mother, Elizabeth FitzRoger, at her death.[3]
Career
Bonville was knighted before 1417 during the campaigns in France of King Henry V.[3] He was Knight of the Shire for Somerset in 1421, and for Devon in 1422, 1425 and 1427. In 1423 he was appointed by the king as Sheriff of Devon. He was Seneschal of Aquitaine at various times from 1442 to 1453, and Governor of Exeter Castle from 1453 to 1461. In 1443, Lord Bonville was retained to serve King Henry VI for a one-year term and in 1449 was retained to serve the King at sea. He was summoned to Parliament from 10 March 1449 to 30 July 1460 by writs directed, for the most part, Willelmo Bonville domino Bonville et de Chuton ("To William Bonville, lord of Bonville and Chewton"), by which he is held to have become 1st Baron Bonville.[2]
Battle of Clyst Heath
In 1441 riots resulted from a dispute over the Duchy of Cornwall between Lord Bonville and Thomas Courtenay, 13th Earl of Devon, and on 14 December 1455 the two sides fought the Battle of Clyst Heath near Exeter, which resulted in the defeat of Lord Bonville, the sacking of Shute and injury to a number of persons.[2]
Wars of the Roses
Bonville was to all outward appearances loyal to King Henry VI during the Wars of the Roses until he joined the Yorkist side at the Battle of Northampton in July 1460. Both his son, William Bonville, Esq., and his grandson, William Bonville, 6th Baron Harington, were slain on 30 December 1460 during the Battle of Wakefield. On 8 February 1461, he was nominated to the Order of the Garter.[2]
Death
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/MargaretAnjou.jpg/220px-MargaretAnjou.jpg)
Less than two months later in February 1461 the Yorkists suffered another defeat at the Second Battle of St Albans, where Lord Bonville and another Yorkist, Sir Thomas Kyriel, were taken prisoner by the victorious Lancastrians. The two men had kept guard over King Henry VI during the battle to see that he came to no harm. The King had been held in captivity by Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and transported in the train of the latter's army, but had been abandoned on the battlefield. In return for their gallantry the King promised the two men immunity.[8] However Queen Margaret, who was present at the battle, remembered that Lord Bonville had been one of the men who had held King Henry in custody after the Battle of Northampton in July 1460, and wanted revenge. Disregarding the King's promise of immunity, she gave orders for the beheading of Lord Bonville and Sir Thomas Kyriel the next day, 18 February 1461.[8] It is alleged that she put the men on trial and appointed as presiding judge her seven-year-old son, Prince Edward. "Fair son", Margaret is said to have inquired, "what death shall these knights die?" The young prince replied that they were to have their heads cut off, an act which was swiftly carried out, despite the King's pleas for mercy.[8]
Succession
Bonville was not attainted, as within three weeks of his death the Yorkist King Edward IV came to the throne. Lord Bonville's widow, Elizabeth, was assigned a substantial dower in recognition of his services to the Yorkist cause.[9] The Barony passed suo jure to his great-granddaughter, Cecily Bonville, the seven-and-a-half-month-old daughter of his grandson, William Bonville, 6th Baron Harington, who had already succeeded suo jure to the Barony of Harington following the death of her father at Wakefield on 30 December 1460.[10] In the space of little more than six weeks Cecily Bonville thus became the wealthiest heiress in England, having inherited the vast Bonville and Harington estates. She became a royal ward and on 18 July 1474, by order of King Edward IV, she was married to Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset, the eldest son of Elizabeth Woodville, then the king's wife, by her first marriage to Sir John Grey of Groby.
