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Mathis cast Valentino as a lead male |
Mathis cast Valentino as a lead male character in her next film ''[[The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (film)|The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse]]'', which was directed by [[Rex Ingram (director)|Rex Ingram]]. Ingram and Valentino did not get along and it was up to Mathis to constantly keep the peace. Released in [[1921 in film|1921]], the film was a commercial and critical success(becoming the first film to make at least $1,000,000.00 at the box office)<ref name="VSuperstar102141"> Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 102-141</ref> and made Valentino a star, earning him the nickname "Tango Legs" in honor of the famous Tango number he performed in the film.<ref name="VSuperstar102141" /> Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 102-141</ref> Despite the fact that he was now a top star at [[Metro Pictures Corporation|Metro Pictures]], Valentino was still unhappy with the $350.00 a week salary the company was offering, and asked for a $100.00.<ref name="VSuperstar141">Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 141</ref> When [[Metro Pictures Corporation|Metro Pictures]] refused to meet with his demands, Valentino then took the advice of his girlfriend Natacha Rambova and left the company.<ref name="VSuperstar141" /> Taking more advice from Natacha, Valentino then visited Paramount's Famous Players-Lasky Studios, and studio chief Jesse Lasky agreed to hire Valentino for five year contract, starting at $500.00 a week<ref name="VSuperstar">Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 144</ref> |
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⚫ | Valentino's first film at Paramount was considered to be a big turning point in Valentino's film career as well<ref name="VSuperstar">Noel Botham, "Valentino-The First Superstar," pg. 145-189</ref>. ''[[The Sheik (film)|The Sheik]]'' was a phenominal success at the box office, and cemented Valentino's image as both a top star in Hollywood and a leading sex symbol among women as well.<ref name="VSuperstar" /> ''[[The Sheik (film)|The Sheik]]'' was followed by another success, ''[[Blood and Sand]]'', which was released in [[1922 in film|1922]] and featured Valentino with two female co-stars, [[Lila Lee]] and [[Nita Naldi]]<ref name="VSuperstar" /> . However, in [[1922]], Valentino became disenchanted with his small salary ($1,200 a week when several major stars made $10,000 a week) and his lack of creative control (he wanted to film in [[Europe]] and have better sets and costumes). On September 2, 1922 Valentino announced he was unhappy with Paramount and that he intended to leave the studio unless his demands were met.<ref name="VSuperstar191">Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 191</ref> He went on a "one man strike" against [[Famous Players-Lasky]] and refused to show up on set. Two weeks later, Paramount retaliated against Valentino's strike and enforced an injunction restraining him from entering into a new contract with any other film company.<ref name="VSuperstar191" /> Valentino was not pleased with the injunction, and sued Paramount for damages.<ref name="VSuperstar191205"> Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 191-205</ref> At one point, Paramount had also agreed to patch up their differences with Valentino gave him an offer to return to work for a salary of $7,000.00 a week and the right to consult over his choice of films and directors.<ref name="VSuperstar191" /> Valentino, taking advice again from his girlfriend Natacha Rambova, told Paramount he would not accept their offer.<ref name="VSuperstar192">Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 192</ref> |
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Despite the fact that he was now a top star at [[Metro Pictures Corporation|Metro Pictures]], Valentino was still unhappy with the $350.00 a week salary the company was offering, and asked for a $1000.00.<ref name="VSuperstar141">Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 141</ref> When [[Metro Pictures Corporation|Metro Pictures]] refused to meet with his demands, Valentino then took the advice of his then Natacha Rambova and left the company.<ref name="VSuperstar141" /> Following more of her advice Valentino then visited Famous Players-Lasky Studios (which would later become Paramount). Studio chief [[Jesse Lasky]] agreed to sign Valentino for a five year contract, starting at $500.00 a week<ref name="VSuperstar">Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 144</ref> |
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⚫ | To ensure that his name remained in the public eye, and also pay off debts he and Natacha now had,<ref name="VSuperstar198">Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg.198</ref> Valentino and Natacha accepted an offer from the Mineralava Beauty Clay Company to promote the company's products with a nationwide dance tour for a salary of $7,000.00 a week.<ref name="VSuperstar199"> Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 199 </ref> During each show, the couple perform dance numbers and Valentino would conduct a beauty contest, with the winner being promised a chance for a movie contract<ref name="VSuperstar201">Noel Botham, "Valentino:The First Superstar," pg. 201</ref> Rudolph and Natacha toured through eighty-eight different cities across the United States<ref name="midpla">http://www.midnightpalace.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=27</ref>, and were able to attract record breaking audiences in many of these cities as well.<ref name="VSuperstar202">Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 202</ref> During this period, he also published a book of poetry called Day Dreams, and had his biography serialized in the March, 1923 edition Photoplay magazine as well.<ref name="VSuperstar202" /> The March, 1923 edition of Photoplay gave the magazine record sales<ref name="VSuperstar202" />, and Valentino's book Day Dreams sold in great numbers<ref name="VSuperstar202" />. The tour concluded at Madison Square Garden, and at this event, each winner from the local contests gathered to meet for the movie contract.<ref name="midpla" />;one of [[David O. Selznick]]'s first films, titled "Valentino and His 88 American Beauties," documented this historic event as well.<ref name="midpla" /> On [[May 14]], [[1923]], while in New York City, he made his first and last record, consisting of "Valentino's renditions" of [[Amy Woodforde-Finden]]'s "[[Kashmiri Song]]" featured in ''The Sheik'' and [[José Padilla (musician)|Jose Padilla]]'s "El Relicario," used in ''Blood and Sand''. The recording was shelved for unknown reasons until after his death. |
