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|[[Tamils]] || [[File:Bicolor flag of Tamil Eelam.svg|50px|border|center]]<br /> [[File:Tamil Eelam Flag.svg|50px|border|center]]<br />|| [[Tamil language]] || [[Hinduism]] (mostly [[Shaivism]]) || 76,000,000 || Asia || [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]] || [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Tamil Eelam]] || [[Tamil nationalism]], [[Greater Tamil Nadu]], [[Tamil National Retrieval Troops|TNRT]], [[Tamil Nadu Liberation Army]], [[Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism]], [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|LTTE]], [[Sri Lankan Civil War]], [[Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam|TGTE]], [[Vaddukoddai Resolution]] || Has regional autonomy in Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Demand autonomy in [[North Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|North Eastern Province]] of Sri Lanka. Seeks total secession from [[Sri Lanka]] and [[India]].<ref>Religious Nationalism: A Reference Handbook: A Reference Handbook, Atalia Omer, Jason A. Springs (2013)</ref> |
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|[[Tamils]]||[[File:Bicolor flag of Tamil Eelam.svg|50px|border|center]]<br /> [[File:Tamil Eelam Flag.svg|50px|border|center]]<br /> |
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| ||[[Tamil language]]||[[Hinduism]] (mostly [[Shaivism]]) || 76,000,000 || Asia ||[[India]], [[Sri Lanka]]||[[Tamil Nadu]], [[Tamil Eelam]]||[[Tamil nationalism]], [[Greater Tamil Nadu]], [[Tamil National Retrieval Troops|TNRT]], [[Tamil Nadu Liberation Army]], [[Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism]], [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|LTTE]], [[Sri Lankan Civil War]], [[Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam|TGTE]], [[Vaddukoddai Resolution]]|| Has regional autonomy in Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Demand autonomy in [[North Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|North Eastern Province]] of Sri Lanka. Seeks total secession from [[Sri Lanka]] and [[India]].<ref>Religious Nationalism: A Reference Handbook: A Reference Handbook, Atalia Omer, Jason A. Springs (2013)</ref> |
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|Amazighs |
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|chelha, |
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|12000000 |
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|Morocco |
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||[[Sikhs]]||[[File:Flag-of-Khalistan.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Punjabi language]]||[[Sikhism]]|| 27,000,000 || Asia ||[[India]], [[Pakistan]]||[[Punjab]]||[[Khalistan Movement]]|| Separate country called Khalistan in [[Punjab India]] include parts [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Rajasthan]] And [[Punjab Pakistan]] include parts [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Balochistan]] and [[Sind]]. |
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||[[Kurds]]||[[File:Flag of Kurdistan.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]||[[Islam]] with minorities of [[Christianity]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Yazdânism]] [[Deism]] and [[Agnosticism]]|| 30,000,000–45,600,000<ref>{{cite book |title= The World Factbook |edition= Online |date= 2015 |publisher= US [[Central Intelligence Agency]] |location= Langley, Virginia |issn= 1553-8133 |url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ |accessdate= 2 August 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://www.institutkurde.org/en/info/the-kurdish-population-1232551004 The Kurdish Population]</ref><small>(worldwide population including autonomous regions like [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] and [[Rojava]])</small>|| Asia ||[[Iraq]], [[Turkey]], [[Iran]] and [[Syria]]||[[Kurdistan]]||[[Kurdish nationalism]], [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict]], [[Kurdish-Iranian conflict]], [[Iraqi–Kurdish conflict]], and [[Kurdish–Syrian conflict]]|| Regional autonomy in [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] and [[Rojava]]. |
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|[[Yoruba people]]||[[File:Flag of the Yoruba people.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Yoruba language]]||[[Christianity]], [[Islam]]|| 35,000,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benue-Congo-languages|title=Benue-Congo languages|publisher=}}</ref><ref>John A. Shoup III, ''Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.237</ref>|| Africa ||[[Nigeria]], [[Benin]] and [[Togo]]||[[Yorubaland]]||[[Oodua Peoples Congress]]|| |
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||[[Sikhs]] || [[File:Flag-of-Khalistan.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[Punjabi language]] || [[Sikhism]] || 27,000,000 || Asia || [[India]], [[Pakistan]] || [[Punjab]] || [[Khalistan Movement]] || Separate country called Khalistan in [[Punjab India]] include parts [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Rajasthan]] And [[Punjab Pakistan]] include parts [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Balochistan]] and [[Sind]]. |
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|[[Igbo people]]||[[File:Flag of Biafra.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Igbo language]]||[[Christianity]] (primarily [[Roman Catholicism]] with significant [[Protestant]] minorities || 30,000,000<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.178</ref>|| Africa ||[[Nigeria]]||[[Igboland]]||[[Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra]], [[Indigenous People of Biafra]]|| Attempted secession from [[Nigeria]] in 1967 sparked the [[Nigerian Civil war]] |
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|| [[Kurds]] || [[File:Flag of Kurdistan.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]] || [[Islam]] with minorities of [[Christianity]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Yazdânism]] [[Deism]] and [[Agnosticism]] || 30,000,000–45,600,000<ref>{{cite book |title= The World Factbook |edition= Online |date= 2015 |publisher= US [[Central Intelligence Agency]] |location= Langley, Virginia |issn= 1553-8133 |url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ |accessdate= 2 August 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://www.institutkurde.org/en/info/the-kurdish-population-1232551004 The Kurdish Population]</ref><small>(worldwide population including autonomous regions like [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] and [[Rojava]])</small>|| Asia || [[Iraq]], [[Turkey]], [[Iran]] and [[Syria]] || [[Kurdistan]] || [[Kurdish nationalism]], [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict]], [[Kurdish-Iranian conflict]], [[Iraqi–Kurdish conflict]], and [[Kurdish–Syrian conflict]] || Regional autonomy in [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] and [[Rojava]]. |
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|[[Occitan people]]||[[File:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Roman Catholicism]]|| 16,000,000 || Europe ||[[France]], [[Monaco]], [[Italy]] and [[Spain]] ([[Val d'Aran]]) ||[[Occitania]]||[[Occitan nationalism]] ([[Occitan Party]], [[Partit de la Nacion Occitana]], [[Libertat]]) || Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from [[France]]. |
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| [[Yoruba people]] || [[File:Flag of the Yoruba people.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Yoruba language]] || [[Christianity]], [[Islam]] || 35,000,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benue-Congo-languages|title=Benue-Congo languages|publisher=}}</ref><ref>John A. Shoup III, ''Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.237</ref> || Africa || [[Nigeria]], [[Benin]] and [[Togo]] || [[Yorubaland]] || [[Oodua Peoples Congress]] || |
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|[[Assamese people]]||[[File:Flag_of_United_Liberation_Front_of_Asom.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Assamese language]]||[[Hinduism]]|| 15,000,000<ref name="nationalencyklopedin">Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]''</ref>|| Asia ||[[India]]||[[Assam]]||[[Assam separatist movements]], [[United Liberation Front of Assam|ULFA]] [[Insurgency in Northeast India]]|| Seeks greater regional autonomy for natives of [[Assam]] or total secession from [[India]].<ref>The United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA), the vanguard of national liberation struggle in Assam, was formed on 7th April 1979 to bear the historic responsibility of spearheading the armed democratic struggle with the ultimate aim of establishing an independent socialist sovereign Assam. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/ulfa.htm</ref> |
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|[[Igbo people]] || [[File:Flag of Biafra.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Igbo language]] || [[Christianity]] (primarily [[Roman Catholicism]] with significant [[Protestant]] minorities || 30,000,000<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.178</ref> || Africa || [[Nigeria]] || [[Igboland]] || [[Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra]], [[Indigenous People of Biafra]] || Attempted secession from [[Nigeria]] in 1967 sparked the [[Nigerian Civil war]] |
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|[[Uyghur people]]||[[File:Kokbayraq flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Uyghur language]]||[[Islam]]|| 15,000,000<ref name="www.uyghuramerican.org">{{Cite web|url=https://uyghuramerican.org/about-uyghurs|title=About Uyghurs | Uyghur American Association|website=uyghuramerican.org}}</ref>|| Asia ||[[China]], [[Soviet Union]] (includes [[Kazakhstan]](223,100 (2009)), [[Uzbekistan]] 55,220 (2008), [[Kyrgyzstan]]49,000 (2009), [[Russia]] 3,700 (2010))<ref name="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghurs">{{Cite web|url= [[Uyghurs]]|title= Uyghurs}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=January 2020}}||[[East Turkestan]] (Uyghuristan) || Irredentism is politically fragmented ([[East Turkestan Liberation Organization]], [[East Turkestan independence movement]]) || Limited autonomy in the [[Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]]. |
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|[[Occitan people]] || [[File:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Roman Catholicism]] || 16,000,000 || Europe || [[France]], [[Monaco]], [[Italy]] and [[Spain]] ([[Val d'Aran]]) ||[[Occitania]] || [[Occitan nationalism]] ([[Occitan Party]], [[Partit de la Nacion Occitana]], [[Libertat]]) || Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from [[France]]. |
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|[[Palestinian people]]<ref>https://www.fmreview.org/sites/fmr/files/FMRdownloads/en/palestine/shiblak.pdf</ref>||[[File:Flag of Palestine - long triangle.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Arabic language|Arabic]]||[[Islam]] {{small|(majority)}}, [[Christianity]]|| 13,000,000 || Asia ||[[West Bank]], [[Gaza Strip]], [[Jordan]], [[Israel]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]]||[[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]||[[Palestinian nationalism]] ([[PLO]]) || Seek self-determination from occupying powers. |
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|[[Assamese people]] || [[File:Flag_of_United_Liberation_Front_of_Asom.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[Assamese language]] || [[Hinduism]] || 15,000,000<ref name="nationalencyklopedin">Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]''</ref> || Asia || [[India]] || [[Assam]] || [[Assam separatist movements]], [[United Liberation Front of Assam|ULFA]] [[Insurgency in Northeast India]] || Seeks greater regional autonomy for natives of [[Assam]] or total secession from [[India]].<ref>The United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA), the vanguard of national liberation struggle in Assam, was formed on 7th April 1979 to bear the historic responsibility of spearheading the armed democratic struggle with the ultimate aim of establishing an independent socialist sovereign Assam. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/ulfa.htm</ref> |
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|[[Zulu people]]||[[File:Conjectural flag of Zululand (1884-1897) by Roberto Breschi taken from The South African Flag Book by A.P.Burgers.png|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Zulu language]]||[[Christianity]], [[Zulu religion]]|| 12,159,000 || Africa ||[[South Africa]], [[Lesotho]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Eswatini]]||[[KwaZulu-Natal]]||[[Inkatha Freedom Party]]|| Limited autonomy in the [[KwaZulu-Natal]] region, which maintains a traditional [[List of Zulu kings|Zulu king]]. |
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|[[Uyghur people]] || [[File:Kokbayraq flag.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[Uyghur language]] || [[Islam]] || 15,000,000<ref name="www.uyghuramerican.org">{{Cite web|url=https://uyghuramerican.org/about-uyghurs|title=About Uyghurs | Uyghur American Association|website=uyghuramerican.org}}</ref> || Asia || [[China]], [[Soviet Union ]](includes [[Kazakhstan]](223,100 (2009)), [[Uzbekistan]] 55,220 (2008), [[Kyrgyzstan]]49,000 (2009), [[Russia]] 3,700 (2010))<ref name="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghurs">{{Cite web|url= [[Uyghurs]]|title= Uyghurs}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=January 2020}} || [[East Turkestan]] (Uyghuristan) || Irredentism is politically fragmented ([[East Turkestan Liberation Organization]], [[East Turkestan independence movement]]) || Limited autonomy in the [[Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]]. |
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|[[Bavarians]]||[[File:Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[German language|German]], [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]] |
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||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 12,500,000 || Europe ||[[Germany]]||[[Bavaria]]||[[Bavarian nationalism]], [[Bavaria Party]]|| National [[devolution]], further autonomy or total secession from [[Germany]]. |
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|[[Palestinian people]]<ref>https://www.fmreview.org/sites/fmr/files/FMRdownloads/en/palestine/shiblak.pdf</ref> || [[File:Flag of Palestine - long triangle.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || [[Islam]] {{small|(majority)}}, [[Christianity]] || 13,000,000 || Asia || [[West Bank]], [[Gaza Strip]], [[Jordan]], [[Israel]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]] || [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] || [[Palestinian nationalism]] ([[PLO]]) || Seek self-determination from occupying powers. |
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|[[Kongo people]]||[[File:Royal banner of Kongo (Afonso I).svg|center|frameless|50x50px]] |
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| ||[[Kongo language]], [[Lingala language|Lingala]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[French language|French]] |
