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===Hindu Pathans=== |
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The term "Hindu Pathan" is used as self-identification by some Indian [[Hindus]] who hailed from or were born in the predominately Pashtun regions of British India,<ref name="Nanda2018">{{cite book|author=Reena Nanda|title=From Quetta to Delhi: A Partition Story|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Is1SDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT135|date=10 February 2018|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-93-86643-44-5|pages=135–}}</ref> as well as those who arrived from Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/indus-calling/from-hindukush-to-hindustan-no-place-for-the-hindus/|title=From Hindukush to Hindustan, no place for the Hindus?|work=Times of India|accessdate=30 May 2020|date=11 December 2019|first=Tarun|last=Vijay|authorlink=Tarun Vijay|quote=And Hindus, once a large majority in Afghanistan, the Afghan Hindus, the Pathan Hindus simply became extinct and turned refugees taking shelter in Germany and other countries. Hindustan never bothers about them. There are some Afghan Hindus living in Delhi. You can meet them to know what it cost them to be here.}}</ref> The 1947 [[partition of India]] led to an exodus of Hindus settled in the [[North-West Frontier Province]] and [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan]] (now in Pakistan) into the newly-independent India.<ref name="Hashmi"/><ref name="Hegde"/> Notable people from these regions who often identified as Hindu Pathans include [[Bhagat Ram Talwar]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/948392/why-did-winston-churchill-hate-the-hindus-and-prefer-the-muslims/|title=Why did Winston Churchill hate the Hindus and prefer the Muslims?|work=Quartz India|first=Mihir|last=Bose|date=4 April 2017|accessdate=29 April 2020|quote=Bhagat Ram Talwar, later known as Silver, was the only quintuple spy in World War-II, working for the British, Russians, Germans, Italians, and the Japanese. Silver, who identified as a “Hindu Pathan,” was born and raised in the northwest region of the subcontinent bordering Afghanistan.}}</ref> [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], the progenitor of Bollywood's |
The term "Hindu Pathan" is used as self-identification by some Indian [[Hindus]] who hailed from or were born in the predominately Pashtun regions of British India,<ref name="Nanda2018">{{cite book|author=Reena Nanda|title=From Quetta to Delhi: A Partition Story|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Is1SDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT135|date=10 February 2018|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-93-86643-44-5|pages=135–}}</ref> as well as those who arrived from Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/indus-calling/from-hindukush-to-hindustan-no-place-for-the-hindus/|title=From Hindukush to Hindustan, no place for the Hindus?|work=Times of India|accessdate=30 May 2020|date=11 December 2019|first=Tarun|last=Vijay|authorlink=Tarun Vijay|quote=And Hindus, once a large majority in Afghanistan, the Afghan Hindus, the Pathan Hindus simply became extinct and turned refugees taking shelter in Germany and other countries. Hindustan never bothers about them. There are some Afghan Hindus living in Delhi. You can meet them to know what it cost them to be here.}}</ref> This identification tends to be [[Cultural assimilation|cultural]] rather than ethnic.<ref name="Lentin"/> The 1947 [[partition of India]] led to an exodus of Hindus settled in the [[North-West Frontier Province]] and [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan]] (now in Pakistan) into the newly-independent India.<ref name="Hashmi"/><ref name="Hegde"/> Notable people from these regions who often identified as Hindu Pathans include the Punjabi-origin [[Bhagat Ram Talwar]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/948392/why-did-winston-churchill-hate-the-hindus-and-prefer-the-muslims/|title=Why did Winston Churchill hate the Hindus and prefer the Muslims?|work=Quartz India|first=Mihir|last=Bose|date=4 April 2017|accessdate=29 April 2020|quote=Bhagat Ram Talwar, later known as Silver, was the only quintuple spy in World War-II, working for the British, Russians, Germans, Italians, and the Japanese. Silver, who identified as a “Hindu Pathan,” was born and raised in the northwest region of the subcontinent bordering Afghanistan.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/SI6fMdzWdZCljhosiArPAK/Silver-The-man-who-betrayed-Subhas-Chandra-Bose.html|title=Silver: The man who betrayed Subhas Chandra Bose|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|date=27 May 2017|accessdate=2 June 2020|first=Manu S.