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Valentino's first film for Famous Players would be the picture that defined his career.<ref name="VSuperstar">Noel Botham, "Valentino-The First Superstar," pg. 145-189</ref>. ''[[The Sheik (film)|The Sheik]]'' was a major success at the box office, and cemented Valentino's image as both a top star in Hollywood and the leading sex symbol among women as well.<ref name="VSuperstar" /> ''[[The Sheik (film)|The Sheik]]'' was followed by another success, ''[[Blood and Sand]]'', which was released in [[1922 in film|1922]] and featured Valentino with two female co-stars, [[Lila Lee]] and [[Nita Naldi]]<ref name="VSuperstar" /> . |
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⚫ | However, in [[1922]], Valentino became disenchanted with his small salary ($1,200 a week when several major stars made $10,000 a week) and his lack of creative control (he wanted to film in [[Europe]] and have better sets and costumes). On September 2, 1922 Valentino announced he was unhappy with |
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⚫ | To ensure that his name remained in the public eye, and also |
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Despite all the money Valentino was making from the dance tour and book sales, he still was unable to get out of debt.<ref name="VSuperstar205"> Noel Botham,"Valentino-The First Superstar" pg. 205</ref> To help pay off his debt, Valentino accepted a new offer from Paramount to return to work for a salary of $7,500 and a guarantee for creative control over his next films.<ref name="VSuperstar206"> Noel Botham,"Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 206</ref>. United Artists producer [[Joseph Schenck]] also gave Valentino a big loan to help ease his fiancial problems as well.<ref name="VSuperstar206" /> In July of 1923, with their debts finally paid off, Rudolph and Natacha(now his wife) went to Europe to celebrate their honeymoon.<ref name="VSuperstar210"> Noel Botham,"Valentino: The First Superstar" pg. 210-241</ref>. The couple toured many different places in the continent, and even made a historic visit to Valentino's hometown in Italy as well.<ref name="VSuperstar210" /> |
Despite all the money Valentino was making from the dance tour and book sales, he still was unable to get out of debt.<ref name="VSuperstar205"> Noel Botham,"Valentino-The First Superstar" pg. 205</ref> To help pay off his debt, Valentino accepted a new offer from Paramount to return to work for a salary of $7,500 and a guarantee for creative control over his next films.<ref name="VSuperstar206"> Noel Botham,"Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 206</ref>. United Artists producer [[Joseph Schenck]] also gave Valentino a big loan to help ease his fiancial problems as well.<ref name="VSuperstar206" /> In July of 1923, with their debts finally paid off, Rudolph and Natacha(now his wife) went to Europe to celebrate their honeymoon.<ref name="VSuperstar210"> Noel Botham,"Valentino: The First Superstar" pg. 210-241</ref>. The couple toured many different places in the continent, and even made a historic visit to Valentino's hometown in Italy as well.<ref name="VSuperstar210" /> |
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Over the years a ''woman in black'' carrying a red rose has come to mourn at Valentino's grave usually on the anniversary of his death. Several myths surround the woman though it seems the first ''woman in black'' was actually a publicity stunt cooked up by press agent Russel Birdwell in 1928. Several copycats have followed over the years.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,760116,00.html Time Magazine Article on Woman in Black]</ref> |
Over the years a ''woman in black'' carrying a red rose has come to mourn at Valentino's grave usually on the anniversary of his death. Several myths surround the woman though it seems the first ''woman in black'' was actually a publicity stunt cooked up by press agent Russel Birdwell in 1928. Several copycats have followed over the years.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,760116,00.html Time Magazine Article on Woman in Black]</ref> |
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Valentino's image as a great lover has lasted long past his death. In popular culture the term 'Valentino' has come to represent a good-looking ladies' man.<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Valentino Etymology Dictionary Listing for Valentino]</ref> Several pop culture items have referenced Valentino over the years. |
Valentino's image as a great lover has lasted long past his death. In popular culture the term 'Valentino' has come to represent a good-looking ladies' man.<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Valentino Etymology Dictionary Listing for Valentino]</ref> It is also questionable on whether or not Valentino would have kept his stardom when films converted to sound, as he also had a squeaky voice, which was heard during a radio broadcast.<ref>http://guidedadc.com/LF_Rudolph_Valentinowma.htm</ref> Several pop culture items have referenced Valentino over the years. |
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*In ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Homer's Night Out]]", Homer gets in trouble for a photo Bart took of him dancing with a [[belly dancer]] making him appear as a ladies' man. At work his boss [[Montgomery Burns]] berates him at one point calling him a Valentino. |
*In ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Homer's Night Out]]", Homer gets in trouble for a photo Bart took of him dancing with a [[belly dancer]] making him appear as a ladies' man. At work his boss [[Montgomery Burns]] berates him at one point calling him a Valentino. |
Revision as of 00:29, 18 March 2008
Rudolph Valentino | |
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Born | Rodolfo Alfonzo Raffaelo Pierre Filibert Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguolla |
Spouse(s) | Jean Acker (1919-1923) Natacha Rambova (1923-1926) |
Rudolph Valentino (May 6, 1895 – August 23, 1926) was an Italian actor, sex symbol, and early pop icon. He was known as 'the Latin Lover'. Valentino was one of the most popular stars of the 1920s and is one of the best remembered stars from the silent movie era. Some of his best known roles are The Sheik and The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Towards the end of his career he tried to take on more serious roles, wanting to be known more for his acting, rather than as just the 'The Latin Lover'. His untimely death at age 31 propelled him into icon status with over 100,000 people attempting to attend his funeral. After his death his legend lived on via devoted fans and pilgrimages to his burial site. He was one of the first celebrities to experience this kind of lasting fame, which Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley enjoyed as well.
