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{{tq|The traditional gender assignments for some medical conditions leading to DSDs are as follows: assignment of female gender for 46,XX DSD resulting from fetal androgen exposure, CAIS, and 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis; assignment of male gender for 46,XY cloacal exstrophy; '''assignment of male or female gender for''' PAIS, '''5a-reductase deficiency''', ketoreductase deficiency, 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis, MGD and ovotesticular DSD. [...] Patients with PAIS, 5a-reductase and ketoreductase deficiency, partial gonadal dysgenesis, and MGD may be female or predominantly female at birth and generally are raised as females, but they change their social sex to male at puberty. Sex assignment is more problematic in this group.}} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3184510/] {{tq|A prevalence of around 60% of gender changes has been reported in individuals who were raised as female [...] For those patients raised as females, the rationale of hormonal therapy is the development of female sexual characteristics.}} [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42000-018-0013-9]. {{tq|Affected 46, XY individuals are therefore often raised as girls. At puberty all affected individuals show some or a severe degree of virilization often resulting in deepening of the voice, an increased muscle mass, growth of the penis, scrotal development, testicular descent and '''sometimes''' leading to a gender change}} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK279028/]. Source also has a terminological note: {{tq|XY disorders of sex development (XY, DSD; '''formerly''' named male pseudohermaphroditism)}} (indicating the terminology from 1974 is obsolete). {{tq|The overall rate of gender change from female to male ranged from 16% to 70%. The lowest rate of gender change from female to male occurred in Turkey and the highest in Brazil. External genitalia virilization was similar between those who changed and those who kept their assigned gender}} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167369/]. {{tq|... male gender identity does not necessarily rep-resent the rule in these subjects}} [https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01193-w]. |
{{tq|The traditional gender assignments for some medical conditions leading to DSDs are as follows: assignment of female gender for 46,XX DSD resulting from fetal androgen exposure, CAIS, and 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis; assignment of male gender for 46,XY cloacal exstrophy; '''assignment of male or female gender for''' PAIS, '''5a-reductase deficiency''', ketoreductase deficiency, 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis, MGD and ovotesticular DSD. [...] Patients with PAIS, 5a-reductase and ketoreductase deficiency, partial gonadal dysgenesis, and MGD may be female or predominantly female at birth and generally are raised as females, but they change their social sex to male at puberty. Sex assignment is more problematic in this group.}} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3184510/] {{tq|A prevalence of around 60% of gender changes has been reported in individuals who were raised as female [...] For those patients raised as females, the rationale of hormonal therapy is the development of female sexual characteristics.}} [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42000-018-0013-9]. {{tq|Affected 46, XY individuals are therefore often raised as girls. At puberty all affected individuals show some or a severe degree of virilization often resulting in deepening of the voice, an increased muscle mass, growth of the penis, scrotal development, testicular descent and '''sometimes''' leading to a gender change}} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK279028/]. Source also has a terminological note: {{tq|XY disorders of sex development (XY, DSD; '''formerly''' named male pseudohermaphroditism)}} (indicating the terminology from 1974 is obsolete). {{tq|The overall rate of gender change from female to male ranged from 16% to 70%. The lowest rate of gender change from female to male occurred in Turkey and the highest in Brazil. External genitalia virilization was similar between those who changed and those who kept their assigned gender}} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167369/]. {{tq|... male gender identity does not necessarily rep-resent the rule in these subjects}} [https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01193-w]. |
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[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02348.x Nicoletti ''et al.'' (2005)]: uses {{tq|karyotypic males}} but {{tq|raised as females}} and {{tq|reared as males}} (gender as the unqualified sense?) |
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[https://europepmc.org/article/med/10718838 Vilchis ''et al.'' (2000)]: {{tq|karyotypic males}} |
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[https://doi.org/10.1515/JPEM.2002.15.4.411 Öcal ''et al.'' (2002)]: {{tq|karyotypic males}}, also {{tq|genetic males}} and {{tq|genetic females}} and {{tq|They were raised as female, but at pubertal age they prefer male gender.}} |
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==Menand== |
==Menand== |
Revision as of 05:43, 15 July 2021
Drafts and such:
The traditional gender assignments for some medical conditions leading to DSDs are as follows: assignment of female gender for 46,XX DSD resulting from fetal androgen exposure, CAIS, and 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis; assignment of male gender for 46,XY cloacal exstrophy; assignment of male or female gender for PAIS, 5a-reductase deficiency, ketoreductase deficiency, 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis, MGD and ovotesticular DSD. [...] Patients with PAIS, 5a-reductase and ketoreductase deficiency, partial gonadal dysgenesis, and MGD may be female or predominantly female at birth and generally are raised as females, but they change their social sex to male at puberty. Sex assignment is more problematic in this group.
[1] A prevalence of around 60% of gender changes has been reported in individuals who were raised as female [...] For those patients raised as females, the rationale of hormonal therapy is the development of female sexual characteristics.
[2]. Affected 46, XY individuals are therefore often raised as girls. At puberty all affected individuals show some or a severe degree of virilization often resulting in deepening of the voice, an increased muscle mass, growth of the penis, scrotal development, testicular descent and sometimes leading to a gender change
[3]. Source also has a terminological note: XY disorders of sex development (XY, DSD; formerly named male pseudohermaphroditism)
(indicating the terminology from 1974 is obsolete). The overall rate of gender change from female to male ranged from 16% to 70%. The lowest rate of gender change from female to male occurred in Turkey and the highest in Brazil. External genitalia virilization was similar between those who changed and those who kept their assigned gender
[4]. ... male gender identity does not necessarily rep-resent the rule in these subjects
[5].
Nicoletti et al. (2005): uses karyotypic males
but raised as females
and reared as males
(gender as the unqualified sense?)
Vilchis et al. (2000): karyotypic males
Öcal et al. (2002): karyotypic males
, also genetic males
and genetic females
and They were raised as female, but at pubertal age they prefer male gender.
Menand
Louis Menand's entertaining column ("Wikipedia, “Jeopardy!,” and the Fate of the Fact", 23 November 2020) misrepresents Wikipedia in a few ways. When it comes to citations, peer-reviewed journals and blogs are not treated the same. Blog posts, social media and other self-published sources can only be used in restricted circumstances. In medical matters, a blog would virtually never be an acceptable source, and even many peer-reviewed journal articles would not make the cut, as Wikipedia values review articles that summarize and contextualize over initial reports that might not hold up. Menand is correct to say that Wikipedia functions as "in essence, an aggregator site", but long experience has taught its community that there need to be standards for what is aggregated.
Menand describes Jimmy Wales as the project's "grand arbiter", but the vast majority of day-to-day decisions about when editors get the boot are made by the volunteers themselves. Community members who successfully run a gauntlet of a nomination process become "administrators", who can then block editors temporarily or permanently, as well as impose various types of editing lock-outs upon individual articles. Similarly, when Menand writes that Wales "doesn't care whether some of the editors are discovered to be impostors", this elides the fact that "pretending to expertise" is only one kind of imposture. One way for an editor to get booted and their contributions deleted is to be unmasked as a paid shill.
The "neoliberalism applied to knowledge" bit is a nifty turn of phrase, but after all decentralized communities of letters long predated Hayek, and one could just as well say that the Wikipedia project provides knowledge "from each according to their ability"; perhaps the jargon of economics is more catchy here than it is illuminating.