|last=Pillai|authorlink=Manu S. Pillai|quote=It was, in fact, on the edge of this landscape, near Peshawar, that our morally agnostic protagonist was born in 1908, into a family of Punjabi descent.|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603092747/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/SI6fMdzWdZCljhosiArPAK/Silver-The-man-who-betrayed-Subhas-Chandra-Bose.html|archivedate=3 June 2017}}</ref> [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], the progenitor of Bollywood's Kapoor family, also of Punjabi descent;<ref name="BBC"/><ref name="Lentin"/> his cousin, [[Surinder Kapoor]] (father of [[Anil Kapoor]]);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBKP-rpQmGw&t=0m50s|title=TalkBack with Wajahat Khan and Anil Kapoor, Episode 33 Part 1|first=Wajahat S.|last=Khan|authorlink=Wajahat Saeed Khan|work=TalkBack with [[Dawn News]]|date=8 October 2009|accessdate=31 May 2020|via=YouTube|quote=I'm a Pathan's son. My father, my grandfather, they all were Pathans from Peshawar...}}</ref> and film producer [[Umesh Mehra|F.C. Mehra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/jul/29/14690|title=FC Mehra: Suspended air force man who became a successful producer|work=Cinestaan|date=29 July 2018|accessdate=31 May 2020|first=Keyur|last=Seta|quote=My family hailed from Peshawar [in the erstwhile North West Frontier Province, now in Pakistan] and we are what we call Hindu Pathans," FC Mehra's son, filmmaker Umesh Mehra, said.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730052126/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/jul/29/14690|archivedate=30 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Pushpa Kumari Bagai writes that the Hindu Pathans in India, especially those who migrated from the [[Derawal|Derawali]]-speaking area of [[Dera Ismail Khan]], had their own unique [[vegetarian cuisine]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/909288/zaiqay-frontier-kay-cookbook-in-urdu-and-hindi-attempts-to-bring-pakistan-and-india-closer/|title=Zaiqay Frontier Kay: Cookbook in Urdu and Hindi attempts to bring Pakistan and India closer|work=The Express Tribune|date=25 June 2015|accessdate=29 May 2020|first=Munnazzah|last=Raza|quote=Written by the late Pushpa Kumari Bagai, this book is a collection of her special culinary traditions – 80 vegetarian cuisine recipes, each one reflecting the history and culture of the Hindu Pathan community of Dera Ismail Khan.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/98937/award-winning-zaiqay-frontier-ke-presented-to-the-queen-of-bhutan/|title=Award-winning Zaiqay Frontier Ke presented to the queen of Bhutan|work=Daily Times|date=30 August 2015|accessdate=29 May 2020|quote=...Pushpa Kumari Bagai, who herself was the custodian and exponent of a very special culinary tradition – the vegetarian cuisine of the Hindu Pathans of Dera Ismail Khan.}}</ref> [[Tandoori chicken]], which was popularised in India by Kundan Lal Gujral, a [[Punjabi Hindu]]-"Pathan" chef from Peshawar who moved to Delhi post-partition, is often regarded as a Punjabi-Pathan dish.<ref name="Gujral2004">{{cite book|author=Monish Gujral|title=Moti Mahal's Tandoori Trail|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MdumBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT9|date=5 January 2004|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5194-023-4|pages=9–|quote=One of this intrepid breed to whom defeat was a dirty word was Kundan Lal Gujral. He was a Punjabi-Pathan from the North-West Frontier Province. This area, in what later became part of West Pakistan, comprised a unique blend of not only Hindu-Muslim culture but also a Punjabi-Pathan mix.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/the-taste-with-vir-the-tandoori-chicken-is-a-punjabi-bird-and-we-should-say-it-loud/story-4MslyXFYvlGuhI4sb3PIbI.html|title=The Taste With Vir: The Tandoori Chicken is a Punjabi bird and we should say it loud|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=30 May 2020|date=14 August 2019|first=Vir|last=Sanghvi|authorlink=Vir Sanghvi}}</ref> |
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Some Hindus who lived in Balochistan prior to 1947, and later migrated to India following the partition, had a highly [[Pashtunization|Pashtunized]] culture and spoke a form of Pashto or [[Balochi language|Balochi]].<ref name="Hegde"/><ref name="George">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/see-the-blue-skinned-pashtun-hindus-brought-to-life-in-a-new-film/story-06d4flhpwXozoh9baYA0uJ.html|title=See the ‘blue-skinned’ Pashtun Hindus brought to life in a new film|work=Hindustan Times|date=27 January 2019|accessdate=31 May 2020|first=Anesha|last=George}}</ref> They identified themselves culturally as Pathans and members of the |