Early years
Valentino was born Rodolfo Alfonso Raffaello Piero Filiberto Guglielmi in Castellaneta, Italy, to Marie Berthe Gabrielle Barbin (1856 - 1919), who was French, and Giovanni Antonio Giuseppe Fidele Guglielmi (1853-1906), a veterinarian from Castellaneta, Taranto, Italy. He had an older brother, Alberto (1892-1981), a younger sister, Maria, and an older sister Beatrice who died in infancy.
As a child, Valentino was spoiled and troublesome. He did poorly in school and constantly had to transfer to avoid being failed. He mainly did poorly because he would skip class or not pay attention. His mother eventually enrolled him in an agricultural school where he received a degree.
In 1912, he left for Paris where he spent less than a year before losing his money and asking his mother to send him funds to return to Italy. When he returned to Italy he was unable to secure employment and everyone was sure he would never succeed in life. His uncles decided he should be sent to the United States where they felt he could learn to be a man.
New York
In 1913, Valentino left for New York City. He arrived with about $20,000 which he promptly wasted. After a period on the streets, he eventually supported himself with odd jobs such as busing tables in restaurants, even trying his hand at gardening. Eventually he found work as a taxi dancer and instructor, and later as an exhibition dancer which was the craze at the time. He gained attention for his rendition of the Argentine tango. Several rumors have been taken from this time in his life; including that he worked as a gigolo and was a petty thief. Though neither of these has ever been proven, they persist in certain biopics.
Valentino enjoyed befriending many people of high society. He eventually befriended Chilean heiress Blanca de Saulles who was unhappily married to prominent business man John de Saulles with whom she had a son. Whether the two actually had a romantic relationship is unknown, but Rudolph was quite smitten with her. Eventually the de Saulles divorced in a sensational divorce trial. Valentino decided to take the stand to support Blanca's claim of John's well known infidelity. Mr. de Saulle was not pleased with this and once the divorce was granted, he used his political connections to have Valentino arrested along with a Mrs. Thyme who was a known "madam" on vice charges (the exact charges are unknown). The evidence was flimsy at best (Valentino having been near the wrong place at the wrong time) and after a few days in jail, Valentino's bail was lowered from $10,000 to $1,500. [1]
The scandal was well publicized along with the trial and Valentino felt degraded. No one would hire him and his old friends would no longer talk to him. Blanca seemed to not even thank him for his testimony. Shortly after the trial, Blanca fatally shot her ex-husband over claims of custody of their son. Another sensational trial began, with her being acquitted of murder charges, and Rudolph's name was again dragged through the mud though he had nothing to do with Blanca by this point.
He changed his name from Rodolfo Guglielmi to several variations of 'Rudolph Valentino', partly to avoid association with the earlier scandal and partly because Americans had trouble pronouncing Guglielmi. After the trial, he decided to move to Hollywood. [1]
Hollywood
Start in Film
Valentino joined an operetta company that traveled to Utah where it disbanded. From there he traveled to San Francisco where he met the actor Norman Kerry, who convinced him to try a career in cinema, still in the silent movie era. At the time, Valentino had only acted in background scenes of a few movies in New York.
He began to play small parts in quite a few films. He was typically cast as a "heavy" (villain) or "gangster". At the time, the epitome of male masculinity was Douglas Fairbanks: fair complexion, light eyes, and an All American look. A leading man should never be too romantic (Fairbanks hated doing love scenes and rarely did them, let alone well.) Thus Valentino was the opposite and seemed "exotic". [2]
By 1919, he had carved out a career in bit parts. It was a bit part as a "cabaret parasite" in the drama The Eyes of Youth that caught the attention of the powerful screenwriter June Mathis who thought he would be perfect for her next movie[3].