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||[[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]] and [[Protestantism]]), [[African Traditional Religion]]|| 10,000,000 || Africa ||[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Republic of the Congo]], [[Angola]] |
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||[[Kingdom of Kongo|Kongo]]||[[Kongo people#Nationalism|Kongo nationalism]], [[Bundu dia Kongo]]|| Historically occupied the independent [[Kingdom of Kongo]]. |
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|[[Zulu people]] || [[File:Conjectural flag of Zululand (1884-1897) by Roberto Breschi taken from The South African Flag Book by A.P.Burgers.png|50px|border|center]] || [[Zulu language]] || [[Christianity]], [[Zulu religion]] || 12,159,000 || Africa || [[South Africa]], [[Lesotho]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Eswatini]] ||[[KwaZulu-Natal]] || [[Inkatha Freedom Party]] || Limited autonomy in the [[KwaZulu-Natal]] region, which maintains a traditional [[List of Zulu kings|Zulu king]]. |
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|[[Baloch people]]||[[File:Flag of Balochistan.png|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Balochi language|Balochi]]||[[Islam]]|| 10,000,000<ref>Syed Farooq Hasnat, ''Pakistan'' 2011 p.82</ref>|| Asia ||[[Pakistan]], [[Iran]] and [[Afghanistan]]||[[Balochistan]]||[[Balochistan conflict]], [[Baloch nationalism]]|| |
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|[[Bavarians]] || [[File:Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg|50px|border|center]] || [[German language|German]], [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]] |
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|[[Kabyle people]]||[[File:Flag-kabyle.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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|| [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 12,500,000 || Europe || [[Germany]] || [[Bavaria]] || [[Bavarian nationalism]], [[Bavaria Party]] || National [[devolution]], further autonomy or total secession from [[Germany]]. |
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| ||[[Kabyle language]], [[Algerian Arabic]]||[[Islam]]|| 4,000,000<ref name="www.cna-sat.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.cna-sat.org/O1/index.php/the-kabyle-people|title=The Kabyle People|publisher=|accessdate=2 August 2016}}</ref>|| Africa ||[[Algeria]]||[[Kabylie]]||[[Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie]], [[Provisional Government of Kabylia]]|| |
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|[[Kongo people]] || [[File:Royal banner of Kongo (Afonso I).svg|center|frameless|50x50px]] || [[Kongo language]], [[Lingala language|Lingala]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[French language|French]] |
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|[[Ahwazi Arabs]]||[[File:Flag of Arabistan.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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|| [[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]] and [[Protestantism]]), [[African Traditional Religion]] || 10,000,000 || Africa || [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Republic of the Congo]], [[Angola]] |
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| ||[[Arabic languages|Arabic]]||[[Islam]]|| 1,320,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IR/status|title=Iran|website=Ethnologue|accessdate=28 December 2018}}</ref>|| Asia ||[[Iran]]||[[Khuzestan|Al Ahwaz]]||[[Arab separatism in Khuzestan]] [[Democratic Solidarity Party of Ahwaz]]|| Ahwazi includes 30 tribes which see themselves as a distinct Arab nation.<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.13</ref> Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from [[Iran]]. |
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|| [[Kingdom of Kongo|Kongo]] || [[Kongo people#Nationalism|Kongo nationalism]], [[Bundu dia Kongo]] || Historically occupied the independent [[Kingdom of Kongo]]. |
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|[[Baloch people]] || [[File:Flag of Balochistan.png|50px|border|center]] || [[Balochi language|Balochi]] || [[Islam]] || 10,000,000<ref>Syed Farooq Hasnat, ''Pakistan'' 2011 p.82</ref> || Asia || [[Pakistan]], [[Iran]] and [[Afghanistan]] || [[Balochistan]] || [[Balochistan conflict]], [[Baloch nationalism]] || |
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|[[Andalusians]]||[[File:Flag of Andalucía.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Andalusian Spanish]], [[English language|English]] (in [[Gibraltar]]) ||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 9,500,000 || Europe ||[[Spain]], [[Gibraltar]]||[[Andalusia]]||[[Andalusian nationalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. |
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|[[Kabyle people]] || [[File:Flag-kabyle.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Kabyle language]], [[Algerian Arabic]] || [[Islam]] || 4,000,000<ref name="www.cna-sat.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.cna-sat.org/O1/index.php/the-kabyle-people|title=The Kabyle People|publisher=|accessdate=2 August 2016}}</ref> || Africa || [[Algeria]] || [[Kabylie]] || [[Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie]], [[Provisional Government of Kabylia]] || |
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|[[Puerto Rican people]]||[[File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[English language|English]]||[[Christianity]] (primarily [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 9,000,000 || America ||[[United States]]||[[Puerto Rico]]||[[Puerto Rican Nationalist Party]], [[Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña]], [[Boricua Popular Army]], [[Puerto Rican Independence Party]]||[[Unincorporated territory of the United States]]. |
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|[[Ahwazi Arabs]] || [[File:Flag of Arabistan.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Arabic languages|Arabic]] || [[Islam]] || 1,320,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IR/status|title=Iran|website=Ethnologue|accessdate=28 December 2018}}</ref> || Asia || [[Iran]] || [[Khuzestan|Al Ahwaz]] || [[Arab separatism in Khuzestan]] [[Democratic Solidarity Party of Ahwaz]] || Ahwazi includes 30 tribes which see themselves as a distinct Arab nation.<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.13</ref> Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from [[Iran]]. |
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|[[Catalans]]||[[File:Flag of Catalonia.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]]||[[Roman Catholicism]], [[Agnosticism]]|| 8,500,000<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.402</ref>|| Europe ||[[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[Andorra]] and [[France]]||[[Catalan Countries]]||[[Catalan independence|Catalan independence movement]], [[Catalan nationalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. |
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|[[Andalusians]] || [[File:Flag of Andalucía.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Andalusian Spanish]], [[English language|English]] (in [[Gibraltar]]) || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 9,500,000 || Europe || [[Spain]], [[Gibraltar]] || [[Andalusia]] || [[Andalusian nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. |
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|[[Québécois (word)|Québécois]]||[[File:Flag of Quebec.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[French language]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 8,215,000 || America ||[[Canada]]||[[Quebec]]||[[Quebec sovereignty movement]]||The total population of the Province of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80% are French speakers. |
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|[[Puerto Rican people]] || [[File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[English language|English]] || [[Christianity]] (primarily [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 9,000,000 || America || [[United States]] || [[Puerto Rico]] || [[Puerto Rican Nationalist Party]], [[Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña]], [[Boricua Popular Army]], [[Puerto Rican Independence Party]] || [[Unincorporated territory of the United States]]. |
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|[[Mon people]]||[[File:Flag of the Mon National Party.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Mon language]]||[[Buddhism]]|| 8,145,500 || Asia ||[[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]]||[[Mon State]]||[[Mon Nationalism and Civil War in Burma|Mon Nationalism]], [[Mon National Party]], [[All Mon Region Democracy Party]]|| Historically occupied the [[Mon kingdoms]] |
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|[[Catalans]]|| [[File:Flag of Catalonia.svg|50px|border|center]]|| [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]]||[[Roman Catholicism]], [[Agnosticism]] || 8,500,000<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.402</ref> || Europe || [[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[Andorra]] and [[France]]||[[Catalan Countries]] || [[Catalan independence|Catalan independence movement]], [[Catalan nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. |
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|[[Circassians]]||[[File:Flag of Adygea.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Circassian language]], [[Russian language|Russian]]||[[Islam]]|| 8,000,000 || Europe||[[Russia]]||[[Circassia]]||[[Russo-Circassian War]], [[Circassian nationalism]]|| Regional autonomy in Circassia. |
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|[[Québécois (word)|Québécois]] || [[File:Flag of Quebec.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[French language]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 8,215,000 || America || [[Canada]] || [[Quebec]] || [[Quebec sovereignty movement]] ||The total population of the Province of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80% are French speakers. |
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|[[Karen people]]||[[File:Flag of the Karen National Union.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[S’gaw Karen language|Karen language]]||[[Christianity]], [[Theravada Buddhism]]|| 7,000,000 || Asia ||[[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]]||[[Kawthoolei]]||[[Karen conflict|Karen nationalism]], [[Karen National Union]], [[Karen National Liberation Army]]|| |
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|[[Mon people]] || [[File:Flag of the Mon National Party.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Mon language]] || [[Buddhism]] || 8,145,500 || Asia || [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] || [[Mon State]] || [[Mon Nationalism and Civil War in Burma|Mon Nationalism]], [[Mon National Party]], [[All Mon Region Democracy Party]] || Historically occupied the [[Mon kingdoms]] |
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|[[Maya peoples]]||[[File:Maya flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Mayan languages]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]]), [[Maya religion]]|| 7,000,000 || America ||[[Guatemala]], [[Mexico]], [[Belize]], [[Honduras]], [[El Salvador]]||[[Mesoamerica]]||[[Pan-Maya movement]], [[Rigoberta Menchú]], [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation]]|| Historically occupied the [[Maya civilization]] |
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|[[Circassians]] || [[File:Flag of Adygea.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Circassian language]], [[Russian language|Russian]]||[[Islam]] || 8,000,000 || Europe|| [[Russia]] || [[Circassia]] || [[Russo-Circassian War]], [[Circassian nationalism]] || Regional autonomy in Circassia. |
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|[[Volga Tatars]]||[[File:Flag of Tatarstan.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Tatar language]], [[Russian language|Russian]]||[[Islam]]|| 7,000,000 || Europe||[[Russia]]||[[Tatarstan]]||[[All-Tatar Public Center]]||Regional autonomy in Tatarstan. |
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|[[Karen people]] || [[File:Flag of the Karen National Union.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[S’gaw Karen language|Karen language]] || [[Christianity]], [[Theravada Buddhism]] || 7,000,000 || Asia || [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] || [[Kawthoolei]] || [[Karen conflict|Karen nationalism]], [[Karen National Union]], [[Karen National Liberation Army]] || |
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|[[Tibetan people]]||[[File:Flag of Tibet.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan language]]||[[Buddhism]]|| 7,000,000<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.422</ref>|| Asia ||[[China]]||[[Tibet]]||[[Tibetan independence movement]]|| Limited autonomy in the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]]. |
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|[[Maya peoples]] || [[File:Maya flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Mayan languages]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]]), [[Maya religion]] || 7,000,000 || America || [[Guatemala]], [[Mexico]], [[Belize]], [[Honduras]], [[El Salvador]] || [[Mesoamerica]] || [[Pan-Maya movement]], [[Rigoberta Menchú]], [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation]] || Historically occupied the [[Maya civilization]] |
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|[[Indian Gorkha]]s||[[File:Flag of Gurkhaland.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Nepali language]]||[[Hinduism]]|| 6,360,000<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: D-K'' 2002 p.677</ref>|| Asia ||[[India]]||[[Gorkhaland|Gorkhastan]]||[[Gorkha National Liberation Front]], [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]]|| Gorkhaland is a proposed state in India demanded by the people of the [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling Hills]] and the people of [[Indian Gorkha|Gorkha]] ethnic origin on the Northern part of [[West Bengal]]. |
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|[[Volga Tatars]] || [[File:Flag of Tatarstan.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Tatar language]], [[Russian language|Russian]]||[[Islam]] || 7,000,000 || Europe|| [[Russia]] || [[Tatarstan]] || [[All-Tatar Public Center]] ||Regional autonomy in Tatarstan. |
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|[[Riffian people]]||[[File:Flag of the Republic of the Rif.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Riffian language]]||[[Islam]]|| 6,000,000<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.352</ref>|| Africa ||[[Morocco]] and [[Spain]]||[[Rif]]||[[Rif War]], [[Rif Republic]]|| 95% of the land is controlled by [[Morocco]] with the rest being controlled by the Spanish territories of [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]] as autonomous cities. |