Some Hindus who lived in Balochistan prior to 1947, and later migrated to India following the partition, had a highly [[Pashtunization|Pashtunized]] culture and spoke a form of Pashto or [[Balochi language|Balochi]].<ref name="Hegde"/><ref name="George">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/see-the-blue-skinned-pashtun-hindus-brought-to-life-in-a-new-film/story-06d4flhpwXozoh9baYA0uJ.html|title=See the ‘blue-skinned’ Pashtun Hindus brought to life in a new film|work=Hindustan Times|date=27 January 2019|accessdate=31 May 2020|first=Anesha|last=George}}</ref> They identified themselves culturally as Pathans and members of the [[Kakar]]i tribe. Originating from [[Quetta District|Quetta]] and [[Loralai District|Loralai]], they brought their customs and practices with themselves to India, where they became known as the ''Sheenkhalai'' (Pashto for "the blue skinned").<ref name="Hegde">{{cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/155394/hindu-pashtun-shilpi-batra-sheenkhalai-afghanistan/|title=Hindu Pashtuns: How One Granddaughter Uncovered India’s Forgotten Links to Afghanistan|work=The Better India|date=8 August 2018|accessdate=28 May 2020|first=Rinchen Norbu|last=Wangchuk|first2=Vinayak|last2=Hegde|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707140126/https://www.thebetterindia.com/155394/hindu-pashtun-shilpi-batra-sheenkhalai-afghanistan/|archivedate=7 July 2019}}</ref> This name stemmed from a novel tradition their womenfolk practiced, who would adorn their faces, hands and skin with permanent tattoos to enhance their appearance. These decorative, tribal tattoos were considered a form of art and beauty in their culture, however they were looked down upon by other Indians.<ref name="Hegde"/> The women wore a traditional hand-embroidered dress known as the ''kakrai [[kameez]]'', similar to a ''[[Firaq partug|firaq]]'' – the upper garment worn by Pashtun females.<ref name="Hegde"/> They also listened to [[Pashto music]] and would teach the language to their children.<ref name="Hegde"/> Due to their different culture and appearance, they were often stereotyped and considered Muslims or foreigners by the locals.<ref name="Hegde"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLC6fHV4zxo|title=Hindu Pashtuns, who are considered Pakistani Muslims by many|work=[[BBC Punjabi]]|date=13 April 2018|accessdate=30 May 2020|via=YouTube|language=Punjabi}}</ref> The Sheenkhalai, numbering up to 500 at the time of partition, settled mostly in Rajasthan (in [[Uniara]], [[Jaipur]] and [[Chittorgarh]]) and Punjab, and adopted Indian culture.<ref name="Hegde"/> In recent years, there have been efforts to revive their indigenous culture. In 2018, former Afghan president [[Hamid Karzai]] met members of this community and inaugurated the Sheenkhalai Art Project during the [[Jaipur Literature Festival]].<ref name="Hegde"/> A feature-length documentary titled ''Sheenkhalai – The Blue Skin'' produced by Shilpi Batra Adwani, a third-generation Sheenkhalai herself, explores the history and origins of this community and was funded by the India–Afghanistan Foundation.<ref name="Hegde"/> |
||
Since the 1970s, thousands of [[Hinduism in Afghanistan|Afghan Hindus]] have emigrated from Afghanistan to escape [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|war]] and persecution, and settled in India. Many of them had lived in the Pashtun areas for generations, spoke Pashto, and practiced a culture that was mostly Pashtun-influenced.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/12/decline-afghanistan-hindu-sikh-communities-161225082540860.html|title=The decline of Afghanistan's Hindu and Sikh communities|work=Al Jazeera|date=1 January 2017|accessdate=31 May 2020|first=Ruchi|last=Kumar}}</ref> |
Since the 1970s, thousands of [[Hinduism in Afghanistan|Afghan Hindus]] have emigrated from Afghanistan to escape [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|war]] and persecution, and settled in India. Many of them had lived in the Pashtun areas for generations, spoke Pashto, and practiced a culture that was mostly Pashtun-influenced.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/12/decline-afghanistan-hindu-sikh-communities-161225082540860.html|title=The decline of Afghanistan's Hindu and Sikh communities|work=Al Jazeera|date=1 January 2017|accessdate=31 May 2020|first=Ruchi|last=Kumar}}</ref> |
