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|'''[[Northern goshawk|goshawks]]''' ||flight || ||<ref name="albans" /> |
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|'''[[grackle]]s''' ||plague || ||[[Common_grackle#Ecology_and_behavior|common grackle]] |
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Revision as of 19:23, 25 October 2017
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Wildgansflug.jpg/220px-Wildgansflug.jpg)
This is a list of English terms of venery (venery being an archaic word for hunting), comprising terms from a tradition that arose in the Late Middle Ages, at least partly from the Book of Saint Albans of 1486, a historic list of "Company Terms". The present list also includes more common collective terms (such as "herd" and "flock") for some animals.
Standard terms for particular groups are listed first in each group and shown in bold.
Subject | Collective noun | Notes | Sources |
---|---|---|---|
A | |||
antelopes | herd | [1] | |
ants | army | [2] | |
colony | [2][3] | ||
nest | [2] | ||
swarm | [2] | ||
apes | shrewdness | [1][4][5] | |
troop | [2] | ||
asses | herd | [2] | |
drove | driven in a group | [2] | |
pace or passe | [2][3] | ||
B | |||
baboons | troop | [2][5] | |
badgers | cete | [2][3][5][6] | |
bats | colony | [3] | |
bears | sleuth or sloth | [2][3][5] | |
beavers | colony | [2] | |
family | [2] | ||
bees | swarm | [5] | |
drift | [5] | ||
erst | [5] | ||
grist | [3] | ||
birds | flock | [5] | |
flight | [5] | ||
pod | [5] | ||
bitterns | sedge or sege | [3][4][7][8] | |
boars | sounder | 12 or more | [6] |
buffalo | herd | [3][5] | |
bullfinches | bellowing | [5] | |
bullocks | drove | driven in a group | [5] |
butterflies | swarm | [9] | |
flutter | [10] | ||
kaleidoscope | [11] | ||
C | |||
capercaillie | tok | [12] | |
capons | mews | [13] | |
caribou | herd | [13] | |
cats | clowder | [2][3] | |
pounce | [3] | ||
destruction | feral cats | [5][14] | |
cattle | mob | driven in a group | [15] |
chickens | clutch | [5] | |
choughs | chattering or clattering | [4][5][6][16][17] | |
colts | rag | [3][5][6] | |
rake | [5] | ||
cormorants | gulp | [3] | |
coots | covert | [4][5][8] | |
coyotes | pack | [citation needed] | |
cranes | herd | [4][5][8] | |
sedge or sege | [3][7] | ||
crocodiles | bask | [3] | |
crows | murder or horde | [3][5][6] | |
curlews | herd | [4][5][6][8] | |
D | |||
deer | herd | [citation needed] | |
parcel | [18] | ||
dogs | pack | [citation needed] | |
dolphins | pod | [19][20] | |
dotterel | trip | [3][5][21] | |
doves | dole or dule | fanciful | [3][4][5] |
flight | [8] | ||
ducks | badling or badelynge | [3][8] | |
paddling | on water | [3][5] | |
plump | [22][23] | ||
raft | on water | [3][5] | |
dunlins | fling | [5] | |
E | |||
eagles | convocation | [3] | |
eels | bed | [2] | |
elephants | herd | [3] | |
elk | gang | [5][6] | |
herd | [5] | ||
F | |||
falcons | cast | [24] | |
ferrets | business | corruption over time of 'busyness' | [3][6] |
busyness | [4] | ||
besyness fesynes fesnyng feamyng |
ghost words arising from successive misspellings of "busyness" | [25] | |
finches | charm or chirm | [3][5] | |
fish | school | [3] | |
shoal | [3] | ||
flamingoes | stand | [3] | |
flamboyance | [26] | ||
colony | [26] | ||
regiment | [26] | ||
flies | business | [3] | |
foxes | leash | [3] | |
skulk | [3] | ||
frogs | army | [3] | |
G | |||
geese | flock | on land | [3] |
gaggle | on land | [3][5][8] | |
skein | in flight | [3][5] | |
giraffes | herd | [5] | |
tower | [3] | ||
gnats | cloud | [3][5] | |
horde | [3] | ||
goats | flock | [5] | |
goldfinches | charm | [8] | |
gorillas | band | [3] | |
goshawks | flight | [4] | |
grackles | plague | common grackle | |
grasshoppers | cloud | [3] | |
grouse | covey | [5] | |
guineafowl | rasp | [27] | |
H | |||
hawks | boil | two or more spiralling in flight | [3] |
cast | [3][4] | ||
kettle | flying in large numbers | [3] | |
lease | [4] | ||
hens | brood | [8] | |
herons | sedge or sege | [3][4][6][7][8] | |
siege | [3][5] | ||
hippopotamuses | bloat | [3] | |
hogs | parcel | See also boars, pigs, swine | [28][29] |
hornets | nest | [3] | |
horses | team | in harness | [3] |
haras or harrase | [3] | ||
herd | [citation needed] | ||
string | [3] | ||
stud | [3] | ||
hounds | pack | [citation needed] | |
hyenas | cackle | [3] | |
I | |||
ibex | herd | [citation needed] | |
insects | swarm | [citation needed] | |
J | |||
jackdaws | clattering | [30] | |
train | [30][31] | ||
jays | party | [3] | |
scold | [3] | ||
jellyfish | fluther | [5] | |
smack | [3][5] | ||
K | |||
kangaroos | mob | [2] | |