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|[[Indian Gorkha]]s || [[File:Flag of Gurkhaland.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Nepali language]] || [[Hinduism]] || 6,360,000<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: D-K'' 2002 p.677</ref> || Asia || [[India]] || [[Gorkhaland|Gorkhastan]] || [[Gorkha National Liberation Front]], [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]] || Gorkhaland is a proposed state in India demanded by the people of the [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling Hills]] and the people of [[Indian Gorkha|Gorkha]] ethnic origin on the Northern part of [[West Bengal]]. |
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|[[Shan people]]||[[File:Flag of the Shan State.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Shan language]]||[[Buddhism]]|| 6,000,000 || Asia ||[[Myanmar]]||[[Shan State]]||[[Shan State Army]], Declaration of independence in 2005; see also [[Hso Khan Pha]]|| |
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|[[Riffian people]] || [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Rif.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Riffian language]] || [[Islam]] || 6,000,000<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.352</ref> || Africa || [[Morocco]] and [[Spain]] || [[Rif]] || [[Rif War]], [[Rif Republic]] || 95% of the land is controlled by [[Morocco]] with the rest being controlled by the Spanish territories of [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]] as autonomous cities. |
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|[[Kashmiri people]]||[[File:Kashmir independent.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Kashmiri language]]||[[Islam]]|| 5,600,000 || Asia ||[[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[China]]||[[Kashmir]]||[[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]|| Administered by India ([[Kashmir Valley]], [[Jammu]], [[Ladakh]]), Pakistan ([[Azad Kashmir]], [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]) and China ([[Aksai Chin]]). |
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|[[Shan people]] || [[File:Flag of the Shan State.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Shan language]] || [[Buddhism]] || 6,000,000 || Asia || [[Myanmar]] || [[Shan State]] || [[Shan State Army]], Declaration of independence in 2005; see also [[Hso Khan Pha]] || |
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|[[Lozi people]]||[[File:Flag of Barotseland.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Lozi language|Lozi]]||[[Christianity]]|| 5,153,000 || Africa ||[[Zambia]]||[[Barotseland]]||[[Barotse Patriotic Front]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=55102|title=Assessment for Lozi in Zambia|publisher=Minorities at Risk|access-date=2009-04-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603031428/http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=55102|archive-date=2010-06-03|df=}}</ref>|| |
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|[[Kashmiri people]] || [[File:Kashmir independent.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Kashmiri language]] || [[Islam]] || 5,600,000 || Asia || [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[China]] || [[Kashmir]] || [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]] || Administered by India ([[Kashmir Valley]], [[Jammu]], [[Ladakh]]), Pakistan ([[Azad Kashmir]], [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]) and China ([[Aksai Chin]]). |
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|[[Valencians]]||[[File:Senyera_del_nacionalisme_valencià.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Valencian]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Roman Catholicism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vangdata/20150402/54429637154/interactivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html|title=Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España|website=La Vanguardia|accessdate=28 December 2018}}</ref>|| 5,111,706 || Europe ||[[Spain]]||[[Valencian Community]]||[[Valencian nationalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. |
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|[[Lozi people]] || [[File:Flag of Barotseland.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Lozi language|Lozi]] || [[Christianity]] || 5,153,000 || Africa || [[Zambia]] || [[Barotseland]] || [[Barotse Patriotic Front]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=55102|title=Assessment for Lozi in Zambia|publisher=Minorities at Risk|access-date=2009-04-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603031428/http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=55102|archive-date=2010-06-03|df=}}</ref> || |
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|[[Moro people]]||[[File:MNLF flag.svg|center|50x50px]] |
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| ||[[Filipino language]], other [[Philippine languages]]||[[Islam]]|| 5,100,000 || Asia ||[[Philippines]]||[[Bangsamoro (political entity)|Bangsamoro]]||[[Moro National Liberation Front|National Liberation Front]], [[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]]|| |
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| [[Valencians]] || [[File:Senyera_del_nacionalisme_valencià.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Valencian]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Roman Catholicism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vangdata/20150402/54429637154/interactivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html|title=Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España|website=La Vanguardia|accessdate=28 December 2018}}</ref> || 5,111,706 || Europe || [[Spain]] ||[[Valencian Community]] || [[Valencian nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. |
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|[[Moro people]] || [[File:MNLF flag.svg|center|50x50px]] || [[Filipino language]], other [[Philippine languages]] || [[Islam]] || 5,100,000 || Asia || [[Philippines]] || [[Bangsamoro (political entity)|Bangsamoro]] || [[Moro National Liberation Front|National Liberation Front]], [[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]] || |
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|[[Kuki people|Kuki]]-[[Mizo people|Mizo]]-[[Zo people|Zo]]-[[Chin people|Chin]] people ||[[File:Flag_of_Chin_State.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Kuki-Chin languages]]||[[Christianity]]|| 5,000,000 || Asia ||[[Myanmar]], [[Bangladesh]], [[India]]||[[Mizoram]], [[Zogam]] and [[Chin State]]||[[Mizo National Front]], [[Chin National Front]], [[Kuki National Army]], [[Zomi Revolutionary Army]], [[Zomi nationalism]]||[[Kuki people|Kuki]]-[[Mizo people|Mizo]]-[[Zo people|Zo]]-[[Chin people|Chin]] are an ethnic group known by different names and speak different dialects. |
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|[[Kuki people|Kuki]]-[[Mizo people|Mizo]]-[[Zo people|Zo]]-[[Chin people|Chin]] people || [[File:Flag_of_Chin_State.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Kuki-Chin languages]] || [[Christianity]] || 5,000,000 || Asia || [[Myanmar]], [[Bangladesh]], [[India]] || [[Mizoram]], [[Zogam]] and [[Chin State]] || [[Mizo National Front]], [[Chin National Front]], [[Kuki National Army]], [[Zomi Revolutionary Army]], [[Zomi nationalism]] || [[Kuki people|Kuki]]-[[Mizo people|Mizo]]-[[Zo people|Zo]]-[[Chin people|Chin]] are an ethnic group known by different names and speak different dialects. |
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|[[Scottish people]]||[[File:Flag of Scotland.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Scottish Gaelic]], [[Scots language|Scots]], [[Scottish English|English]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]], [[Catholicism|Catholic]] minority) || 5,000,000 (only Scotland)<ref>[[Jeffrey Cole]], ''Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.235</ref>|| Europe ||[[United Kingdom]]||[[Scotland]]||[[Scottish independence]]||Regional autonomy in [[Scotland]]. |
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|[[Scottish people]] || [[File:Flag of Scotland.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[Scottish Gaelic]], [[Scots language|Scots]], [[Scottish English|English]]|| [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]], [[Catholicism|Catholic]] minority) || 5,000,000 (only Scotland)<ref>[[Jeffrey Cole]], ''Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.235</ref> || Europe || [[United Kingdom]] || [[Scotland]] || [[Scottish independence]] ||Regional autonomy in [[Scotland]]. |
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|[[Sicilians]]<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.1714</ref>||[[File:Sicilian Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Sicilian language|Sicilian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Gallo-Italic of Sicily]], [[Arbëresh]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 5,000,000 (only Sicily) || Europe ||[[Italy]]||[[Sicily]]||[[Sicilian nationalism]]|| Regional autonomy in [[Statute of Sicily|Sicily]]. |
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|[[Sicilians]]<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.1714</ref> || [[File:Sicilian Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Gallo-Italic of Sicily]], [[Arbëresh]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 5,000,000 (only Sicily) || Europe || [[Italy]] || [[Sicily]] || [[Sicilian nationalism]] || Regional autonomy in [[Statute of Sicily|Sicily]]. |
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|[[Mthwakazi|Mthwakazi people]]|| |
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| ||[[Northern Ndebele language|IsiNdebele]], [[Venda language|Venda]], [[Kalanga language|Khalanga]], [[Shona language|Shona]], [[Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)|Tonga]], [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Sotho language|Sotho]], [[Nambya language|Nambya]], [[Tswana language|Tswana]] (a total of over 13 tribes and languages in addition to the ones listed here ||[[Christianity]] with native || 5,000,000 || Africa ||[[Zimbabwe]]|| Southern party of [[Zimbabwe]], today described as [[Matabeleland]] and the [[Midlands Province]]|| Various political and revolutionary restoration movements || Mthwakazi was a Kingdom whose last King was King [[Lobhengula]]. Mthwakazi was colonised by the British independently as a State in 1893 after a war between the British and the natives of [[Mthwakazi]]. [[Mashonaland]] which neighbours Mthwakazi, had been colonized without resistance in 1890. Britain later amalgamated these two states. |
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|[[Mthwakazi|Mthwakazi people]] || || [[Northern Ndebele language|IsiNdebele]], [[Venda language|Venda]], [[Kalanga language|Khalanga]], [[Shona language|Shona]], [[Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)|Tonga]], [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Sotho language|Sotho]], [[Nambya language|Nambya]], [[Tswana language|Tswana]] (a total of over 13 tribes and languages in addition to the ones listed here || [[Christianity]] with native || 5,000,000 || Africa || [[Zimbabwe]] || Southern party of [[Zimbabwe]], today described as [[Matabeleland]] and the [[Midlands Province]] || Various political and revolutionary restoration movements || Mthwakazi was a Kingdom whose last King was King [[Lobhengula]]. Mthwakazi was colonised by the British independently as a State in 1893 after a war between the British and the natives of [[Mthwakazi]]. [[Mashonaland]] which neighbours Mthwakazi, had been colonized without resistance in 1890. Britain later amalgamated these two states. |
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|[[Acehnese people]]||[[File:Flag of Free Aceh Movement.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Acehnese language]]||[[Islam]]|| 4,200,000<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/3614/Acehnese ''Acehnese'']. [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]. ©2016 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved on July 8, 2016.</ref>|| Asia ||[[Indonesia]]||[[Aceh]]||[[Insurgency in Aceh]]||Regional autonomy in Aceh. |
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|[[Acehnese people]] || [[File:Flag of Free Aceh Movement.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Acehnese language]] || [[Islam]] || 4,200,000<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/3614/Acehnese ''Acehnese'']. [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]. ©2016 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved on July 8, 2016.</ref> || Asia || [[Indonesia]] || [[Aceh]] || [[Insurgency in Aceh]] ||Regional autonomy in Aceh. |
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|[[Hmong people]]||[[File:Hmong flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Hmong language]]||[[Buddhism]] with native || 4,000,000 || Asia ||[[Laos]], [[China]], [[Vietnam]] and [[Thailand]]||[[Hmong ChaoFa Federated State]]||[[Insurgency in Laos]]|| |
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|[[Hmong people]] || [[File:Hmong flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Hmong language]] || [[Buddhism]] with native || 4,000,000 || Asia || [[Laos]], [[China]], [[Vietnam]] and [[Thailand]] || [[Hmong ChaoFa Federated State]] || [[Insurgency in Laos]] || |
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|[[Rohingya people]]||[[File:Rohingya flag.png|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Rohingya language]]||[[Islam]]|| 3,600,000 || Asia ||[[Myanmar]]||[[Maungdaw District|Rohang State]]||[[Rohingya conflict]]|| The Rohingyas are not recognized as a native ethnic group by Burmese government.<ref>Aris Ananta, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, ''International Migration in Southeast Asia'', Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004, p.267</ref> |
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|[[Rohingya people]] || [[File:Rohingya flag.png|50px|border|center]] || [[Rohingya language]] || [[Islam]] || 3,600,000 || Asia || [[Myanmar]] || [[Maungdaw District|Rohang State]] || [[Rohingya conflict]] || The Rohingyas are not recognized as a native ethnic group by Burmese government.<ref>Aris Ananta, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, ''International Migration in Southeast Asia'', Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004, p.267</ref> |
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|[[Afrikaners]]||[[File:Afrikaner_Vryheidsvlag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Afrikaans]]||[[Christianity]] (mainly [[Protestantism]])|| 3,500,000 || Africa ||[[South Africa]] and [[Namibia]]||[[Volkstaat]]||[[Afrikaner Nationalism]], [[Freedom Front Plus|Freedom Front]]|| Afrikaners are an [[Ethnic group|Ethno-racial group]]. Demand autonomy or total secession from South Africa. |
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|[[Afrikaners]] || [[File:Afrikaner_Vryheidsvlag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Afrikaans]] || [[Christianity]] (mainly [[Protestantism]])|| 3,500,000 || Africa || [[South Africa]] and [[Namibia]] || [[Volkstaat]] || [[Afrikaner Nationalism]], [[Freedom Front Plus|Freedom Front]] || Afrikaners are an [[Ethnic group|Ethno-racial group]]. Demand autonomy or total secession from South Africa. |
