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'''[[Tawfiq Canaan]]''' ([[24 September]] [[1882]] – [[15 January]] [[1964]]) was a [[physician]] and pioneer in the field of [[medicine]] in [[Palestine]], also well-known for being one of the foremost researchers of [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] popular heritage. |
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'''[[Louis Pasteur]]''' (27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) was a [[France|French]] [[chemist]] and [[microbiologist]] best known for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and prevention of disease. His experiments supported the [[germ theory of disease]], also reducing mortality from [[puerperal fever]] (childbed), and he created the first [[vaccine]] for [[rabies]]. He was best known to the general public for inventing a method to stop milk and wine from causing sickness - this process came to be called ''[[pasteurization]]''. He is regarded as one of the three main founders of [[microbiology]], together with [[Ferdinand Cohn]] and [[Robert Koch]]. He is also credited with dispelling the theory of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_generation#Spontaneous_generation spontaneous generation] with his experiment employing chicken broth and a goose neck flask. He also made many discoveries in the field of chemistry, most notably the [[asymmetry]] of [[crystals]].<ref name="catholic intro"/> He is buried beneath the Institut Pasteur, an incredibly rare honor in France, where being buried in a cemetery is mandatory save for the fewer than 300 "Great Men" who are entombed in the [[Panthéon (Paris)|Panthéon]]. |
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A medical officer in the [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman]] army in [[World War I]] and the first President of the Palestine Arab Medical Association established in 1944, Canaan authored more than 37 studies over the course of his medical career on [[tropical medicine]] and [[bacteriology]], particularly [[malaria]], and other topics, such as [[leprosy]], [[tuberculosis]], and health in Palestine. |
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Canaan's keen interest in Palestinian folklore, popular beliefs, and superstitions led to his collection of over 1,400 [[amulet]]s, now held by [[Bir Zeit]] university in [[Ramallah]]. His published analyses of these and other folk traditions brought him recognition as an [[Ethnography|ethnographer]] and [[Anthropology|anthropologist]]. A member of the Palestine Oriental Society and The American School for Oriental Research, Canaan published a number of books and more than 50 articles in [[English language|English]] and [[German language|German]] on folklore and superstition that have served as valuable resources to researchers of Palestinian and [[Middle Eastern]] heritage ever since. |
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Canaan was also a [[Palestinian nationalism|Palestinian nationalist]] and outspoken public figure who wrote two books on the Palestine problem, which reflected his involvement in confronting [[United Kingdom|British]] [[imperialism]] and [[Zionism]]. Arrested by the British authorities in 1939, his family home and clinic in [[Jerusalem]] destroyed during the [[1948 Arab-Israeli war]], Canaan nevertheless managed to re-establish his life and career there. After taking sanctuary in a convent in the [[Old City]] with his family for two years, they eventually took up residence on the grounds of the [[Augusta Victoria|Augusta Victoria Hospital]] on the [[Mount of Olives]] where Canaan served as the Director, and where they lived through his retirement until his death in 1964. |
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Revision as of 12:30, 10 September 2008
Louis Pasteur (27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) was a French chemist and microbiologist best known for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and prevention of disease. His experiments supported the germ theory of disease, also reducing mortality from puerperal fever (childbed), and he created the first vaccine for rabies. He was best known to the general public for inventing a method to stop milk and wine from causing sickness - this process came to be called pasteurization. He is regarded as one of the three main founders of microbiology, together with Ferdinand Cohn and Robert Koch. He is also credited with dispelling the theory of spontaneous generation with his experiment employing chicken broth and a goose neck flask. He also made many discoveries in the field of chemistry, most notably the asymmetry of crystals.[1] He is buried beneath the Institut Pasteur, an incredibly rare honor in France, where being buried in a cemetery is mandatory save for the fewer than 300 "Great Men" who are entombed in the Panthéon.