troop | [2][3] | ||
kittens | kindle | [5] | |
litter | [citation needed] | ||
L | |||
lapwings | deceit or desert | [3][4][5][6][32] | |
larks | bevy | [5] | |
exaltation | [4][5][6][8] | ||
leopards | leap or lepe | [2][3][5] | |
lions | pride | [2][3][5] | |
sawt | [5] | ||
locusts | plague | [3] | |
M | |||
mackerel | shoal | [citation needed] | |
magpies | charm | [3] | |
gulp | [3] | ||
murder | [3] | ||
tiding | [3][4][5] | ||
mallards | sord | [3][5][8] | |
suit or sute | [5][8] | ||
mares | stud | [5][6] | |
martens | richesse or richness | [3][5] | |
mice | nest | [2] | |
minnows | shoal | [citation needed] | |
moles | labor or labour | [2][3][5] | |
monkeys | barrel | [2][3] | |
troop | [3][5] | ||
wilderness | [33] | ||
moose | herd | [2] | |
mules | barren | [2][3][5][6] | |
span | [2][3] | ||
N | |||
nightingales | watch | [4][5][8] | |
O | |||
owls | parliament | [2][3][6] | |
oxen | drove | [2] | |
team | [2][3] | ||
yoke | [2][3] | ||
oysters | bed | [2][3] | |
P | |||
parrots | company | [2][3] | |
pandemonium | [2] | ||
partridges | covey | [3][5][8] | |
peacocks | muster | [3][5][6][8] | |
ostentation | [2][3] | ||
pride | [2] | ||
pelicans | pod | [2] | |
penguins | colony | [2][3] | |
convent | [2] | ||
pheasants | bouquet | [2][3] | |
head | [5] | ||
nest | [3] | ||
nide | [3] | ||
nye | [2][3][5][6][8] | ||
pigs | drift | See also boars, hogs, swine | [2][3] |
drove | [2][3] | ||
pigeons | kit | flying together | [5] |
plovers | congregation | [4][5][8] | |
stand | [5] | ||
wing | [5] | ||
Q | |||
quail | bevy | [2][3][4][5][8] | |
covey | [2][3] | ||
drift | [5] | ||
R | |||
rabbits | colony | [3] | |
nest | [3] | ||
herd | domestic only | [3] | |
litter | young rabbits only | [3] | |
raccoons | gaze | [2] | |
rats | mischief | [34] | |
ravens | unkindness | [4][5] | |
rhinoceroses | crash | [2][3][5] | |
rooks | building | [4][5][8] | |
parliament | [5][6] | ||
S | |||
seals | pod | [citation needed] | |
sea urchins | herd | [35][36] | |
sheep | flock | [2][3] | |
drove | when driven in a group | [3] | |
herd | [3] | ||
hurtle | [2] | ||
pack | [2] | ||
sheldrake | dopping | [8][37] | |
snakes | bed | [2] | |
den | [2] | ||
knot | [2] | ||
nest | [3] | ||
pit | [2] | ||
snipes | walk | [5][6][8] | |
whisp or wisp | [5] | ||
sparrows | host | [2][3][4][5][8] | |
spiders | cluster or clutter | [2] | |
squirrels | dray | [2][3] | |
scurry | [2][3] | ||
starlings | chattering | [2][16] | |
murmuration | [2][4][5][6][8] | ||
storks | mustering | [2][3] | |
swallows | flight | [2][3][8] | |
swans | bank | on the ground | [2] |
bevy | [2][3] | ||
flight | [2] | ||
game | [5] | ||
herd | [2][8] | ||
wedge | in flight | [2][3][5] | |
swifts | flock | [citation needed] | |
scream | [38] | ||
swine | drift | [6] | |
T | |||
teal | spring | [3][4][5][8] | |
tigers | ambush | [2] | |
streak | [2][3] | ||
toads | knot | [2][3] | |
nest | [2] | ||
trout | hover | [2][3] | |
turkeys | gang | [3] | |
rafter | [2][3] | ||
turtles | bale | [2][3] | |
dole or dule | [2][8] | ||
nest | [3] | ||
turtle doves | dole or dule | [4] | |
pitying | [3] | ||
V | |||
vipers | nest | [3] | |
vultures | wake | [citation needed] | |
W | |||
walruses | herd | [3] | |
pod | [3] | ||
waterfowl | bunch | [5] | |
knob | fewer than 30 (fanciful) | [39] | |
raft | [5] | ||
weasels | colony | [2] | |
pack | [2] | ||
whales | gam | [2][3] | |
herd | [3] | ||
mob | [2] | ||
pod | [2][3] | ||
wigeons | company | [3][5] | |
trip | [5] | ||
wildfowl | bunch | [5] | |
knob | fewer than 30 (fanciful) | [39] | |
plump | [5] | ||
trip | [5] | ||
wolves | pack | [2][3] | |
rout or route | when in movement | [2][3] | |
wombats | wisdom | [40] | |
woodcocks | fall | [3][4][5][8] | |
woodpeckers | descent | [2][3][5] | |
wrens | herd | [4][5] | |
Z | |||
zebras | herd | [2] | |
dazzle | [41] | ||
zeal | [2] |
See also
References
- ^ a b Pepper, Elizabeth (2003). Witches all (Revised, Illustrated ed.). Tiverton, Rhode Island: Witches' Almanac Limited. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-881098-26-3.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce "San Diego Zoo". archived copy of Animal group names. Zoological Society of San Diego. Archived from the original on July 4, 2013. Retrieved 2014-04-22.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds "Common Questions: What Do You Call a Group of...?". archived copy of Animal Congregations, or What Do You Call a Group of.....?. U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Archived from the original on March 20, 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-13.