The Sheik
Mathis cast Valentino as a lead male character in her next film The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, which was directed by Rex Ingram. Ingram and Valentino did not get along and it was up to Mathis to constantly keep the peace. Released in 1921, the film was a commercial and critical success(becoming the first film to make at least $1,000,000.00 at the box office)[4] and made Valentino a star, earning him the nickname "Tango Legs" in honor of the famous Tango number he performed in the film.[4] Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 102-141</ref> Despite the fact that he was now a top star at Metro Pictures, Valentino was still unhappy with the $350.00 a week salary the company was offering, and asked for a $100.00.[5] When Metro Pictures refused to meet with his demands, Valentino then took the advice of his girlfriend Natacha Rambova and left the company.[5] Taking more advice from Natacha, Valentino then visited Paramount's Famous Players-Lasky Studios, and studio chief Jesse Lasky agreed to hire Valentino for five year contract, starting at $500.00 a week[6]
Valentino's first film at Paramount was considered to be a big turning point in Valentino's film career as well[6]. The Sheik was a phenominal success at the box office, and cemented Valentino's image as both a top star in Hollywood and a leading sex symbol among women as well.[6] The Sheik was followed by another success, Blood and Sand, which was released in 1922 and featured Valentino with two female co-stars, Lila Lee and Nita Naldi[6] . However, in 1922, Valentino became disenchanted with his small salary ($1,200 a week when several major stars made $10,000 a week) and his lack of creative control (he wanted to film in Europe and have better sets and costumes). On September 2, 1922 Valentino announced he was unhappy with Paramount and that he intended to leave the studio unless his demands were met.[7] He went on a "one man strike" against Famous Players-Lasky and refused to show up on set. Two weeks later, Paramount retaliated against Valentino's strike and enforced an injunction restraining him from entering into a new contract with any other film company.[7] Valentino was not pleased with the injunction, and sued Paramount for damages.[8] At one point, Paramount had also agreed to patch up their differences with Valentino gave him an offer to return to work for a salary of $7,000.00 a week and the right to consult over his choice of films and directors.[7] Valentino, taking advice again from his girlfriend Natacha Rambova, told Paramount he would not accept their offer.[9]
To ensure that his name remained in the public eye, and also pay off debts he and Natacha now had,[10] Valentino and Natacha accepted an offer from the Mineralava Beauty Clay Company to promote the company's products with a nationwide dance tour for a salary of $7,000.00 a week.[11] During each show, the couple perform dance numbers and Valentino would conduct a beauty contest, with the winner being promised a chance for a movie contract[12] Rudolph and Natacha toured through eighty-eight different cities across the United States[13], and were able to attract record breaking audiences in many of these cities as well.[14] During this period, he also published a book of poetry called Day Dreams, and had his biography serialized in the March, 1923 edition Photoplay magazine as well.[14] The March, 1923 edition of Photoplay gave the magazine record sales[14], and Valentino's book Day Dreams sold in great numbers[14]. The tour concluded at Madison Square Garden, and at this event, each winner from the local contests gathered to meet for the movie contract.[13];one of David O. Selznick's first films, titled "Valentino and His 88 American Beauties," documented this historic event as well.[13] On May 14, 1923, while in New York City, he made his first and last record, consisting of "Valentino's renditions" of Amy Woodforde-Finden's "Kashmiri Song" featured in The Sheik and Jose Padilla's "El Relicario," used in Blood and Sand. The recording was shelved for unknown reasons until after his death.
Despite all the money Valentino was making from the dance tour and book sales, he still was unable to get out of debt.[15] To help pay off his debt, Valentino accepted a new offer from Paramount to return to work for a salary of $7,500 and a guarantee for creative control over his next films.[16]. United Artists producer Joseph Schenck also gave Valentino a big loan to help ease his fiancial problems as well.[16] In July of 1923, with their debts finally paid off, Rudolph and Natacha(now his wife) went to Europe to celebrate their honeymoon.[17]. The couple toured many different places in the continent, and even made a historic visit to Valentino's hometown in Italy as well.[17]
United Artists
In 1925, Valentino was able to negotiate a new contract with United Artists which included the stipulation that his wife Natacha not be allowed on any of his movie sets (it was perceived that her presence had delayed earlier productions such as Monsieur Beaucaire). Shortly thereafter, he separated from Rambova and started dating actress Pola Negri. Around this time, he mended many personal and professional relationships which had been damaged because of Rambova; including his relationship with his "Little Mother" June Mathis.
During this time, he made two of his most critically acclaimed and successful films, The Eagle, based on a story by Alexander Pushkin, and The Son of the Sheik, a sequel to The Sheik, both co-starring the popular Hungarian-born actress, Vilma Bánky (with whom he had a brief relationship prior to his involvement with Negri).