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|[[Assyrian people]]||[[File:Flag of Assyria.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic]], [[Turoyo]], [[Chaldean Neo-Aramaic]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Chaldean Catholicism]] [[Syriac Christianity]]) || 3,300,000<ref name="UNPO:Assyria">{{cite web|url=http://www.unpo.org/article/7859|title=UNPO: Assyria|publisher=|accessdate=2 August 2016}}</ref>|| Asia ||[[Syria]], [[Iraq]], [[Iran]] and [[Turkey]]||[[Assyrian homeland|Assyria]]||[[Assyrian nationalism]], [[Assyrian independence movement]]|| Historically occupied the [[Assyrian empire]]. |
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|[[Assyrian people]] || [[File:Flag of Assyria.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic]], [[Turoyo]], [[Chaldean Neo-Aramaic]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Chaldean Catholicism]] [[Syriac Christianity]]) || 3,300,000<ref name="UNPO:Assyria">{{cite web|url=http://www.unpo.org/article/7859|title=UNPO: Assyria|publisher=|accessdate=2 August 2016}}</ref> || Asia || [[Syria]], [[Iraq]], [[Iran]] and [[Turkey]] || [[Assyrian homeland|Assyria]] || [[Assyrian nationalism]], [[Assyrian independence movement]] || Historically occupied the [[Assyrian empire]]. |
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|[[Breton people]]||[[File:Flag of Brittany (Gwenn ha du).svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Breton language|Breton]], [[French language|French]], [[Gallo language|Gallo]]||[[Christianity]] (principally [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 3,120,288 || Europe ||[[France]]||[[Brittany]]||[[Breton nationalism]]|| Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Brittany]] |
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|[[Breton people]] || [[File:Flag of Brittany (Gwenn ha du).svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[Breton language|Breton]], [[French language|French]], [[Gallo language|Gallo]] || [[Christianity]] (principally [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 3,120,288 || Europe || [[France]] || [[Brittany]] || [[Breton nationalism]] || Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Brittany]] |
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|[[Basque people]]||[[File:Flag of the Basque Country.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Basque language|Basque]], [[French language|French]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 3,000,000<ref>[[Jeffrey Cole]], ''Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.38</ref>|| Europe ||[[France]] and [[Spain]]||[[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]]||[[Basque nationalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. |
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|[[Basque people]] || [[File:Flag of the Basque Country.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Basque language|Basque]], [[French language|French]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 3,000,000<ref>[[Jeffrey Cole]], ''Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.38</ref> || Europe || [[France]] and [[Spain]] || [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]] || [[Basque nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. |
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|[[Iraqi Turkmen|Iraqi Turkmen people]]||[[File:Flag of Iraq Turkmen FrontVEC.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Turkish language]], [[Azerbaijani language]]||[[Islam]]|| 3,000,000 || Asia ||[[Iraq]]||[[Turkmeneli]]||[[Iraqi Turkmen Front]]|| Not to be confused with [[Syrian Turkmen]] of [[Latakia]] or Central Asian [[Turkmens]] of [[Turkmenistan]] who share only their ethnonym.<ref>Larry Clark. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RMe7KpwS3KsC&pg=PA11 Turkmen Reference Grammar]. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998; p. 11. {{ISBN|9783447040198}}</ref> |
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|[[Iraqi Turkmen|Iraqi Turkmen people]] || [[File:Flag of Iraq Turkmen FrontVEC.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Turkish language]], [[Azerbaijani language]] || [[Islam]] || 3,000,000 || Asia || [[Iraq]] || [[Turkmeneli]] || [[Iraqi Turkmen Front]] || Not to be confused with [[Syrian Turkmen]] of [[Latakia]] or Central Asian [[Turkmens]] of [[Turkmenistan]] who share only their ethnonym.<ref>Larry Clark. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RMe7KpwS3KsC&pg=PA11 Turkmen Reference Grammar]. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998; p. 11. {{ISBN|9783447040198}}</ref> |
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|[[Welsh people]]||[[File:Flag of Wales 2.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Welsh language|Welsh]], [[Welsh English|English]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]], [[Catholicism|Catholic]] minority) || 3,000,000 || Europe ||[[United Kingdom]]||[[Wales]]||[[Welsh independence]], [[Welsh nationalism]], [[Meibion Glyndŵr]], [[Plaid Cymru]]|| Regional autonomy in Wales. |
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|[[Welsh people]] || [[File:Flag of Wales 2.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[Welsh language|Welsh]], [[Welsh English|English]]|| [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]], [[Catholicism|Catholic]] minority) || 3,000,000 || Europe || [[United Kingdom]] || [[Wales]] || [[Welsh independence]], [[Welsh nationalism]], [[Meibion Glyndŵr]], [[Plaid Cymru]] || Regional autonomy in Wales. |
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|[[Galician people]]||[[File:Bandeira galega civil.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Galician language]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 2,800,000 || Europe ||[[Spain]]||[[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]||[[Galician nationalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Galicia]]. |
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|[[Galician people]] || [[File:Bandeira galega civil.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Galician language]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 2,800,000 || Europe || [[Spain]] || [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] || [[Galician nationalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Galicia]]. |
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|[[Kachin people]]||[[File:Kachin_Independence_Army_flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Jingpo language|Jingpo]], [[Zaiwa language|Zaiwa]], [[Maru language|Maru]], [[Lashi language|Lashi]], [[Azi language|Azi]]||[[Buddhism]], [[Christianity]], [[Animism]]|| 2,750,000 (2002)<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.870</ref>|| Asia ||[[Myanmar]]||[[Kachin State]]||[[Kachin Independence Army]], [[Kachin Independence Organisation]], [[Kachin conflict]]|| The tribes of [[Kachin Hills]] form the Kachin Nation. |
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|[[Kachin people]] || [[File:Kachin_Independence_Army_flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Jingpo language|Jingpo]], [[Zaiwa language|Zaiwa]], [[Maru language|Maru]], [[Lashi language|Lashi]], [[Azi language|Azi]] || [[Buddhism]], [[Christianity]], [[Animism]] || 2,750,000 (2002)<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.870</ref> || Asia || [[Myanmar]] || [[Kachin State]] || [[Kachin Independence Army]], [[Kachin Independence Organisation]], [[Kachin conflict]] || The tribes of [[Kachin Hills]] form the Kachin Nation. |
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|[[Aragonese people]]||[[File:Flag_of_Aragon.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Aragonese language]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 2,278,000 (Spain only)<ref name="joshuaproject:Aragonese">{{cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/10397/SP|title=Aragonese in Spain|publisher=joshuaproject.net}}</ref>|| Europe ||[[Spain]]||[[Aragon]]||[[Aragonese nationalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Aragon]]. |
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|[[Aragonese people]] || [[File:Flag_of_Aragon.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Aragonese language]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 2,278,000 (Spain only)<ref name="joshuaproject:Aragonese">{{cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/10397/SP|title=Aragonese in Spain|publisher=joshuaproject.net}}</ref> || Europe || [[Spain]] || [[Aragon]] || [[Aragonese nationalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Aragon]]. |
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|[[Meitei people]]||[[File:In manipur1.gif|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Meitei language]]||[[Hinduism]]|| 2,500,000 || Asia ||[[India]]||[[Manipur]]||[[United National Liberation Front|UNLF]], [[People's Liberation Army of Manipur|PLA]], [[Insurgency in Manipur]], [[Anglo-Manipur War]]|| Historically occupied the [[Manipur (princely state)|Kingdom of Manipur]]. |
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|[[Meitei people]] || [[File:In manipur1.gif|50px|border|center]] || [[Meitei language]] || [[Hinduism]] || 2,500,000 || Asia || [[India]] || [[Manipur]] || [[United National Liberation Front|UNLF]], [[People's Liberation Army of Manipur|PLA]], [[Insurgency in Manipur]], [[Anglo-Manipur War]] || Historically occupied the [[Manipur (princely state)|Kingdom of Manipur]]. |
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|[[Chechen people]]||[[File:Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Chechen language]], [[Russian language|Russian]]||[[Islam]]|| 2,000,000 || Europe ||[[Russia]]||[[Chechnya]]||[[Second Chechen War|Chechen insurgency]], [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]]|| Regional autonomy in Chechnya. |
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|[[Chechen people]] || [[File:Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Chechen language]], [[Russian language|Russian]]||[[Islam]] || 2,000,000 || Europe || [[Russia]] || [[Chechnya]] || [[Second Chechen War|Chechen insurgency]], [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]] || Regional autonomy in Chechnya. |
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|[[Naga people]]||[[File:Unofficial flag of Nagaland.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| || Tibeto-Burman dialects / [[Nagamese creole]]||[[Christianity]]|| 2,000,000 || Asia ||[[India]]||[[Nagaland]]||[[Naga National Council]], [[Insurgency in Northeast India]]|| Regional autonomy in Nagaland. |
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|[[Naga people]] || [[File:Unofficial flag of Nagaland.svg|50px|border|center]] || Tibeto-Burman dialects / [[Nagamese creole]] || [[Christianity]] || 2,000,000 || Asia || [[India]] || [[Nagaland]] || [[Naga National Council]], [[Insurgency in Northeast India]] || Regional autonomy in Nagaland. |
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|[[Sardinian people]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurominority.org/version/maps/map-nations.asp|title=Eurominority – La solidarité avec le peuple palestinien|publisher=|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623193842/http://www.eurominority.org/version/maps/map-nations.asp|archive-date=2006-06-23|df=}}</ref><ref>''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations'', James Minahan, pg. 1661</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez|title=Atlas of Stateless Nations in Europe : Minority People in Search of Recognition|year=2011|publisher=Y Lolfa Cyf|isbn=978-1847713797|pages=[https://archive.org/details/atlasofstateless0000unse/page/70 70]|url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofstateless0000unse/page/70}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unionesarda.it/articolo/cronaca/2016/01/11/la_sardegna_nel_club_delle_nazioni_un_capitolo_nella_bibbia_delle-68-456595.html|title=La Sardegna nel club delle nazioni: un capitolo nella Bibbia dell'etnie del mondo – Cronaca – L'Unione Sarda.it|date=11 January 2016|publisher=|accessdate=2 August 2016}}</ref>||[[File:Bandera nacionalista sarda.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Sardinian language|Sardinian]], [[Corsican language#Corsican in Sardinia|Corso-Sardinian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Ligurian (Romance language)|Ligurian]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,661,521 || Europe ||[[Italy]]||[[Sardinia]]||[[Sardinian nationalism]]|| National [[devolution]], further autonomy or total secession from Italy. |
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|[[Sardinian people]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurominority.org/version/maps/map-nations.asp|title=Eurominority – La solidarité avec le peuple palestinien|publisher=|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623193842/http://www.eurominority.org/version/maps/map-nations.asp|archive-date=2006-06-23|df=}}</ref><ref>''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations'', James Minahan, pg. 1661</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez|title=Atlas of Stateless Nations in Europe : Minority People in Search of Recognition|year=2011|publisher=Y Lolfa Cyf|isbn=978-1847713797|pages=[https://archive.org/details/atlasofstateless0000unse/page/70 70]|url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofstateless0000unse/page/70}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unionesarda.it/articolo/cronaca/2016/01/11/la_sardegna_nel_club_delle_nazioni_un_capitolo_nella_bibbia_delle-68-456595.html|title=La Sardegna nel club delle nazioni: un capitolo nella Bibbia dell'etnie del mondo – Cronaca – L'Unione Sarda.it|date=11 January 2016|publisher=|accessdate=2 August 2016}}</ref> || [[File:Bandera nacionalista sarda.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]], [[Corsican language#Corsican in Sardinia|Corso-Sardinian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Ligurian (Romance language)|Ligurian]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,661,521 || Europe || [[Italy]] || [[Sardinia]] || [[Sardinian nationalism]] || National [[devolution]], further autonomy or total secession from Italy. |
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|[[Canarian people]]||[[File:Mpaiac.PNG|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Guanche language]] (extinct), [[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,600,000 || Africa ||[[Spain]]||[[Canary Islands]]||[[Canarian nationalism]]|| National [[devolution]], further autonomy or total secession from Mainland Spain. |
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|[[Canarian people]] || [[File:Mpaiac.PNG|50px|border|center]] || [[Guanche language]] (extinct), [[Spanish language|Spanish]]|| [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,600,000 || Africa || [[Spain]] || [[Canary Islands]] || [[Canarian nationalism]] || National [[devolution]], further autonomy or total secession from Mainland Spain. |
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|[[Ryukyuan people]]||[[File:Ryukyu Islands' Independence Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Ryukyuan language|Ryukyuan]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]]||[[Buddhism]]|| 1,600,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcpwindowonjapan.com/2016/05/the-amazing-ryukyu-culture/|title=The Amazing Ryukyu Culture|publisher=kcpwindowonjapan.com|accessdate=2016-05-05}}</ref>|| Asia ||[[Japan]]||[[Ryukyu Islands]]||[[Ryukyu independence movement]]|| Historically occupied the [[Ryukyu Kingdom]]. |