Marriages and children
Bonville married twice:
- Firstly, by contract dated 12 December 1414, to Margaret Grey, daughter of the Marcher Lord Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn by his wife Margaret de Ros,[11] daughter of Thomas de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros by his wife, Beatrice de Stafford. They had one son and three daughters:[12][13]
- Philippa Bonville (living 1464),[14][a] She married twice, firstly after 12 May 1427, to William Grenville,[17] (died c. 1450), of Bideford, Devon and Kilkhampton, Cornwall.[20] Her second marriage, by 1451, was to John Almescombe.[21]
- William Bonville, Esq., (died 30 December 1460), who married Elizabeth Harington.[2]
- Margaret Bonville (died before July 1487), wife of Sir William Courtenay (c. 1428 – September 1485) of Powderham (Bonville's ally against the latter's cousin the Earl of Devon of Tiverton Castle).[2]
- Elizabeth Bonville (died 14 February 1491), wife of Sir William Tailboys (c. 1416 – 26 May 1464), de jure Baron Kyme.[2]
- Secondly Bonville married, about 9 October 1427, to Elizabeth Courtenay (died 24 October 1471), the widow of John Harington, 4th Baron Harington (d. 11 February 1418), and daughter of Edward de Courtenay, 11th Earl of Devon (died 5 December 1419).[2] They had no issue.
With a mistress Elizabeth,[22][23] daughter of Alexander Kirkby and his wife Isabel Tunstall, he had an illegitimate son John Bonville, Esq., (died 7 May 1499), who married Alice, daughter of William Dennys and his wife Joan St. Aubyn, and had a son and six daughters, including Cecily, who first married Thomas Wivell, of Crediton, and secondly Maurice Moore of Moorehayes in Cullompton.[24]
Residences and landholdings
Bonville's principal residence was at the manor of Chewton Mendip, Somerset. He held lands and estates in the counties of Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Kent, Leicestershire (including the manor of Great Glen), Lincolnshire, Somerset, Sussex (including Merston), and Wiltshire. Without doubt, Bonville ranked among the very wealthiest landowners of the West Country.[2]
Notes
- ^ There is conflicting evidence regarding Philippa's relationship to William Bonville. Two early sources differ: a Heraldic visitation of 1620 states that she was his sister,[15] but William Pole (1561-1635) recorded that she was his daughter.[16] Scholars continue to disagree which is correct, see for example Roskell, 1992,[17] and Richardson, 2011.[18] However, while William Pole was compiling pedigrees of West Country families by 1604 as evident from his letter published on pp. iv-vi of the introduction to his Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, he would subsequently comment on the many errors found in the 1620 Visitation of the County of Cornwall-Grenville pedigree (or Heraldic visitation of 1620). Additionally, Weis' third and earlier editions of The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215 stated that Philippa was the daughter of William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville. Moreover, recent 21st century (2018) research into medieval heraldry from the mid-15th century gives clear evidence that Philippa was in fact the daughter of William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville.[19]
References
- ^ Burke's General Armory 1884, p. 99
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Roskell. (BONVILLE)
- ^ a b c Cokayne (1912), p. 218.
- ^ William Bonevyle 130 Writ for proof of age 14 October 1413 Proof of age, Honiton 31 October 1413 http://www.history.ac.uk/cipm-20-part-ii
- ^ William Bonevyle 131 Writ for proof of age, 14 May 1414 Proof of age, Shute 9 June 1414 http://www.history.ac.uk/cipm-20-part-ii
- ^ Rogers. The Strife of the Roses & Days of the Tudors in the West. (1890): pp. 43–44. "John Bonville, ... , married Elizabeth, only child and heiress of John Fitz-Roger... John Bonville had two sons, William eldest and heir, Thomas, and one daughter Isabel."
- ^ Roskell. The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1386-1421. Vol. 2. (1992). [biog. of STYUECLE, Richard (d.1440/1)]: “m. between Nov. 1396 and Jan. 1398, Elizabeth (c.1372-10 Apr. 1414), da. and h. of John Fitzroger of Chewton and Merston, wid. of John (d.v.p. 1396), 1st. s. of Sir William Bonville I (d.1408) of Shute, Devon, at least 2s. 1da."
- ^ a b c Costain, p. 305
- ^ Cokayne (1912), pp. 218–19
- ^ Cokayne (1912), p. 219.
- ^ Weis, Frederick Lewis. The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215. third ed. (1985): p. 16 [Line 22-10] (author states, "Robert Behra, El Paso, Tex., has identified the wife of Sir William, Lord Bonville, as Margaret, dau. of Reginald, 3rd Lord Grey of Ruthyn, and Margaret de Ros.").