Insecurity with image
Ever since the de Saulle trial in New York when his masculinity had been slandered in print, Valentino had been very sensitive with the way he was perceived. Women loved him and thought him the epitome of romance. However, American men were very threatened and would walk out of his movies in disgust. With the Fairbanks type being the epitome of manhood, Valentino was seen as a threat to the All American man. Thus journalists would constantly call his masculinity into question: his greased back hair, his clothing, his treatment of women, his views on women, and whether he was effeminate or not. Valentino hated these stories and was known to carry the clippings of them around and criticize them. [1]
The Chicago Tribune reported in July, 1926 that a vending machine dispensing pink talcum powder had appeared in an upscale hotel washroom. An editorial that followed used the story to protest the feminization of American men, and blamed the talcum powder on Valentino and his sheik movies. The piece infuriated Valentino, who happened to be in Chicago at the time, and the actor challenged the writer to a duel and then a boxing match. Neither challenge was answered. Shortly afterward, Valentino met for dinner with the famed journalist H.L. Mencken for advice on how best to deal with the incident. Mencken advised Valentino to "let the dreadful farce roll along to exhaustion", but Valentino insisted the editorial was "infamous." Mencken found Valentino to be likable and gentlemanly and wrote sympathetically of him in an article published in the Baltimore Sun a week after Valentino's death:
It was not that trifling Chicago episode that was riding him; it was the whole grotesque futility of his life. Had he achieved, out of nothing, a vast and dizzy success? Then that success was hollow as well as vast — a colossal and preposterous nothing. Was he acclaimed by yelling multitudes? Then every time the multitudes yelled he felt himself blushing inside . . . The thing, at the start, must have only bewildered him. but in those last days, unless I am a worse psychologist than even the professors of psychology, it was revolting him. Worse, it was making him afraid . . . Here was a young man who was living daily the dream of millions of other men. Here was one who was catnip to women. Here was one who had wealth and fame. And here was one who was very unhappy.[18]
After Valentino challenged the Tribune's anonymous writer to a boxing match, the New York Evening Journal boxing writer, Frank O'Neill, volunteered to fight in his place. Valentino won the bout which took place on the roof of New York's Ambassador Hotel.[19]
The 'Powder Puff' comment bothered Valentino so much that it was reported as he lay dying he asked the doctor, "Am I a powder puff now Doctor?". The doctor reportedly replied, "No sir, you've been very brave".
Personal life
Relationships and marriages
In 1919, as his career had yet to take off, Valentino married Jean Acker. Acker was a bit actress who was mainly cast as a favor to her lesbian lover Alla Nazimova. The three had become friends and Valentino appeared to be oblivious to Acker's orientation. Acker was caught in a love triangle with Grace Darmond and Nazimova; both of whom threatened to destroy her career if she left either of them. Seeing a chance to escape unscathed, Acker married Valentino.[20]
The marriage was never consummated, with Jean locking him out of their hotel suite on their first honeymoon night. She later fled to Darmond's where Valentino pleaded with her to give him a chance to no avail. Instead of divorcing, the couple remained legally married until 1921, when he filed for divorce so he could marry Natacha Rambova.
At the time, the divorce trial was caused a sensation due to Valentino's new star status. Valentino found it embarrassing to have to charge desertion and Acker's refusal to consummate the marriage. The divorce was granted with a decent alimony going to Acker. Despite her antics and use of the name "Mrs. Valentino" (a name she had no legal right to), she and Valentino eventually renewed their friendship until his death. She made regular visits when he was on his death bed and was reportedly one of the last people he saw just before he died.
Valentino first met Natacha Rambova, a costume designer and art director who was a protégé of Nazimova, on the set of Uncharted Seas in 1921. The two also worked together on the Nazimova production of Camille, by which time they were romantically involved. They married on May 13, 1922, in Mexicali, Mexico. This resulted in Valentino being jailed for bigamy since he had not been divorced for a full year (which was the law in California at the time). He spent the night crying that Natacha was his legal wife and he should not be there. Days passed and his studio at the time, Famous Players-Lasky, refused to post bail. Eventually, a few friends including June Mathis were able to post the cash bail.[21]
Still having to wait the year or face the possibility of being arrested again, Natacha and Valentino lived in separate apartments in New York City, each with their own roommates. On March 14, 1923, they legally remarried.[11]
Many of Rudolph's friends did not like Rambova and found her controlling.[22] During his relationship with her, he lost many friends and business associates including June Mathis. Toward the end of their marriage, Rambova was banned from his sets by contract. One of the few people who supported her was a then-unknown actress named Myrna Loy, whom she had discovered and had cast in the film What Price Beauty? She said that Rambova was unfairly criticized. The end of the marriage was bitter, with Valentino bequeathing her one dollar in his will. The money and property he originally intended for her instead went to her Aunt Teresa whom they both adored. Despite popular rumors, Natacha was not a lesbian. She and Valentino had an active sexual life, attested to by many friends. Paul Ivano (their roommate through much of their dating) stated that one night, Valentino ran out in a panic thinking he had killed her during an all night session of love making; when in fact she had just passed out and was revived with cold water by Ivano. [23]
Valentino's sexuality has been the subject of much speculation over the years. It has been suggested he was in homosexual relationships with his roommates Paul Ivano and Douglas Gerrad; as well as Norman Kerry, openly gay French actor Jacques Herbertot and Andre Daven. However, Ivano maintained that it was completely untrue and he himself as well as Valentino were heterosexual.[24] Herbertot's claims seem to be strictly fantasies (as no real proof backs them up) and Kerry, Daven and Gerrad were just friends. No real evidence exists to show Valentino had any romantic male relationships.[25]Many of the rumors seem to stem from the company he kept; as many in his circle of friends were well known to have loose attitudes towards sexual experimentation.