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|[[Ryukyuan people]] || [[File:Ryukyu Islands' Independence Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Ryukyuan language|Ryukyuan]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]] || [[Buddhism]] || 1,600,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcpwindowonjapan.com/2016/05/the-amazing-ryukyu-culture/|title=The Amazing Ryukyu Culture|publisher=kcpwindowonjapan.com|accessdate=2016-05-05}}</ref> || Asia || [[Japan]] || [[Ryukyu Islands]] || [[Ryukyu independence movement]] || Historically occupied the [[Ryukyu Kingdom]]. |
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|[[Frisians]]||[[File:Flag of Frisia.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Frisian languages|Frisian]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[German language|German]], [[Danish language|Danish]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,500,000 || Europe ||[[Netherlands]], [[Denmark]], and [[Germany]]||[[Frisia]]||[[Frisian National Party]], [[Groep fan Auwerk]]|| The creation of a new Frisian state. |
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|[[Frisians]] || [[File:Flag of Frisia.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Frisian languages|Frisian]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[German language|German]], [[Danish language|Danish]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,500,000 || Europe || [[Netherlands]], [[Denmark]], and [[Germany]]||[[Frisia]] || [[Frisian National Party]], [[Groep fan Auwerk]] || The creation of a new Frisian state. |
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|[[Tripuri people]]||[[File:Unofficial flag of Tripura.png|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Kokborok]]||[[Hinduism]]|| 1,520,000 (2002)<ref name="auto2">James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z'' 2002 p.1915</ref>|| Asia ||[[India]]||[[Tripura]]||[[Tripuri nationalism]], [[All Tripura Tiger Force]], [[National Liberation Front of Tripura]]|| Historically occupied the [[Twipra Kingdom]]. 1949, Tripuris had a population of 85% in Tripura, 2002 they make up 29% and became a minority in their own homeland.<ref name="auto2" /> |
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|[[Tripuri people]] || [[File:Unofficial flag of Tripura.png|50px|border|center]] || [[Kokborok]] || [[Hinduism]] || 1,520,000 (2002)<ref name="auto2">James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z'' 2002 p.1915</ref> || Asia || [[India]] || [[Tripura]] || [[Tripuri nationalism]], [[All Tripura Tiger Force]], [[National Liberation Front of Tripura]] || Historically occupied the [[Twipra Kingdom]]. 1949, Tripuris had a population of 85% in Tripura, 2002 they make up 29% and became a minority in their own homeland.<ref name="auto2"/> |
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|[[Bodo people]]||[[File:Bandera Bodoland.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Bodo language]]||[[Bathouism]]|| 1,300,000 || Asia ||[[India]]||[[Bodoland]]||[[Bodo nationalism]], [[National Democratic Front of Bodoland]]|| National [[devolution]] or further autonomy from the India. |
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|[[Bodo people]] || [[File:Bandera Bodoland.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Bodo language]] || [[Bathouism]] || 1,300,000 || Asia || [[India]] || [[Bodoland]] || [[Bodo nationalism]], [[National Democratic Front of Bodoland]] || National [[devolution]] or further autonomy from the India. |
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|[[Tuareg people]]||[[File:MNLA flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Tuareg language]]||[[Islam]]|| 1,200,000 || Africa ||[[Mali]] and [[Niger]]||[[Azawad]]||[[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]], [[Tuareg rebellion (2012)]], [[Northern Mali conflict]]|| National devolution, further autonomy or total secession from Mali. |
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|[[Tuareg people]] || [[File:MNLA flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Tuareg language]] || [[Islam]] || 1,200,000 || Africa || [[Mali]] and [[Niger]] || [[Azawad]] || [[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]], [[Tuareg rebellion (2012)]], [[Northern Mali conflict]] || National devolution, further autonomy or total secession from Mali. |
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|[[Mapuche]]||[[File:Flag of the Mapuches.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Mapudungun]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,000,000<ref>Christopher Blomquist, ''A Primary Source Guide to Chile'' 2005 p.15</ref>|| America ||[[Argentina]] and [[Chile]]||[[Araucanía (historic region)|Araucanía]]||[[Mapuche conflict]]|| |
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|[[Mapuche]] || [[File:Flag of the Mapuches.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Mapudungun]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,000,000<ref>Christopher Blomquist, ''A Primary Source Guide to Chile'' 2005 p.15</ref> || America || [[Argentina]] and [[Chile]] || [[Araucanía (historic region)|Araucanía]] || [[Mapuche conflict]] || |
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|[[Asturian people]]||[[File:Flag_of_Asturias.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Asturian language]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 925,000 (2002)<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: D-K'' 2002 p.211</ref>|| Europe ||[[Spain]]||[[Asturias]]||[[Asturian nationalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. |
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|[[Asturian people]] || [[File:Flag_of_Asturias.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Asturian language]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 925,000 (2002)<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: D-K'' 2002 p.211</ref> || Europe || [[Spain]] || [[Asturias]] || [[Asturian nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. |
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|[[Silesians]]||[[File:POL województwo śląskie flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Silesian language|Silesian]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[German language|German]], [[Czech language|Czech]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 900,000 || Europe ||[[Poland]], [[Czech Republic]] and [[Germany]]||[[Silesia]]||[[Silesian Autonomy Movement]]|| Divided into [[Upper Silesia]] and [[Lower Silesia]]. |
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|[[Silesians]] || [[File:POL województwo śląskie flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Silesian language|Silesian]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[German language|German]], [[Czech language|Czech]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 900,000 || Europe || [[Poland]], [[Czech Republic]] and [[Germany]] || [[Silesia]] || [[Silesian Autonomy Movement]] || Divided into [[Upper Silesia]] and [[Lower Silesia]]. |
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|[[Lezgins]]||[[File:Lezgian flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Lezgin language|Lezgian]]||[[Islam]]|| 800,000+ || Europe ||[[Russia]], [[Azerbaijan]]||[[Lezgistan]]||[[Lezgistan#Political concept|Lezgin Nationalism]]|| Unification of the Lezgin people in Azerbaijan and [[Dagestan]] (Russia). |
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|[[Lezgins]] || [[File:Lezgian flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Lezgin language|Lezgian]] || [[Islam]] || 800,000+ || Europe || [[Russia]], [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Lezgistan]] || [[Lezgistan#Political concept|Lezgin Nationalism]] || Unification of the Lezgin people in Azerbaijan and [[Dagestan]] (Russia). |
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|[[Fur people]]||[[File:Flag of Darfur.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Fur language|Fur]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]]||[[Islam]]|| 800,000<ref>James Stuart Olson, ''The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary'' 1996 p.183</ref>|| Africa ||[[Sudan]]||[[Dafur]]||[[War in Darfur]], [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|SLM/A]]|| Historically occupied the [[Sultanate of Darfur]]. |
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|[[Fur people]] || [[File:Flag of Darfur.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Fur language|Fur]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || [[Islam]] || 800,000<ref>James Stuart Olson, ''The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary'' 1996 p.183</ref> || Africa || [[Sudan]] || [[Dafur]] || [[War in Darfur]], [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|SLM/A]] || Historically occupied the [[Sultanate of Darfur]]. |
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|[[Māori people]]||[[File:Tino Rangatiratanga Maori sovereignty movement flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Māori language|Māori]], [[New Zealand English|English]]||[[Christianity]] with native || 750,000 || Oceania ||[[New Zealand]]||[[New Zealand]]||[[Māori protest movement]]|| |
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|[[Māori people]] || [[File:Tino Rangatiratanga Maori sovereignty movement flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Māori language|Māori]], [[New Zealand English|English]] || [[Christianity]] with native || 750,000 || Oceania || [[New Zealand]]|| [[New Zealand]] || [[Māori protest movement]] || |
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|[[Aboriginal Australians]]||[[File:Australian Aboriginal Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Australian Aboriginal languages|Aboriginal languages]]||[[Christianity]] (principally [[Anglicanism]] and [[Roman Catholicism]]) with native || 680,000 || Oceania ||[[Australia]]||[[Australia]]||[[Australian Aboriginal Sovereignty|Movement is fragmented]] or focused on specific aboriginal groups || |
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|[[Aboriginal Australians]] || [[File:Australian Aboriginal Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Australian Aboriginal languages|Aboriginal languages]] || [[Christianity]] (principally [[Anglicanism]] and [[Roman Catholicism]]) with native || 680,000 || Oceania || [[Australia]] || [[Australia]] || [[Australian Aboriginal Sovereignty|Movement is fragmented]] or focused on specific aboriginal groups || |
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|[[Karakalpaks]]||[[File:Flag of Karakalpakstan.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Karakalpak language]]||[[Islam]]|| 620,000 || Asia ||[[Uzbekistan]]||[[Karakalpakstan]]||[[Karakalpakstan#Politics|Karakalpak Nationalism]]|| Regional autonomy in [[Karakalpakstan]] |
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|[[Karakalpaks]] || [[File:Flag of Karakalpakstan.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Karakalpak language]] || [[Islam]] || 620,000 || Asia || [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Karakalpakstan]] || [[Karakalpakstan#Politics|Karakalpak Nationalism]] || Regional autonomy in [[Karakalpakstan]] |
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|[[Cornish people]]||[[File:Flag of Cornwall.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Cornish language|Cornish]], [[Anglo-Cornish|Cornish English]], [[English language|English]]||[[Christianity]] (principally [[Protestantism]]) || 534,300 (only Cornwall) || Europe ||[[United Kingdom]]||[[Cornwall]]||[[Cornish nationalism]], [[Mebyon Kernow]], [[Cornish Nationalist Party]]||National [[devolution]] or further autonomy from the United Kingdom. |
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|[[Cornish people]] || [[File:Flag of Cornwall.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Cornish language|Cornish]], [[Anglo-Cornish|Cornish English]], [[English language|English]]||[[Christianity]] (principally [[Protestantism]]) || 534,300 (only Cornwall) || Europe || [[United Kingdom]] || [[Cornwall]] || [[Cornish nationalism]], [[Mebyon Kernow]], [[Cornish Nationalist Party]] ||National [[devolution]] or further autonomy from the United Kingdom. |
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|[[Native Hawaiians|Hawaiian people]]||[[File:Kanaka Maoli flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Hawaiian language]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]] and [[Protestantism]]) with native || 527,000 || Oceania ||[[United States]]||[[Hawaii]]||[[Hawaiian sovereignty movement]]|| Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]]. |
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|[[Native Hawaiians|Hawaiian people]] || [[File:Kanaka Maoli flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Hawaiian language]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]] and [[Protestantism]]) with native || 527,000 || Oceania || [[United States]] || [[Hawaii]] || [[Hawaiian sovereignty movement]] || Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]]. |
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|[[Moravians]]||[[File:Banner_of_arms_of_Moravia.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Czech language|Czech]] ([[Moravian dialects|Moravian]]), [[Slovak language|Slovak]]||Traditionally [[Roman Catholicism]] presently [[Irreligion]]|| 525,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vdb.czso.cz/sldbvo/#!stranka=podle-tematu&tu=30715&th=&v=&vo=H4sIAAAAAAAAAFvzloG1uIhBMCuxLFGvtCQzR88jsTjDN7GAlf3WwcNiCReZGZjcGLhy8hNT3BKTS_KLPBk4SzKKUosz8nNSKgrsHRhAgKecA0gKADF3CQNnaLBrUIBjkKNvcSFDHQMDhhqGCqCiYA__cLCiEgZGvxIGdg9_Fz__EMeCEgY2b38XZ89gIIvLxTHEP8wx2NEFJM4ZHOIY5u_t7-MJ1OIP5IdEBkT5OwU5RgH5IUB9fo4ePq4uEPNYw1yDolzhPstJzEvX88wrSU1PLRJ6tGDJ98Z2CyYGRk8G1rLEnNLUiiIGAYQ6v9LcpNSitjVTZbmnPOhmArq34D8QlDDwAG10C_KFWcoe4ugU6uPtWMLA4eni6hcSEAZ0FYe_k3OQmaGJYwUAIQCAbFsBAAA.&vseuzemi=null&void=|title=Census 2011 – final results|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.statistics.sk/files/tab.11.pdf |title=Statistics|website=portal.statistics.sk}}</ref>|| Europe ||[[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]]||[[Moravia]]||[[Moravané|Moravians]]|| Historically occupied the [[Great Moravia|Moravian Empire]] |
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|[[Moravians]] || [[File:Banner_of_arms_of_Moravia.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Czech language|Czech]] ([[Moravian dialects|Moravian]]), [[Slovak language|Slovak]]||Traditionally [[Roman Catholicism]] presently [[Irreligion]] || 525,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vdb.czso.cz/sldbvo/#!stranka=podle-tematu&tu=30715&th=&v=&vo=H4sIAAAAAAAAAFvzloG1uIhBMCuxLFGvtCQzR88jsTjDN7GAlf3WwcNiCReZGZjcGLhy8hNT3BKTS_KLPBk4SzKKUosz8nNSKgrsHRhAgKecA0gKADF3CQNnaLBrUIBjkKNvcSFDHQMDhhqGCqCiYA__cLCiEgZGvxIGdg9_Fz__EMeCEgY2b38XZ89gIIvLxTHEP8wx2NEFJM4ZHOIY5u_t7-MJ1OIP5IdEBkT5OwU5RgH5IUB9fo4ePq4uEPNYw1yDolzhPstJzEvX88wrSU1PLRJ6tGDJ98Z2CyYGRk8G1rLEnNLUiiIGAYQ6v9LcpNSitjVTZbmnPOhmArq34D8QlDDwAG10C_KFWcoe4ugU6uPtWMLA4eni6hcSEAZ0FYe_k3OQmaGJYwUAIQCAbFsBAAA.&vseuzemi=null&void=|title=Census 2011 – final results|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.statistics.sk/files/tab.11.pdf |title=Statistics|website=portal.statistics.sk}}</ref> || Europe || [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]] || [[Moravia]] || [[Moravané|Moravians]] || Historically occupied the [[Great Moravia|Moravian Empire]] |