Revision as of 14:02, 2 June 2020
Total population | |
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21,677 (2011 census)[1] 3.2 million (2018; unofficial estimate)[2] | |
Languages | |
Pashto · others |
Pathans in India are residents of India who are of ethnic Pashtun ancestry. According to the All India Pakhtoon Jirga-e-Hind, there were an estimated 3.2 million people of Pathan descent living in India.[2] In the 2011 Census of India, 21,677 individuals reported Pashto as their mother tongue.[1]
"Pathan" is the local Hindustani term for any individual who belongs to the Pashtun ethnic group, or descends from it.[3][4] The term also finds mention among Western sources, mainly in the colonial-era literature of British India.[5][6]
History and culture
The Pathans of India are a community who trace their ancestry to the Pashtun regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan.[7] The Pashtun homeland is located in Central Asia and the northwestern region of South Asia;[8] it roughly stretches from areas south of the Amu River in Afghanistan to west of the Indus River in Pakistan, mainly consisting of southwestern, eastern and some northern and western districts of Afghanistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northern Balochistan in Pakistan,[9] with the Durand Line acting as the border between the two countries.[7] The Hindu Kush mountains straddle the north of the region.[3][10] Ethnically, the Pathans are an eastern Iranic group who lived west of the Indo-Aryan ethnicities of the northern Indian subcontinent.[11]
The earlier generations of Indian Pathans spoke their native language Pashto, while some still adhere to the traditional code and Pashtun way of life known as Pashtunwali.[7] In India, the Muslim surname Khan is largely synonymous with and commonly used by Pathans, although not all Khans are necessarily of Pathan descent.[12][13] The female equivalent used by Pathan women is Khanum or Bibi.[13] In the caste system present among medieval Indian Muslim society, the Pathans (historically also known as ethnic 'Afghans') were classified as one of the ashraf castes – those who claimed descent from foreign immigrants,[12] and who claimed the status of nobility by virtue of conquests and Muslim rule in the Indian subcontinent.[14]
Hindu Pathans
The term "Hindu Pathan" is used as self-identification by some Indian Hindus who hailed from or were born in the predominately Pashtun regions of British India,[15] as well as those who arrived from Afghanistan.[16] This identification tends to be cultural rather than ethnic.[17] The 1947 partition of India led to an exodus of Hindus settled in the North-West Frontier Province and Baluchistan (now in Pakistan) into the newly-independent India.[18][19] Notable people from these regions who often identified as Hindu Pathans include the Punjabi-origin Bhagat Ram Talwar;[20][21] Prithviraj Kapoor, the progenitor of Bollywood's Kapoor family, also of Punjabi descent;[22][17] his cousin, Surinder Kapoor (father of Anil Kapoor);[23] and film producer F.C. Mehra.[24] Pushpa Kumari Bagai writes that the Hindu Pathans in India, especially those who migrated from the Derawali-speaking area of Dera Ismail Khan, had their own unique vegetarian cuisine.[25][26] Tandoori chicken, which was popularised in India by Kundan Lal Gujral, a Punjabi Hindu-"Pathan" chef from Peshawar who moved to Delhi post-partition, is often regarded as a Punjabi-Pathan dish.[27][28]
Some Hindus who lived in Balochistan prior to 1947, and later migrated to India following the partition, had a highly Pashtunized culture and spoke a form of Pashto or Balochi.[19][29] They identified themselves culturally as Pathans and members of the Kakari tribe. Originating from Quetta and Loralai, they brought their customs and practices with themselves to India, where they became known as the Sheenkhalai (Pashto for "the blue skinned").[19] This name stemmed from a novel tradition their womenfolk practiced, who would adorn their faces, hands and skin with permanent tattoos to enhance their appearance. These decorative, tribal tattoos were considered a form of art and beauty in their culture, however they were looked down upon by other Indians.[19] The women wore a traditional hand-embroidered dress known as the kakrai kameez, similar to a firaq – the upper garment worn by Pashtun females.[19] They also listened to Pashto music and would teach the language to their children.[19] Due to their different culture and appearance, they were often stereotyped and considered Muslims or foreigners by the locals.[19][30] The Sheenkhalai, numbering up to 500 at the time of partition, settled mostly in Rajasthan (in Uniara, Jaipur and Chittorgarh) and Punjab, and adopted Indian culture.[19] In recent years, there have been efforts to revive their indigenous culture. In 2018, former Afghan president Hamid Karzai met members of this community and inaugurated the Sheenkhalai Art Project during the Jaipur Literature Festival.[19] A feature-length documentary titled Sheenkhalai – The Blue Skin produced by Shilpi Batra Adwani, a third-generation Sheenkhalai herself, explores the history and origins of this community and was funded by the India–Afghanistan Foundation.[19]