Shortly before his death, Valentino was dating Pola Negri. The relationship seemed to be to save his "great lover" reputation since his divorce from Rambova. Upon his death, Negri made a scene at his funeral, claiming they had been engaged. The engagement claim has never been proven. Many of Valentino's friends claimed that he had never gotten over the divorce from Rambova.
Valentino had no children though he did desperately want them (especially evident in his poem Babies). He dreamed of having the traditional wife and mother, though he dated women who were quite the opposite (Acker and Rambova being feminists with careers). One of the biggest issues of his and Rambova's marriage was her desire not to have children. Nita Naldi a close friend, claimed Rambova illegally terminated up to three pregnancies while married to Valentino, though there is no way to verify this. Whether Naldi's story is true or not, Rambova was determined to remain childless.[26]
Throughout his life, Valentino had a love of animals. He was an accomplished rider since boyhood, and owned several horses. He and Rambova spoke of opening a zoo and socialized with animal trainers. They had two Great Danes, a large gopher snake, and a green monkey. From their trainer friend, Rambova purchased a lion cub named Zela for Rudolph. Rudolph loved Zela but eventually had to give her to a trainer outside of town when she bit a stranger who happened to be a private eye hired by Jean Acker to prove the couple was cohabiting.[27]
Valentino also loved to cook, especially simple dishes like spaghetti and meatballs. According to friends, his love of cooking was more intense than his romantic life.[28]
Death and funeral
On August 15, 1926, Valentino collapsed at the Hotel Ambassador in New York City. He was hospitalized at the Polyclinic in New York and underwent surgery for a perforated ulcer. He told his manager George Ullman to contact Rambova, who was in Europe. Upon hearing of his condition, she responded back, and they exchanged loving telegrams, and she believed a reconciliation had taken place. The surgery went well and he seemed to be recovering when peritonitis set in and spread throughout his body. He died eight days later, at the age of 31.
An estimated 100,000 people lined the streets of New York City to pay their respects at his funeral, handled by the Frank Campbell Funeral Home. The event was a drama itself: actress Pola Negri collapsed in hysterics while standing over the coffin, windows were smashed as fans tried to get in, and Campbell's hired four actors to impersonate a Fascist Blackshirt honor guard, which claimed to have been sent by Benito Mussolini. It was later revealed as a planned publicity stunt. The New York Graphic printed a ghoulish fake composed photograph on its front cover purporting to show Valentino in his casket, before the body actually reached the funeral home.
Valentino's funeral mass in New York was celebrated at Saint Malachy's Roman Catholic Church, often called "The Actor's Chapel", as it is located on West 49th Street in the Broadway theater district, and has a long association with show business figures.
After the body was taken by train across the country, a second funeral was held on the West Coast, at the Catholic Church of the Good Shepherd in Beverly Hills. Not having a resting place of his own, Valentino's old friend June Mathis offered her crypt for him in what she thought would be a temporary solution. However, she died the following year and Valentino was placed in the adjoining crypt. The two are still interred side by side in adjoining crypts at the Hollywood Memorial Park Cemetery (now the Hollywood Forever Cemetery) in Hollywood, California.
Estate
Valentino left his estate to his brother, sister, and Rambova's aunt Teresa Werner. Originally Werner's share had been bequeathed to Rambova; however after the divorce a change was made to leave her only $1. He was around $100,000 in debt at the time of his death. Ullman organized an auction of his possessions and home to pay the debts.
His Beverly Hills mansion, called Falcon Lair, was later owned by heiress Doris Duke until her death there in 1993. The building was then stripped down to the frame and resold. The remaining structure is still standing.
Legacy
After his death many of his films were reissued to help pay his estate. Many were reissued well into the 1930s (long after the demise of silent film). Several books were written including one by Rambova. Several songs including one by Acker entitled 'There's a new star in heaven tonight' were written and best sellers.
Over the years a woman in black carrying a red rose has come to mourn at Valentino's grave usually on the anniversary of his death. Several myths surround the woman though it seems the first woman in black was actually a publicity stunt cooked up by press agent Russel Birdwell in 1928. Several copycats have followed over the years.[29]
Valentino's image as a great lover has lasted long past his death. In popular culture the term 'Valentino' has come to represent a good-looking ladies' man.[30] It is also questionable on whether or not Valentino would have kept his stardom when films converted to sound, as he also had a squeaky voice, which was heard during a radio broadcast.[31] Several pop culture items have referenced Valentino over the years.