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|[[Kashubians]]||[[File:Kashubian flag.svg|50px|border|centre]] |
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| ||[[Kashubian language|Kashubian]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || data-sort-value="500,000" |~0.5 million (2002–07)<ref name="Grabowska2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ies.ee/iesp/grabowska.pdf|title=The Institute for European Studies, Ethnological institute of UW|date=|accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref><ref name="Kaschuben heute">{{cite web|url=http://instytutkaszubski.republika.pl/pdfy/niemiecki.pdf|title=Kaschuben heute: Kultur-Sprache-Identität|date=|pages=8–9|language=German|accessdate=2016-01-03}}</ref> of which 233,000 as ethnic-national identity (2011) || Europe ||[[Poland]]||[[Pomerania]]||[[Kaszëbskô Jednota]]|| Kashubians with [[Slovincian]]s (extinct) formed the [[West Slavs|West Slavic tribes]] of [[Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)|Pomeranians]]. |
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|[[Kashubians]] || [[File:Kashubian flag.svg|50px|border|centre]] || [[Kashubian language|Kashubian]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || data-sort-value="500,000"|~0.5 million (2002–07)<ref name="Grabowska2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ies.ee/iesp/grabowska.pdf|title=The Institute for European Studies, Ethnological institute of UW|date=|accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref><ref name="Kaschuben heute">{{cite web|url=http://instytutkaszubski.republika.pl/pdfy/niemiecki.pdf|title=Kaschuben heute: Kultur-Sprache-Identität|date=|pages=8–9|language=German|accessdate=2016-01-03}}</ref> of which 233,000 as ethnic-national identity (2011) || Europe || [[Poland]] || [[Pomerania]] || [[Kaszëbskô Jednota]] || Kashubians with [[Slovincian]]s (extinct) formed the [[West Slavs|West Slavic tribes]] of [[Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)|Pomeranians]]. |
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|[[Ogoni people]]||[[File:Flag of the Ogoni people.svg|50 px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Ogoni language]]||[[Christianity]] with native || 500,000 || Africa ||[[Nigeria]]||[[Ogoniland]]||[[Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People]]|| |
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|[[Ogoni people]] || [[File:Flag of the Ogoni people.svg|50 px|border|center]] || [[Ogoni language]] || [[Christianity]] with native || 500,000 || Africa || [[Nigeria]] || [[Ogoniland]] || [[Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People]] || |
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|[[Crimean Tatars]]||[[File:Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg|50px|border|centre]] |
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| ||[[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]||[[Islam]]|| 500,000 || Europe ||[[Ukraine]]||[[Crimea]]||[[Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People]]<br />[[Republic of Crimea#Crimean Tatars|Tatars in Republic of Crimea]]<br />[[Deportation of the Crimean Tatars]]|| Previously an [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea|autonomous republic within Ukraine]], after being [[Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)|invaded]] and [[2014 Russian annexation of Crimea|annexed by Russia]] in 2014 the Crimean Tatars are currently seeking autonomy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/29/us-ukraine-crisis-crimea-tatars-idUSBREA2S09320140329|title=Crimean Tatars' want autonomy after Russia's seizure of peninsula|work=Reuters}}</ref> |
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|[[Sahrawi people]]<ref>Mariano Aguirre, [http://www.tni.org/archives/act/463 ''Vers la fin du conflit au Sahara occidental, Espoirs de paix en Afrique du Nord Latine''] in: ''Le Monde diplomatique, Novembre 1997''</ref> || [[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Hassaniya Arabic]] (native), [[Berber languages]] (native), [[Modern Standard Arabic]] (written only), and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ([[lingua franca]]) || [[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam]] ([[Maliki]]), [[Sufism]]) || 500,000<ref name=unpop>{{cite journal |url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf |title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1 |version=2008 revision |publisher=United Nations |author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division |year=2009 |accessdate=12 March 2009}}</ref> || Africa || [[Morocco]], [[Algeria]], [[Mauretania]] ||[[Western Sahara]] || [[Western Sahara conflict]], [[Polisario Front]], [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] || partially controlled by the self-proclaimed [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] and partially Moroccan-[[occupied territory|occupied]] |
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|[[Sahrawi people]]<ref>Mariano Aguirre, [http://www.tni.org/archives/act/463 ''Vers la fin du conflit au Sahara occidental, Espoirs de paix en Afrique du Nord Latine''] in: ''Le Monde diplomatique, Novembre 1997''</ref>||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Hassaniya Arabic]] (native), [[Berber languages]] (native), [[Modern Standard Arabic]] (written only), and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ([[lingua franca]]) ||[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam]] ([[Maliki]]), [[Sufism]]) || 500,000<ref name="unpop">{{cite journal |url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf |title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1 |version=2008 revision |publisher=United Nations |author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division |year=2009 |accessdate=12 March 2009}}</ref>|| Africa ||[[Morocco]], [[Algeria]], [[Mauretania]]||[[Western Sahara]]||[[Western Sahara conflict]], [[Polisario Front]], [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]|| partially controlled by the self-proclaimed [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] and partially Moroccan-[[occupied territory|occupied]] |
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|[[Yakuts]] || [[File:Flag of Sakha.svg|center|50x50px]] || [[Yakut language]], [[Russian language]] || [[Christianity]], [[Shamanism]], [[Tengrism]] || 480,000–510,000 || Asia || [[Russia]] || [[Yakutia]] || [[Yakut revolt (1918)]] || Regional autonomy in [[Sakha Republic]], Yakut leaders declared Yakutia's sovereignty in 1991 in an attempt to take advantage of the fall of the [[Soviet Union]], though this was unsuccessful<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.geocurrents.info/place/russia-ukraine-and-caucasus/siberia/sakha-yakutia-since-the-fall-of-the-soviet-union|title=Sakha (Yakutia) Since the Fall of the Soviet Union|work=GeoCurrents|access-date=2018-01-20|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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|[[Yakuts]]||[[File:Flag of Sakha.svg|center|50x50px]] |
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| ||[[Yakut language]], [[Russian language]]||[[Christianity]], [[Shamanism]], [[Tengrism]]|| 480,000–510,000 || Asia ||[[Russia]]||[[Yakutia]]||[[Yakut revolt (1918)]]|| Regional autonomy in [[Sakha Republic]], Yakut leaders declared Yakutia's sovereignty in 1991 in an attempt to take advantage of the fall of the [[Soviet Union]], though this was unsuccessful<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.geocurrents.info/place/russia-ukraine-and-caucasus/siberia/sakha-yakutia-since-the-fall-of-the-soviet-union|title=Sakha (Yakutia) Since the Fall of the Soviet Union|work=GeoCurrents|access-date=2018-01-20|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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|[[Chams]] || [[File:Bandera Front Alliberament Cham.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Cham language]] || [[Islam]], [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]] || 400,000 || Asia || [[Vietnam]] || [[South Central Coast]] || [[United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races]], Cham rights movement<ref>{{cite web|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/cham/|title=Cham|website=Minority Rights Group}}</ref> |
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|[[Chams]]||[[File:Bandera Front Alliberament Cham.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Cham language]]||[[Islam]], [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]]|| 400,000 || Asia ||[[Vietnam]]||[[South Central Coast]]||[[United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races]], Cham rights movement<ref>{{cite web|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/cham/|title=Cham|website=Minority Rights Group}}</ref> |
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|Historically occupied the [[Champa]] state. The Cham in Vietnam are only recognized as a minority, and not as an indigenous people by the Vietnamese government despite being indigenous to the region. Vietnamese continue to destroy evidence of Cham culture and artifacts left behind. |
|Historically occupied the [[Champa]] state. The Cham in Vietnam are only recognized as a minority, and not as an indigenous people by the Vietnamese government despite being indigenous to the region. Vietnamese continue to destroy evidence of Cham culture and artifacts left behind. |
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|[[Corsican people]]||[[File:Flag_of_Corsica.svg|border|50px|center]]||[[Corsican language|Corsican]], [[French language|French]], [[Ligurian (Romance language)|Ligurian]], [[Italian language|Italian]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]|| 322,120 || Europe ||[[France]]||[[Corsica]]||[[Corsica Libera]]||[[Territorial collectivity]] in France. |
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|[[Corsican people]]||[[File:Flag_of_Corsica.svg|border|50px|center]] |
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| ||[[Corsican language|Corsican]], [[French language|French]], [[Ligurian (Romance language)|Ligurian]], [[Italian language|Italian]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]|| 322,120 || Europe ||[[France]]||[[Corsica]]||[[Corsica Libera]]||[[Territorial collectivity]] in France. |
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|[[Navajo people|Navajo]] || [[File:Navajo flag.svg|center|frameless|50x50px]] || [[Navajo language]], [[Navajo language]], [[Navajo Sign Language]] || Navajo Traditional, [[Christianity]] (principally [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 300,460 || America || [[United States]] || [[Navajo Nation]] || [[Navajo Wars]] || Regional autonomy in the [[Navajo Nation]]. |
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|[[Navajo people|Navajo]]||[[File:Navajo flag.svg|center|frameless|50x50px]] |
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| ||[[Navajo language]], [[Navajo language]], [[Navajo Sign Language]]|| Navajo Traditional, [[Christianity]] (principally [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 300,460 || America ||[[United States]]||[[Navajo Nation]]||[[Navajo Wars]]|| Regional autonomy in the [[Navajo Nation]]. |
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|[[Tuvans]] || [[File:Flag of Tuva.svg|center|50x50px]] || [[Tuvan language]], [[Russian language]], [[Mongolian language]], [[Chinese language]] || [[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[Tengrism]] || 300,000 || Asia || [[Russia]], [[Mongolia]], [[China]] || [[Tuva]] || People's Front "Free Tuva", People's Party of Sovereign Tuva<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Anaibin|first=Zoia Vasil'evna|date=1995-07-01|title=The Contemporary Ethnic Situation in Tuva|journal=Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia|volume=34|issue=1|pages=42–59|doi=10.2753/AAE1061-1959340142|issn=1061-1959}}</ref> || Regional autonomy in Tuva. |
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|[[Tuvans]]||[[File:Flag of Tuva.svg|center|50x50px]] |
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| ||[[Tuvan language]], [[Russian language]], [[Mongolian language]], [[Chinese language]]||[[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[Tengrism]]|| 300,000 || Asia ||[[Russia]], [[Mongolia]], [[China]]||[[Tuva]]|| People's Front "Free Tuva", People's Party of Sovereign Tuva<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Anaibin|first=Zoia Vasil'evna|date=1995-07-01|title=The Contemporary Ethnic Situation in Tuva|journal=Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia|volume=34|issue=1|pages=42–59|doi=10.2753/AAE1061-1959340142|issn=1061-1959}}</ref>|| Regional autonomy in Tuva. |
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|[[Sikkimese people]] || [[File:Flag of Sikkim (1967-1975).svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sikkimese language]] || [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Christianity]] || 290,000 || Asia || [[India]] || [[Sikkim]] || Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siblac.org/|title=Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee (SIBLAC) :: Welcome|website=www.siblac.org}}</ref> || Formerly the [[Kingdom of Sikkim]]. The Sikkimese people are split among the [[Lepcha people|Lepcha]], [[Limbu people|Limbu]] and [[Bhutia]]s In 1990 Sikkimese Nationalist leaders declared the annexation of Sikkim by India to be illegal<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfnWCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1731|page=1731|title=Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z [4 Volumes]|last=Minahan|first=James|date=2002-05-30|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313076961|language=en}}</ref> |
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|[[Sikkimese people]]||[[File:Flag of Sikkim (1967-1975).svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Sikkimese language]]||[[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Christianity]]|| 290,000 || Asia ||[[India]]||[[Sikkim]]|| Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siblac.org/|title=Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee (SIBLAC) :: Welcome|website=www.siblac.org}}</ref>|| Formerly the [[Kingdom of Sikkim]]. The Sikkimese people are split among the [[Lepcha people|Lepcha]], [[Limbu people|Limbu]] and [[Bhutia]]s In 1990 Sikkimese Nationalist leaders declared the annexation of Sikkim by India to be illegal<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfnWCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1731|page=1731|title=Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z [4 Volumes]|last=Minahan|first=James|date=2002-05-30|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313076961|language=en}}</ref> |
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|[[Lakota people]] || [[File:Pine Ridge Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Lakota language|Lakota]], [[American English|English]] || [[Christianity]] with native || 170,000<ref>The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010</ref> || America || [[United States]] || [[Republic of Lakotah|Lakotah]] || [[Sioux Wars]], [[Lakota Freedom Movement]] || [[Indian reservation|Native American reservation]] politics. |