Since the 1970s, thousands of Afghan Hindus have emigrated from Afghanistan to escape war and persecution, and settled in India. Many of them had lived in the Pashtun areas for generations, spoke Pashto, and practiced a culture that was mostly Pashtun-influenced.[31]
Film and music
The city of Peshawar in the North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) gave birth to several prominent actors in Bollywood.[17][32][22][33][34] Some Indian actors also have ancestry in Balochistan[35][36][37] and Afghanistan.[38] Most of the Khans of Bollywood belong to the Pathan community,[17] such as Aamir Khan.[39] Others, such as the Punjabi-origin Kapoor family,[17][40][41] and other Hindu Pathans or the Hindko-origin[42] Dilip Kumar[43][44][45] and Shah Rukh Khan,[46][47] while not ethnically Pathans, are often referred to as "Pathans" due to their culture and origins in Peshawar.[17][48]
Pathans have contributed to Indian music as well; the sarod, a stringed instrument used in Hindustani classical music, descends from the Pashtun rubab and was invented by the Bangash musical gharana which migrated to India (whose descendants include ustads Sakhawat Hussain, Hafiz Ali Khan, and the latter's son Amjad Ali Khan).[49][50] In pop music, the Pakistani-origin Adnan Sami has been called the "reigning King of Indipop."[17][51]
Literature and media
Pashto literature thrived in North India from the early 16th century up until the turn of the 19th century, even while Persian remained the dominant language of the region during the Mughal period.[52] It was a provincial language spoken mainly by Pashtun administrative and military elites, and other early Pashtun settlers and temporary dwellers in India.[52] Classical manuscripts have indicated the existence of some Pashto verses and poetry emerging from the Ganges region.[52]
Pir Roshan, a Sufi who is regarded as one of the earliest Pashto writers, was a Pashtun from Waziristan who was born in Jalandhar.[53]
The All India Radio (AIR) operates a Pashto-language service.[54] Pashto was the first external radio service of AIR, broadcasting its inaugural transmission on 1 October 1939 for Pashto-listeners across British India's North-West Frontier Province and Afghanistan. Its purpose was to counter German radio propanda infiltrating Afghanistan, Iran and West Asian nations following the outbreak of World War II.[55][56] Afghan students studying in India are mostly Pashtun.[57] The Centre of Persian and Central Asian Studies (CPCAS) at New Delhi's Jawaharlal Nehru University offers bachelor-level courses in Pashto.[58][59][60]
Sport
Pathans have represented the Indian national cricket team both before and after independence. They include Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi, the eighth Nawab of Pataudi, who played for both England and India in the 1930s and 1940s, eventually captaining the Indian side in 1946.[61] His son, Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi, also played Test cricket as a batsman for India between 1961 and 1975 and became the country's youngest captain when appointed in 1962.[61] The all-rounder Salim Durani (who in cricketing records is erroneously referred to as the first Afghan-born Test cricketer, but was born near the Khyber Pass)[62] represented India in Test cricket in the 1960s and 1970s.[61] The brother duo of Yusuf and Irfan Pathan have respectively played for India in the two shorter and all three formats of the game.[63]
In field hockey, Feroze Khan was a gold medalist for India at the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was a Pathan from Jalandhar, and migrated to Pakistan in the early 1950s.[64][65] Ahmed Khan became a gold medalist for India at the 1936 Summer Olympics, while his son Aslam Sher Khan was a member of the Indian squad which won the 1975 Men's Hockey World Cup. They were Pathans from Bhopal.[66][67]
Ghaus Mohammad was the first Indian tennis player to qualify for Wimbledon quarter-finals, in 1939. He was an Afridi Pathan from Malihabad.[68]
Distribution
Bihar