- In The Simpsons episode "Homer's Night Out", Homer gets in trouble for a photo Bart took of him dancing with a belly dancer making him appear as a ladies' man. At work his boss Montgomery Burns berates him at one point calling him a Valentino.
- Valentino has been referenced in many pop songs, including "Right Before My Eyes" by Ian Thomas, "Manic Monday" by The Bangles, "Good Old-Fashioned Lover Boy" and "Seaside Rendezvous" by Queen, "Life Sized Marilyn Monroe" (1993) by Wild Strawberries, "Celluloid Heroes" by The Kinks, and "Better Off Without a Wife" by Tom Waits. The Auteurs song 'Lenny Valentino' is named after a character who is a fusion of Valentino and Lenny Bruce.
- The song "Long Black Veil" is partly inspired by the mysterious veiled woman who regularly visited his grave.
- In 1979 the writers of the Mexican film Muñecas de medianoche mentioned that Gina, the main female character of the film (played by Sasha Montenegro) has been in love with Rudolph Valentino since she was 14 years old. Towards the film's end, the hero of the film Raphael (Jorge Rivero) comes into Gina's bedroom dressed up as Valentino in A Sainted Devil; he makes love to Gina who still thinks that she is in a dream.
- Rudolph's Bar-B-Qu has been a mainstay of Minneapolis eateries since 1973. Rudolph's is named after actor Rudolph Valentino.
- Phil York recorded a CD of Valentino inspired songs entitled Rudolph Valentino: He Sings & Others Sing About Him. All songs were taken from sheet music from the 1920s (including Valentino's two recordings) and rerecorded for the album. In his day Valentino had several songs written about him including "If I had a Man like Valentino" (1922), "That Night in Araby" (1926), "Sheik of Araby", "The Man Behind the Eyes", and "Rudolph Valentango".
Films about Valentino
The life of Rudolph Valentino has been filmed a number of times for television and the big screen. The most notable of these biopics is Ken Russell's 1977 film, Valentino, in which Valentino is portrayed by Rudolf Nureyev. The film itself is only loosely based on his life; taking creative liscense with several important parts of his life. An earlier feature film about Valentino's life, also called Valentino, was released in 1951 and starred Anthony Dexter as Valentino.[32] That film also took several creative liscenses with his life. The short film "Daydreams of Rudolph Valentino", with Russian actor Vladislav Kozlov as Valentino, was presented at Hollywood Forever cemetery on August 23, 2006, marking the 80th anniversary of Rudolph Valentino's death.
Quotations
- "Women are not in love with me but with the picture of me on the screen. I am merely the canvas on which women paint their dreams."
Discography
- Kashmiri Song (in English)
- El Relicario (in Spanish)
Bibliography
- Daydreams (book of poetry, 1923)
- How You Can Keep Fit (originally seralized in Liberty Magazine, 1923)
- My Private Diary (originally seralized in Movie Weekly Magazine, 1929)
Filmography
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Valentino was also supposed to have acted, at the beginning of his career, in the following films:
- The Battle of the Sexes (1914)
Other names by which Rudolph Valentino was known:
- Rudolph DeValentino
- M. De Valentina
- M. Rodolfo De Valentina
- M. Rodolpho De Valentina
- R. De Valentina
- Rodolfo di Valentina
- Rudolpho De Valentina
- Rudolpho di Valentina
- Rudolpho Valentina
- Rodolph Valentine
- Rudolpho De Valentine
- Rudolph Valentine
- Rodolfo di Valentini
- Rodolph Valentino
- Rudi Valentino
- Rudolfo Valentino
- Rudolf Valentino
- Rudolph Volantino
Selected coverage in the New York Times
- New York Times; July 21, 1926. Rudolph Valentino arrived here yesterday from Chicago indignant at an editorial which appeared in The Chicago Tribune Sunday, entitled "Pink Powder Puffs," and vowing to return there next Monday or Tuesday to whip the man who wrote it.
- New York Times; August 16, 1926. Rudolph Valentino, noted screen star, collapsed suddenly yesterday in his apartment at the Hotel Ambassador. Several hours later he underwent operations for a gastric ulcer and appendicitis.
- New York Times; August 21, 1926. Rudolph Valentino, screen star, who is recovering at the Polyclinic Hospital from operations for appendicitis and gastric ulcer, felt so much better yesterday that he asked to be taken to his hotel. His request was promptly vetoed by the attending physicians, who told the patient that he would not be allowed to sit up in bed for several days.
- New York Times; August 22, 1926. Rudolph Valentino, motion picture actor, who underwent a double operation for acute appendicitis and gastric ulcers at the Polyclinic Hospital last Sunday, took a turn for the worse yesterday. His surgeons found that he had developed pleurisy in the left chest. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon the patient's temperature rose to 104.2.
- New York Times; August 23, 1926. The condition of Rudolph Valentino, motion picture actor, grew more critical yesterday, and the three doctors who have been attending him at the Polyclinic Hospital since he underwent a double operation for acute appendicitis and gastric ulcers called in a fourth.