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suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Berners, Dame Juliana (1881) [1486]. The Boke of Saint Albans. Introduction by William Blades. London: Elliot Stock. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch "What do you call a group of ...?". Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 2016-10-22.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Schott, Ben (2002). Schott's Original Miscellany. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 0-7475-6320-9.
- ^ a b c "Sege" – via The Free Dictionary.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Strutt, Joseph (1801). The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England. London: J. White. p. 28.
- ^ "Butterflies and Moths of North America – collecting and sharing data about Lepidoptera". butterfliesandmoths.org.
- ^ "Monarch Butterfly: Danaus plexippus". National Geographic.
- ^ "What do you call a group of butterflies?". reference.com.
- ^ "BTO BirdFacts – Capercaillie". bto.org.
- ^ a b Faulkner, Mark; Lima Filho, Eduardo; Logan, Harriet; Mina, Miraphora (2013). A Compendium of Collective Nouns: From an Armory of Aardvarks to a Zeal of Zebras. Text by Jay Sacher. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. p. 37. ASIN B00CUSQNWO. ISBN 978-1-4521-2952-5. LCCN 2013-10190. OCLC 854853170.
- ^ "destruction" – via The Free Dictionary.
- ^ mob. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged. Retrieved November 30, 2015 from Dictionary.com website http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mob
- ^ a b "chattering" – via The Free Dictionary.
- ^ "clattering" – via The Free Dictionary.
- ^ Scrope, William (1883). Days of deer-stalking in the Scottish Highlands. London: Hamilton, Adams & Co. p. 83.
He pressed forward rapidly, still out of sight of both parcels of deer
- ^ "Battle to save NY pod of dolphins". BBC News. 17 January 2007. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ A Pod of Dolphins – NASA Mars Collection
- ^ "BTO BirdFacts – Dotterel". bto.org.
- ^ "plump: meaning and definitions". infoplease.com.
- ^ Plump[4] - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
- ^ "cast". Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 1989.
- ^ Borgmann, Dmitri A. (1967). Beyond Language: Adventures in Word and Thought. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 79–80, 146, 251–254. OCLC 655067975.
- ^ a b c "Animal Groups". About.com. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
- ^ Lynn-Allen, Lieut.-Colonel B. G. (1951). Shot-gun and Sunlight – The Game Birds of East Africa. London: Batchworth Press.
- ^ Avery Craven (1957). The coming of the Civil War. University of Chicago Press. p. 30. ISBN 0-226-11894-0.
- ^ Schoultz, Lars (1998). Beneath the United States. Harvard University Press. p. 1. ISBN 0-674-92276-X.
They are lazy, dirty, nasty, and in short I can compare them to nothing but a parcel of hogs. (John Quincy Adams, age 12)
- ^ a b Skull, Amanda. "Bird Watch – Jackdaw" (PDF). Bird Watch. British Trust for Ornithology. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
- ^ White, Gilbert (1833). The Natural History of Selborne. London, United Kingdom: N. Hailes. p. 163.
- ^ "BTO BirdFacts – Lapwing". bto.org.
- ^ Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice, Act III, Scene i
- ^ "ABC Creature Features - Rats". ABC.
- ^ "Balancing Act: Otters, Urchins and Kelp". Retrieved 2014-06-25.
- ^ "Blue Planet: The Deep".
- ^ "Dopping" – via The Free Dictionary.
- ^ "BTO BirdFacts – Swift". bto.org.
- ^ a b Ellery, Sue (November 11, 2012). Gallimaufry. Lulu.com. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-291-15774-1.
- ^ "Animal Encounters – Nat Geo Wild".
- ^ van der Post, Laurens (1958). The Lost World of the Kalahari. Harcourt Brace & Company. p. 196.
Further reading
- Hodgkin, John (1909). Proper Terms: An Attempt at Rational Explanation of the Meanings of the Collection of Phrases in "The Book of St. Albans," 1486, Entitled "Companys of Beestys and Fowlys," and Similar Lists'. Supplement to the Transactions of the Philological Society, 1907–1910.