Delhi
According to Sohail Hashmi, the Peshawari dress and turban were a common site on the streets of Delhi up until the 1960s.[18] The area of Jangpura has long been a hub for Pathan Muslims, possibly due to its proximity to the Nizamuddin Dargah.[18]
Gujarat
Jammu and Kashmir
In July 1954, over 100,000 Pashtun tribespeople living in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir were granted Indian nationality.[69]
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Mumbai has been home to a Pathan community since the 19th century. They predominately belong to the Yusufzai, Durrani, Ahmadzai, Kakar and Afridi tribes, mostly originating from the tribal areas of northwest Pakistan.[7] Afghanistan has maintained a consulate-general in Bombay since 1915, alluding to the historic presence of Pathans in the city.[7]
The Afghan-born Karim Lala was one of the three most influential dons in the Mumbai underworld for decades. As the head of the "Pathan Gang", an organised mafia group of mostly ethnic Pathans involved in the trade of cross-border smuggling, narcotics, bounty hunting (in collusion with Indian businessmen),[70] extortion rackets, gambling and liquor dens, forced evictions, and contract work, Karim Lala wielded significant political clout and was well known to both the elite and the common man of Mumbai.[71][72] It is believed that the famous character of Sher Khan portrayed by Pran in the 1973 film Zanjeer was based on him.[71]
Punjab
The city of Malerkotla is home to a significant population of Punjabi Muslims, some of whom are of Pathan origin.[73] It is notably the only Muslim-majority city in Indian Punjab, since the partition in 1947.[74] The princely Malerkotla State was established and ruled by a dynasty of Pathan descent.[74]
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Telangana and Andhra Pradesh
The former Hyderabad State had a Pathan community, and also an organisation known as the Pakhtoon Jirga which looked after the interests of the Pashtuns living within that state.[75]
Uttar Pradesh
See also
References
- ^ a b "Census of India 2011: Language" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ^ a b Ali, Arshad (15 February 2018). "Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan's great granddaughter seeks citizenship for 'Phastoons' in India". Daily News and Analysis. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
Interacting with mediapersons on Wednesday, Yasmin, the president of All India Pakhtoon Jirga-e-Hind, said that there were 32 lakh Phastoons in the country who were living and working in India but were yet to get citizenship.
- ^ a b "Pashtun". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
Pashtun, also spelled Pushtun or Pakhtun, Hindustani Pathan, Persian Afghan, Pashto-speaking people residing primarily in the region that lies between the Hindu Kush in northeastern Afghanistan and the northern stretch of the Indus River in Pakistan.
- ^ von Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph (1985). Tribal populations and cultures of the Indian subcontinent. Handbuch der Orientalistik/2,7. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 126. ISBN 90-04-07120-2. OCLC 240120731. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
- ^ George Morton-Jack (24 February 2015). The Indian Army on the Western Front South Asia Edition. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-1-107-11765-5.
'Pathan', an Urdu and a Hindi term, was usually used by the British when speaking in English. They preferred it to 'Pashtun', 'Pashtoon', 'Pakhtun' or 'Pukhtun', all Pashtu versions of the same word, which the frontier tribesmen would have used when speaking of themselves in their own Pashtu dialects.
- ^ James William Spain (1963). The Pathan Borderland. Mouton.
The most familiar name in the west is Pathan, a Hindi term adopted by the British, which is usually applied only to the people living east of the Durand.
- ^ a b c d e Lentin, Sifra (12 December 2019). "Bombay's Pathans: living by a code". Gateway House. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
- ^ Abubakar Siddique (15 June 2014). The Pashtun Question: The Unresolved Key to the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Hurst. pp. 28–. ISBN 978-1-84904-499-8.
- ^ Shane, Scott (5 December 2009). "The War in Pashtunistan". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
- ^ Joyce A. Quinn; Susan L. Woodward (3 February 2015). Earth's Landscape: An Encyclopedia of the World's Geographic Features [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of the World's Geographic Features. ABC-CLIO. pp. 332–. ISBN 978-1-61069-446-9.