- New York Times; August 24, 1926. Rudolph Valentino, motion picture actor, died at 12:10, yesterday afternoon, at the Polyclinic Hospital where he had undergone a double operation for acute appendicitis and gastric ulcers on Aug. 15. He was thirty-one. His youthfulness and rugged constitution aided him in making a valiant fight even after his five doctors had given up hope.
- New York Times; August 27, 1926. The public was barred yesterday from the bier of Rudolph Valentine, motion picture actor, because of the irreverence of the thousands who had filed past the coffin in the Campbell Funeral Church, Broadway and Sixty-sixth Street, on Tuesday and Wednesday.
- New York Times; September 4, 1926. A letter from Dr. Harold E. Meeker, the surgeon who operated on and attended Rudolph Valentino during the illness preceding his death, to S. George Ullman, the dead actor's friend and manager, describing in technical detail the steps of diagnosis, operation and treatment, was made public last night by Dr. Sterling C. Wyman of 556 Crown Street, Brooklyn, Pola Negri's physician.
- New York Times; September 9, 1926. Los Angeles, California; September 8, 1926. Rudolph Valentino's will, disposing of property which may amount to more than $1,000,000, became public tonight, in advance of being offered for probate here tomorrow. The instrument provided a great surprise, evento lifetime confidants of the dead moving picture star, in that it shared the actor's estate in equal thirds among his brother, Alberto Guglielmi of Rome, who is ...
- New York Times; September 10, 1926. Los Angeles, California; September 9, 1926. A contest over the "surprise" will of Rudolph Valentino was being considered tonight, it was admitted by Milton Cohen, Los Angeles attorney, who declared that he had been retained to represent Alberto and Maria Guglielmi, brother and sister of the screen star.
Further reading
- The First Male Stars: Men of the Silent Era by David W. Menefee. Albany: Bear Manor Media, 2007.
- Emily Leider (2003), Dark Lover: The Life and Death of Rudolph Valentino, (ISBN 0-374-28239-0).
- Jeanine Basinger (1999), chapter on Valentino in Silent Stars, (ISBN 0-8195-6451-6).
References
- ^ a b c Leider, Emily W., Dark Lover: The life and death of Rudolph Valentino, p. 68-76
- ^ Leider, Emily W., Dark Lover: The life and death of Rudolph Valentino, p. 86-88
- ^ Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 102
- ^ a b Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 102-141
- ^ a b Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 141
- ^ a b c d Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 144 Cite error: The named reference "VSuperstar" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b c Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 191
- ^ Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 191-205
- ^ Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 192
- ^ Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg.198
- ^ a b Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 199
- ^ Noel Botham, "Valentino:The First Superstar," pg. 201
- ^ a b c http://www.midnightpalace.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=27
- ^ a b c d Noel Botham, "Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 202
- ^ Noel Botham,"Valentino-The First Superstar" pg. 205
- ^ a b Noel Botham,"Valentino: The First Superstar," pg. 206
- ^ a b Noel Botham,"Valentino: The First Superstar" pg. 210-241
- ^ Mencken, H.L., A Mencken Chrestomathy. New York; Vintage Books, 1982, pp. 283-84.
- ^ Cawthorne, Nigel, Sex Lives of the Hollywood Idols London; PRION, 1997, p. 52
- ^ Leider, Emily W., Dark Lover: The life and death of Rudolph Valentino, p. 98-103
- ^ Leider, Emily W., Dark Lover: The life and death of Rudolph Valentino, p. 206-212
- ^ Leider, Emily W., Dark Lover: The life and death of Rudolph Valentino, p. 330
- ^ Leider, Emily W., Dark Lover: The life and death of Rudolph Valentino, p. 137-142
- ^ Leider, Emily W., Dark Lover: The life and death of Rudolph Valentino, p. 126-127
- ^ Leider, Emily W., Dark Lover: The life and death of Rudolph Valentino, p. 270-274
- ^ Leider, Emily W., Dark Lover: The life and death of Rudolph Valentino, p. 336-337
- ^ Leider, Emily W., Dark Lover: The life and death of Rudolph Valentino, p. 141-142
- ^ Leider, Emily W., Dark Lover: The life and death of Rudolph Valentino, p. 137-138
- ^ Time Magazine Article on Woman in Black
- ^ Etymology Dictionary Listing for Valentino
- ^ http://guidedadc.com/LF_Rudolph_Valentinowma.htm
- ^ IMDB Listing for Valentino, 1951
External links
- Rudolph Valentino homepage
- Rudolph Valentino at IMDb
- Rudolph Valentino photo gallery at Silent Gents.
- Audio history (MP3, 17:23). Emily Leider, author of Dark Lover: The Life and Death of Rudolph Valentino discuss what made Valentino such a sensation in life and death. Produced: February, 2005.
- Affairs Valentino. This site contains details of a recently discovered unpublished memoir by George Ullman about his years as Valentino's manager. It is to be the basis of a forthcoming new book about Valentino.
- A retouched photographic collage that claimed to show Valentino's surgery, featured on George Mason University's History Matters site
- Valentino biography in Spanish, Italian & English
- Template:Find A Grave