- ^ Faris. Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-Century Colonists. 2nd ed. (1999): p. 37 [see BONVILLE 9]: (author states, "MARGARET GREY, was married, with marriage contract dated 12 Dec. 1414, to WILLIAM BONVILLE, Knt., K.G., of Chewton Mendip, Somerset, Sheriff of Devonshire, M.P. for Somerset and Devonshire ... They had one son and three daughters.").
- ^ Glenn, Justin. The Washingtons: A Family History: Volume Three: Royal Descents of the Presidential Branch. (2015): p. 179 (author states, “Elizabeth Bonville (third daughter of William Bonville and his first wife Margaret Grey) …”)
- ^ Abstracts of Feet of Fines: CP 25/1/294/74, number 20. County: Cornwall. Devon. Place: Westminster. Date: The day after the Purification of the Blessed Mary, 3 Edward IV [3 February 1464]. Parties: John Sydenham of Colmestoke and William Pomeray, querents, and John Almyscombe and Philippe, his wife, deforciants...
- ^ Vivian, The Visitation of the County of Cornwall in the year 1620. (1874), p. 8.
- ^ Pole, p. 387.
- ^ a b Roskell. (BONVILLE): (author states, "These ties were to be strengthened by the marriage of Bonville's son and heir, William, to Lord Harrington's only child, and of two of his daughters, Philippa and Margaret, respectively to William Grenville ... and William Courtenay ...")
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
R255
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Edmondson. A Complete Body of Heraldry. Vol. I. (1780): p. 179.
- ^ Weis, Frederick Lewis. The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215. third ed. (1985): p. 16 [Line 22-10] (author states, "William Grenville of Biddeford, d. c. 1451; m. Philippa, dau. of William Bonville, K.G., Lord Bonville, of Chewton-Mendip, near Wells Somerset.").
- ^ Granville, Roger, M.A., (Rector of Bideford). The History of the Granville Family Traced Back to Rollo, First Duke of the Normans, with Pedigrees etc. (1895): [see genealogical chart, A Pedigree of the Granville family] (author states, “(1) Thomasine, dau. of John Cole = William de Grenville, Esquire, ob. 1448. = (2) Philippa, dau. of William, Lord Bonville, of Chuton; she m. (2) John de Almescombe.”).
- ^ Pole, p. 132.
- ^ Risdon, Tristram. Survey of Devon, 1810 edition, p.39.
- ^ Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L. (1895), The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, p. 103
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Sources
- Edmondson, Joseph, Esq., F.S.A. A Complete Body of Heraldry. Vol. I. (London, 1780).
- Pole, Sir William (died 1635), Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, Sir John-William de la Pole (ed.), London, 1791.
- Rogers, W.H. Hamilton. The Strife of the Roses and Days of the Tudors in the West. (Exeter, 1890).
- Granville, Roger, M.A., (Rector of Bideford). The History of the Granville Family Traced Back to Rollo, First Duke of the Normans, with Pedigrees etc. (Exeter, 1895).
- Cokayne, George Edward. The Complete Peerage edited by Vicary Gibbs. Vol. II. (London: St Catherine Press, 1912). Pages 218–9 on archive.org
- Dalton, John, M.A., F.S.A. The Collegiate Church of Ottery St Mary. (Cambridge, 1917).
- Costain, Thomas B. The Last Plantagenets. (New York: Popular Library, 1962).
- Weis, Frederick Lewis. The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215. third ed. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1985)
- Roskell, J. S. The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1386–1421. Vol. 2. (Stroud: Alan Sutton Publishing, 1992): pp. 284–288 "BONVILLE, Sir William II (1392-1461), of Chewton-Mendip, Som. and Shute, Devon."
- Faris, David. Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-Century Colonists. 2nd ed. (Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1999).
- Glenn, Justin. The Washingtons: A Family History: Volume Three: Royal Descents of the Presidential Branch. (El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Publishing, 2015).
- Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. pp. 253–7. ISBN 1449966373
Further reading
- Hoskins, W. G. A New Survey of England: Devon. (Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles (Publishers) Ltd., 1972).
- Pedigree of Bonville, Notes and Queries
- Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. pp. 30–1. ISBN 1449966381
- Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. IV (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. pp. 163–4. ISBN 1460992709