- ^ Andrew Simpson (30 August 2007). Language and National Identity in Asia. OUP Oxford. pp. 105–. ISBN 978-0-19-153308-2.
- ^ a b James Sadler Hamilton (1994). Sitar Music in Calcutta: An Ethnomusicological Study. Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. pp. 31–. ISBN 978-81-208-1210-9.
- ^ a b Jasim Khan (27 December 2015). Being Salman. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 38–. ISBN 978-81-8475-094-2.
- ^ Ghaus Ansari (1960). Muslim Caste in Uttar Pradesh: A Study of Culture Contact. Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society. p. 32-35. OCLC 1104993.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - ^ Reena Nanda (10 February 2018). From Quetta to Delhi: A Partition Story. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 135–. ISBN 978-93-86643-44-5.
- ^ Vijay, Tarun (11 December 2019). "From Hindukush to Hindustan, no place for the Hindus?". Times of India. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
And Hindus, once a large majority in Afghanistan, the Afghan Hindus, the Pathan Hindus simply became extinct and turned refugees taking shelter in Germany and other countries. Hindustan never bothers about them. There are some Afghan Hindus living in Delhi. You can meet them to know what it cost them to be here.
- ^ a b c d e f g Lentin, Sifra (30 January 2020). "The Khans of Bombay's Hindi film industry". Gateway House. Archived from the original on 22 April 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ^ a b c Hashmi, Sohail (15 August 2017). "The Role of Partition in Making Delhi What It Is Today". The Wire. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
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Bhagat Ram Talwar, later known as Silver, was the only quintuple spy in World War-II, working for the British, Russians, Germans, Italians, and the Japanese. Silver, who identified as a "Hindu Pathan," was born and raised in the northwest region of the subcontinent bordering Afghanistan.
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It was, in fact, on the edge of this landscape, near Peshawar, that our morally agnostic protagonist was born in 1908, into a family of Punjabi descent.
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Kapoor's father, Prithviraj, was the first self-confessed Hindu "Pathan" from Peshawar to make a mark in Bollywood as an actor and producer.
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I'm a Pathan's son. My father, my grandfather, they all were Pathans from Peshawar...
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My family hailed from Peshawar [in the erstwhile North West Frontier Province, now in Pakistan] and we are what we call Hindu Pathans," FC Mehra's son, filmmaker Umesh Mehra, said.
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Written by the late Pushpa Kumari Bagai, this book is a collection of her special culinary traditions – 80 vegetarian cuisine recipes, each one reflecting the history and culture of the Hindu Pathan community of Dera Ismail Khan.
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...Pushpa Kumari Bagai, who herself was the custodian and exponent of a very special culinary tradition – the vegetarian cuisine of the Hindu Pathans of Dera Ismail Khan.
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One of this intrepid breed to whom defeat was a dirty word was Kundan Lal Gujral. He was a Punjabi-Pathan from the North-West Frontier Province. This area, in what later became part of West Pakistan, comprised a unique blend of not only Hindu-Muslim culture but also a Punjabi-Pathan mix.
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And perhaps Dilip Kumar does not know but in Peshawar his screen name is pronounced 'Daleep' with a thick Hindko accent.
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Born into a Hindko-speaking Peshawari Pashtun family of 12 children, Dilip Kumar was born in Peshawar, now in Pakistan.
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Kumar was born as Yousuf Khan in the Hindko-speaking Awan family on December 11, 1922 in Mohallah Khudadad, near Qissa Khwani Bazaar, Peshawar.
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There is a strong misperception about Shah Rukh's identity who is widely considered as a Pathan. In fact, his entire family speaks Hindko language. His ancestors came from Kashmir and settled in Peshawar centuries back, revealed Maqsood.
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Mr Ahmed said that the celebrity understood Hindko and loved to speak in his mother-tongue despite having been born away from Hindko speaking area.
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Gharanas of sarod players have their origins in the lineages of the Pathan communities that brought the Afghan rabab to India.
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After the 1936 Olympics, Ahmed Sher Khan married a lissome Pathan lass called Ahmedi, who bore him two daughters and me.
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With only eight minutes to go, a barely known Pathan, Aslam Sher Khan, was sent in as a substitute for Michael Kindo.
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