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|[[Lakota people]]||[[File:Pine Ridge Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Lakota language|Lakota]], [[American English|English]]||[[Christianity]] with native || 170,000<ref>The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010</ref>|| America ||[[United States]]||[[Republic of Lakotah|Lakotah]]||[[Sioux Wars]], [[Lakota Freedom Movement]]||[[Indian reservation|Native American reservation]] politics. |
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|[[Sami people]] || [[File:Sami flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sami languages]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Russian language|Russian]] || [[Christianity]] (principally [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]), [[Animism]]|| 163,400 || Europe || [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[Finland]] and [[Russia]] || [[Sápmi (area)|Sapmi]] || [[Sámi politics]] || Have their own Parliaments in Norway, Sweden & Finland but Sami groups seek more territorial autonomy. |
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|[[Sami people]]||[[File:Sami flag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Sami languages]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Russian language|Russian]]||[[Christianity]] (principally [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]), [[Animism]]|| 163,400 || Europe ||[[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[Finland]] and [[Russia]]||[[Sápmi (area)|Sapmi]]||[[Sámi politics]]|| Have their own Parliaments in Norway, Sweden & Finland but Sami groups seek more territorial autonomy. |
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|[[Inuit]] || || [[Inuit languages]], [[Danish language|Danish]]||[[Christianity]] with native || 135,991 || America || [[Canada]], [[United States]] and [[Denmark]] || [[Siberia]], [[Alaska]], [[Northern Canada]] and [[Greenland]] || [[2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum|Greenland Referendum]], [http://www.itk.ca/ Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami] || Semi-autonomous rule in Greenland with autonomy in Denmark. |
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|[[Inuit]]|| |
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| ||[[Inuit languages]], [[Danish language|Danish]]||[[Christianity]] with native || 135,991 || America ||[[Canada]], [[United States]] and [[Denmark]]||[[Siberia]], [[Alaska]], [[Northern Canada]] and [[Greenland]]||[[2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum|Greenland Referendum]], [http://www.itk.ca/ Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami]|| Semi-autonomous rule in Greenland with autonomy in Denmark. |
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|[[Pamiris]] || [[File:Pamir flag.jpg|50px|border|center]] || [[Pamir languages]] || [[Islam]] || 135,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0191/analit05.php|title=Итоги переписи населения Таджикистана 2000 года: национальный, возрастной, половой, семейный и образовательный составы|website=www.demoscope.ru|access-date=2018-03-15}}</ref> || Asia || [[Tajikistan]] || [[Badakhshan]] || Pamiri nationalism, [[Lali Badakhshan|Lali Badakhshan party]], [[Tajikistani Civil War]] || Regional autonomy in [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region]] |
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|[[Pamiris]]||[[File:Pamir flag.jpg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Pamir languages]]||[[Islam]]|| 135,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0191/analit05.php|title=Итоги переписи населения Таджикистана 2000 года: национальный, возрастной, половой, семейный и образовательный составы|website=www.demoscope.ru|access-date=2018-03-15}}</ref>|| Asia ||[[Tajikistan]]||[[Badakhshan]]|| Pamiri nationalism, [[Lali Badakhshan|Lali Badakhshan party]], [[Tajikistani Civil War]]|| Regional autonomy in [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region]] |
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|[[Karelians]] || [[File:KarelianNationalFlag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Karelian language|Karelian]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]] || [[Christianity]] || 77,000 || Europe || [[Finland]], [[Russia]] || [[Karelia]] || [[East Karelian uprising and Soviet–Finnish conflict of 1921–22|East Karelian uprising]] || Divided into [[East Karelia]] and [[West Karelia]]. |
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|[[Karelians]]||[[File:KarelianNationalFlag.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Karelian language|Karelian]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]]||[[Christianity]]|| 77,000 || Europe ||[[Finland]], [[Russia]]||[[Karelia]]||[[East Karelian uprising and Soviet–Finnish conflict of 1921–22|East Karelian uprising]]|| Divided into [[East Karelia]] and [[West Karelia]]. |
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|[[Faroese people]] || [[File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Faroese language]], [[Danish language|Danish]]||[[Christianity]] (principally [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]) || 66,000 || Europe || [[Denmark]] || [[Faroe Islands]] || [[Faroese independence movement]] || Regional autonomy in Faroe Islands. |
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|[[Faroese people]]||[[File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Faroese language]], [[Danish language|Danish]]||[[Christianity]] (principally [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]) || 66,000 || Europe ||[[Denmark]]||[[Faroe Islands]]||[[Faroese independence movement]]|| Regional autonomy in Faroe Islands. |
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|[[Lusatian Sorbs|Sorbs]] || [[File:Flag of Sorbs.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sorbian languages|Sorbian language]], [[Czech language|Czech]], [[German language|German]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 60,000–70,000 (est.) || Europe || [[Germany]] and [[Czech Republic]] || [[Lusatia]] || [[Domowina]] || Divided into [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbs]] and [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbs]]. |
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|[[Lusatian Sorbs|Sorbs]]||[[File:Flag of Sorbs.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Sorbian languages|Sorbian language]], [[Czech language|Czech]], [[German language|German]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 60,000–70,000 (est.) || Europe ||[[Germany]] and [[Czech Republic]]||[[Lusatia]]||[[Domowina]]|| Divided into [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbs]] and [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbs]]. |
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|[[Ainu people]] || [[File:Flag of Ainu.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Ainu languages]], [[Japanese people]], [[Russian language]] || [[Animism]], [[Shinto]]ism, [[Buddhism]], [[Christianity]] || 25,000 – 200,000 (est.) || Asia || [[Japan]], [[Russia]] || [[Hokkaido]] || Ainu Movement || Seek greater independence in Japan<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hossain|first=Kamrul|last2=Maruyama|first2=Hiroshi|date=2016-01-02|title=Japan's admission to the Arctic Council and commitment to the rights of its indigenous Ainu people|journal=The Polar Journal|volume=6|issue=1|pages=169–187|doi=10.1080/2154896X.2016.1170998|issn=2154-896X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=x1k3r4afaQMC&pg=PA206|page=206|title=Hunters and Gatherers in the Modern World: Conflict, Resistance, and Self-determination|last=Schweitzer|first=Peter P.|last2=Biesele|first2=Megan|last3=Hitchcock|first3=Robert K.|date=2000|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=9781571811028|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://archives.cap.anu.edu.au/asiarightsjournal/Yuuki_Hasegawa.pdf|title=Rights declaration|website=archives.cap.anu.edu.au}}</ref> |
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|[[Ainu people]]||[[File:Flag of Ainu.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Ainu languages]], [[Japanese people]], [[Russian language]]||[[Animism]], [[Shinto]]ism, [[Buddhism]], [[Christianity]]|| 25,000 – 200,000 (est.) || Asia ||[[Japan]], [[Russia]]||[[Hokkaido]]|| Ainu Movement || Seek greater independence in Japan<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hossain|first=Kamrul|last2=Maruyama|first2=Hiroshi|date=2016-01-02|title=Japan's admission to the Arctic Council and commitment to the rights of its indigenous Ainu people|journal=The Polar Journal|volume=6|issue=1|pages=169–187|doi=10.1080/2154896X.2016.1170998|issn=2154-896X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=x1k3r4afaQMC&pg=PA206|page=206|title=Hunters and Gatherers in the Modern World: Conflict, Resistance, and Self-determination|last=Schweitzer|first=Peter P.|last2=Biesele|first2=Megan|last3=Hitchcock|first3=Robert K.|date=2000|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=9781571811028|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://archives.cap.anu.edu.au/asiarightsjournal/Yuuki_Hasegawa.pdf|title=Rights declaration|website=archives.cap.anu.edu.au}}</ref> |
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|[[Rapa Nui people]] || [[File:Easter Island flag 1876 to 1888.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Rapa Nui language]], [[Spanish language]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]]) || 5,682 || Oceania || [[Chile]] || [[Easter Island]] || Rapa Nui independence movement<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/15/easter-island-independence-threat-chile|title=Easter Island issues Chile with independence threat|last=Legrand|first=Christine|date=2013-01-15|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-08-13|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2013/02/201322717502181420.html|title=The Fight for Rapa Nui|last=East|first=101|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2017-08-13}}</ref> |
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|[[Rapa Nui people]]||[[File:Easter Island flag 1876 to 1888.svg|50px|border|center]] |
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| ||[[Rapa Nui language]], [[Spanish language]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]]) || 5,682 || Oceania ||[[Chile]]||[[Easter Island]]|| Rapa Nui independence movement<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/15/easter-island-independence-threat-chile|title=Easter Island issues Chile with independence threat|last=Legrand|first=Christine|date=2013-01-15|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-08-13|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2013/02/201322717502181420.html|title=The Fight for Rapa Nui|last=East|first=101|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2017-08-13}}</ref> |
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|The Rapa Nui Parliament is a pro-independence organisation<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/07/world/americas/slow-burning-rebellion-against-chile-on-easter-island.html|title=Slow-Burning Rebellion Against Chile on Easter Island|last=Romero|first=Simon|date=2012-10-06|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-08-13|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
|The Rapa Nui Parliament is a pro-independence organisation<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/07/world/americas/slow-burning-rebellion-against-chile-on-easter-island.html|title=Slow-Burning Rebellion Against Chile on Easter Island|last=Romero|first=Simon|date=2012-10-06|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-08-13|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 11:34, 15 September 2020
A stateless nation is an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state[1] and is not the majority population in any nation state.[2] The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country).[3][4] Members of stateless nations may be citizens of the country in which they live, or they may be denied citizenship by that country. Stateless nations are usually not represented in international sports or in international organisations such as the United Nations. Nations without state are classified as fourth-world nations.[5][6][7] Some of the stateless nations have a history of statehood, some were always a stateless nation, dominated by another nation.
The term was coined in 1983 by political scientist Jacques Leruez in his book L'Écosse, une nation sans État about the peculiar position of Scotland within the British state. It was later adopted and popularized by Scottish scholars such as David McCrone, Michael Keating and T. M. Devine.[8]
Stateless nations either are dispersed across a number of states (for example, the Yakthung Limbu People residing in east of Nepal, includes (Sikkim and Darjeeling) India and north-western part of Bangladesh as the Yakthung Limbuwan nation[9] and Yoruba people are found in the African states of Nigeria, Benin and Togo) or form the native population of a province within a larger state (such as the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region within the People's Republic of China). Some stateless nations historically had a state, which was absorbed by another; for example, Tibet's declaration of independence in 1913 was not recognized, and it was invaded in 1951 by the People's Republic of China which claims that Tibet is an integral part of China, while the Tibetan government-in-exile maintains that Tibet is an independent state under an unlawful occupation.[10][11] Some ethnic groups were once a stateless nation that later became a nation state (for example, the nations of the Balkans such as the Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks, Slovenes, Montenegrins and Macedonians were once part of a multinational state of Yugoslavia; since the breakup of Yugoslavia many nation states were formed).
Stateless nations can have large populations; for example the Kurds have an estimated population of over 30 million people, which make them one of the largest stateless nations.[12] Multiple stateless nations can reside in the same geographical region or country; for example, Cantabrians, Bercians, Catalans, Canarians, Castilians, Basques, Aragonese, Galicians, Asturians, Valencians and Andalusians within Spanish State, or the Brahui, Santhals, Assamese, Maithils and Balochs in South Asia, or Rohingya in Myanmar, and Kabyle people within Algeria in North Africa.[13] However, not all peoples within multi-cultural states have the same awareness of being a stateless nation. In Spain, only Basques and Catalans have claimed their right of self-determination, which in the Basque country gave rise to the militant movement ETA, and in the case of Catalonia, has led to multiple attempts to secede from Spain during the past four centuries, as an independent Catalan Republic.
As not all states are nation states, there are ethnic groups who live in multinational states without being considered "stateless nations".
Nation-states and nations without states
The symbiotic relationship between nations and states arose in early modern Western Europe (18th century) and it was exported to the rest of the world through colonial rule. Whereas the Western European nation-states are at present relinquishing some of their powers to the European Union, many of the former colonies are now the zealous defenders of the concept of national-statehood.[4]
Only a small fraction of the world's national groups have associated nation-states. The proportion was estimated to be 3 percent by Minahan. The rest are distributed in one or more states. Of the 192 member states of the United Nations in 2006, fewer than 20 are nation-states. Thus nation-states are not as common as often assumed, and stateless nations are the overwhelming majority of nations in the world.[4]
Consequences of colonialism and imperialism
During the imperial and colonial era, powerful nations extended their influence outside their homeland and this resulted in many colonized nations ceasing to be self-governing and have since been described as stateless nations.[14] Some nations have been victims of "carve out" and their homeland was divided among several countries. Even today the colonial boundaries form modern national boundaries. These often differ from cultural boundaries. This results in situations where people of the same language or culture are divided by national borders, for example New Guinea splits as West Papua (former Dutch colony) and Papua New Guinea (former British colony).[15] During decolonization, the colonial powers imposed a unified state structure irrespective of the ethnic differences and granted independence to their colonies as a multinational state. This led to successor states with many minority ethnic groups in them, which increased the potential for ethnic conflicts.[16][17][18][19] Some of these minority groups campaigned for self-determination. Stateless nations were not protected in all countries and become victims of atrocities such as discrimination, ethnic cleansing, genocide, forced assimilation, Exploitation of labour and natural resources.[20][21]
Nationalism and stateless nations
People with a common origin, history, language, culture, customs or religion can turn into a nation by awakening of national consciousness.[22] A nation can exist without a state, as is exemplified by the stateless nations. Citizenship is not always the nationality of a person.[23] In a multinational state different national identities can coexist or compete: for example, in Britain English nationalism, Scottish nationalism and Welsh nationalism exist and are held together by British nationalism.[24] Nationalism is often connected to separatism, because a nation achieves completeness through its independence.[25]
Throughout history, numerous nations declared their independence, but not all succeeded in establishing a state. Even today, there are active autonomy and independence movements around the world. The claim of the stateless nations to self-determination is often denied due to geopolitical interests and increasing globalization of the world.[26][27][28][29] Stateless nations sometimes show solidarity with other stateless nations and maintain diplomatic relations.[30][31]
Not all peoples claim that they are nations or aspire to be states. Some see themselves as part of the multinational state and they believe that their interests are well represented in it. This is also associated with Pan-nationalism (Indian nationalism or Chinese nationalism).[32]
Claims of stateless nations
The following is a list of ethnic and national groups that has been described as stateless nations in reliable sources:
See also
- Ethnic nationalism
- European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
- Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
- List of active autonomist and secessionist movements
- List of federally recognized tribes
- List of First Nations peoples
- List of unrecognized tribes in the United States
- Multinational state
- Non-FIFA international football
- Self-determination
- Sovereignty
- Stateless person
- Stateless society
- Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
References
- ^ Dictionary Of Public Administration, U.C. Mandal, Sarup & Sons 2007, 505 p.
- ^ Frank L. Kidner; Maria Bucur; Ralph Mathisen; Sally McKee; Theodore R. Weeks (2013), Making Europe: The Story of the West, Volume II: Since 1550, Cengage Learning, p. 668, ISBN 978-1-285-50027-0
- ^ Osborne, Louise; Russell, Ruby (27 December 2015). "Stateless in Europe: 'We are no people with no nation'". Retrieved 28 December 2018.
- ^ a b c Chouinard, Stéphanie (2016), "Stateless nations", in Karl Cordell; Stefan Wolff (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Ethnic Conflict, Routledge, pp. 54–66, ISBN 9781317518921
- ^ David Newman, Boundaries, Territory and Postmodernity
- ^ Ethnic Minority Media: An International Perspective, Stephen Harold Riggins, 217p.
- ^ Language in Geographic Context, Colin H. Williams, 39p.
- ^ Verdugo, Richard R.; Milne, Andrew (1 June 2016). National Identity: Theory and Research. IAP. p. 85. ISBN 9781681235257 – via Google Books.
- ^ The letters dispatched by the (Hangtumyahang) presidend Nir Kumar Sambahangphe Limbu of Yakthung Limbuwan National Council (YLNC) to the president of Nepal, Hon'ble Bidya Devi Bhandari, Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II of England and President of India, Hon'ble Ram Nath Kovind as a LETTER OF GRIEVANCES to release Yakthung Limbuwan as an Independent nation from Stateless nation in 19th June 2020.
- ^ Clark, Gregory, In fear of China, 1969, saying: "Tibet, although enjoying independence at certain periods of its history, had never been recognised by any single foreign power as an independent state. The closest it has ever come to such recognition was the British formula of 1943: suzerainty, combined with autonomy and the right to enter into diplomatic relations."
- ^ "The Legal Status of Tibet". Cultural Survival.
- ^ "Who are the Kurds?". TRT World.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, pp. 59–60, 79–80, 366–367
- ^ Redie Bereketeab, Self-Determination and Secession in Africa: The Post-Colonial State
- ^ Richard Devetak, Christopher W. Hughes, Routledge, 2007-12-18, The Globalization of Political Violence: Globalization's Shadow
- ^ Cultural Analysis: Towards Cross-cultural Understanding (2006), Hans Gullestrup, 130p.
- ^ Ethnicity and Christian leadership in west African sub-region: proceedings of the conference of the fifteenth CIWA Theology Week held at the Catholic Institute of West Africa (2004), Port Harcourt, p.272
- ^ Mussolini Warlord: Failed Dreams of Empire, 1940–1943 (2013), H. James Burgwyn, Chapter V
- ^ Ethnic Groups in Conflict (2009), Karl Cordell, Stefan Wolff
- ^ Donald L. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict
- ^ Bruce E. Johansen, Resource Exploitation in Native North America: A Plague upon the Peoples
- ^ George W. White, Nationalism and Territory: Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe
- ^ Understanding National Identity by David McCrone, Frank Bechhofer, p.22
- ^ Unionist-Nationalism: Governing Urban Scotland, 1830–1860 by Graeme Morton, 1999
- ^ James Minahan, Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: A-C
- ^ Nationalism and Globalisation (2015), Stephen Tierney
- ^ The Tamil Genocide by Sri Lanka: The Global Failure to Protect Tamil Rights Under International Law, Francis Boyle, chapter self determination.
- ^ Turmoil in the Middle East: Imperialism, War, and Political Instability (1999), Berch Berberoglu, 69p.
- ^ "Europe's Stateless Nations in the Era of Globalization, The Case for Catalonia's Secession by Josep Desquens". saisjournal.org.
- ^ The delegates were linked with the Scottish group ‘SNP Friends of Catalonia’, which itself had members recently visit the Catalan parliament in Barcelona in a show of solidarity to the country's hopes of self-determination. "Catalan delegates in solidarity visit to Scotland's independence movement". commonspace.scot.
- ^ The Catalan President and the Head of the Corsican government meet in Barcelona. The meeting lasted more than two hours and focused on enhancing the cooperation between the two nations in a regional and European level. "EFA brings stateless nations even closer". European Free Alliance.
- ^ Ian Adams, Political Ideology Today p.73
- ^ Religious Nationalism: A Reference Handbook: A Reference Handbook, Atalia Omer, Jason A. Springs (2013)
- ^ The World Factbook (Online ed.). Langley, Virginia: US Central Intelligence Agency. 2015. ISSN 1553-8133. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
- ^ The Kurdish Population
- ^ "Benue-Congo languages".
- ^ John A. Shoup III, Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia 2011 p.237
- ^ James Minahan, Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World 2016 p.178
- ^ Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in Nationalencyklopedin
- ^ The United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA), the vanguard of national liberation struggle in Assam, was formed on 7th April 1979 to bear the historic responsibility of spearheading the armed democratic struggle with the ultimate aim of establishing an independent socialist sovereign Assam. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/ulfa.htm
- ^ "About Uyghurs | Uyghur American Association". uyghuramerican.org.
- ^ [[[Uyghurs]] "Uyghurs"].
{{cite web}}
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- ^ Syed Farooq Hasnat, Pakistan 2011 p.82
- ^ "The Kabyle People". Retrieved 2 August 2016.
- ^ "Iran". Ethnologue. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
- ^ James B. Minahan, Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World 2016 p.13
- ^ James Minahan, Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z 2002 p.402
- ^ James B. Minahan, Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World 2016 p.422
- ^ James B. Minahan, Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: D-K 2002 p.677
- ^ James B. Minahan, Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World 2016 p.352
- ^ "Assessment for Lozi in Zambia". Minorities at Risk. Archived from the original on 2010-06-03. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ^ "Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España". La Vanguardia. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
- ^ Jeffrey Cole, Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia 2011 p.235
- ^ James Minahan, Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z 2002 p.1714
- ^ Acehnese. Encyclopædia Britannica. ©2016 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved on July 8, 2016.
- ^ Aris Ananta, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, International Migration in Southeast Asia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004, p.267
- ^ "UNPO: Assyria". Retrieved 2 August 2016.
- ^ Jeffrey Cole, Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia 2011 p.38
- ^ Larry Clark. Turkmen Reference Grammar. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998; p. 11. ISBN 9783447040198
- ^ James B. Minahan, Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z 2002 p.870
- ^ "Aragonese in Spain". joshuaproject.net.
- ^ "Eurominority – La solidarité avec le peuple palestinien". Archived from the original on 2006-06-23.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations, James Minahan, pg. 1661
- ^ Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez (2011). Atlas of Stateless Nations in Europe : Minority People in Search of Recognition. Y Lolfa Cyf. pp. 70. ISBN 978-1847713797.
- ^ "La Sardegna nel club delle nazioni: un capitolo nella Bibbia dell'etnie del mondo – Cronaca – L'Unione Sarda.it". 11 January 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
- ^ "The Amazing Ryukyu Culture". kcpwindowonjapan.com. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
- ^ a b James Minahan, Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z 2002 p.1915
- ^ Christopher Blomquist, A Primary Source Guide to Chile 2005 p.15
- ^ James B. Minahan, Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: D-K 2002 p.211
- ^ James Stuart Olson, The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary 1996 p.183
- ^ "Census 2011 – final results".
- ^ "Statistics" (PDF). portal.statistics.sk.
- ^ "The Institute for European Studies, Ethnological institute of UW" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- ^ "Kaschuben heute: Kultur-Sprache-Identität" (PDF) (in German). pp. 8–9. Retrieved 2016-01-03.
- ^ "Crimean Tatars' want autonomy after Russia's seizure of peninsula". Reuters.
- ^ Mariano Aguirre, Vers la fin du conflit au Sahara occidental, Espoirs de paix en Afrique du Nord Latine in: Le Monde diplomatique, Novembre 1997
- ^ Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009). "World Population Prospects, Table A.1" (PDF). 2008 revision. United Nations. Retrieved 12 March 2009.
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(help) - ^ "Sakha (Yakutia) Since the Fall of the Soviet Union". GeoCurrents. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ^ "Cham". Minority Rights Group.
- ^ Anaibin, Zoia Vasil'evna (1995-07-01). "The Contemporary Ethnic Situation in Tuva". Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia. 34 (1): 42–59. doi:10.2753/AAE1061-1959340142. ISSN 1061-1959.
- ^ "Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee (SIBLAC) :: Welcome". www.siblac.org.
- ^ Minahan, James (2002-05-30). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z [4 Volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 1731. ISBN 9780313076961.
- ^ The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010
- ^ "Итоги переписи населения Таджикистана 2000 года: национальный, возрастной, половой, семейный и образовательный составы". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
- ^ Hossain, Kamrul; Maruyama, Hiroshi (2016-01-02). "Japan's admission to the Arctic Council and commitment to the rights of its indigenous Ainu people". The Polar Journal. 6 (1): 169–187. doi:10.1080/2154896X.2016.1170998. ISSN 2154-896X.
- ^ Schweitzer, Peter P.; Biesele, Megan; Hitchcock, Robert K. (2000). Hunters and Gatherers in the Modern World: Conflict, Resistance, and Self-determination. Berghahn Books. p. 206. ISBN 9781571811028.
- ^ "Rights declaration" (PDF). archives.cap.anu.edu.au.
- ^ Legrand, Christine (2013-01-15). "Easter Island issues Chile with independence threat". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-08-13.
- ^ East, 101. "The Fight for Rapa Nui". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2017-08-13.
{{cite web}}
:|first=
has numeric name (help) - ^ Romero, Simon (2012-10-06). "Slow-Burning Rebellion Against Chile on Easter Island". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-08-13.
Sources
- Keating, Michael (2001), Nations Against the State: The New Politics of Nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland (Second ed.), Palgrave
- Levinson, David, ed. (1998), Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook, Phoenix, AZ: The Oryx Press, ISBN 978-1-57356-019-1
- Minahan, James, ed. (2002), Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World, Westport: Greenwood Press, ISBN 978-0-313-31617-3
- Bodlore-Penlaez, Mikael, ed. (2011), Atlas of Stateless Nations in Europe, minority peoples in search of recognition, Ceredigion: Y Lolfa, ISBN 978-1-84771-379-7