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{{short description|Bangladeshi far-right, Islamist political party}} |
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The '''Bangladesh Khilafat Majlis''' (also known as '''Khilafat Majlis''') is an [[Islamism|Islamist]] political party working to establish an [[Islamic state]] along the lines of a [[Caliphate]] ('Khilafat') in the [[People's Republic of Bangladesh]]. |
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{{Split|date=July 2022}} |
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{{Infobox political party |
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| name = Khelafat Majlish |
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| native_name = খেলাফত মজলিস |
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| colorcode = {{party color|Khelafat Majlish}} |
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| leader = [[Md. Ishaq]] <small>(since 2012)</small> |
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| secretary_general = [[Ahmad Abdul Qadir]] |
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| founder = [[Azizul Haque (scholar, born 1919)|Azizul Haque]] |
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| leader1_title = Inaugural Amir |
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| leader1_name = [[Abdul Gaffar (politician)|Abdul Gaffar]] <small>(1989)</small> |
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| leader2_title = Second Amir |
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| leader2_name = [[Azizul Haque (scholar, born 1919)|Azizul Haque]] <small>(1989–2012)</small> |
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| foundation = {{start date and age|1989|12|8}} |
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| ideology = [[Islamism]] |
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| country = Bangladesh |
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| headquarters = 16 Bijoy Nagar Road, [[Dhaka]] |
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| symbol = [[Wall clock]] |
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| seats2_title = Chairmen in [[Union Parishad|Union Councils]] |
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| seats2 = {{composition bar|1|4554|{{party color|Khelafat Majlish}}|width=80%}} |
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}} |
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The '''Khelafat Majlish''', also spelt '''Khelafat Majlis''' ({{lang-bn|খেলাফত মজলিস|Caliphate Council}}), is a [[Far-right politics|far-right]] [[Islamism|Islamist]] political party in [[Bangladesh]]. The party was founded in [[Dhaka]], the capital of Bangladesh, in 1989 by [[Deobandi]] scholar [[Azizul Haque (scholar, born 1919)|Azizul Haque]] along with [[Ahmad Abdul Qadir]] and former leaders of the [[National Awami Party]] and [[Tamaddun Majlish]]. Since its founding, it has only ever gained one seat in the country's [[Jatiya Sangsad|National Parliament]].<ref name="IPU91"/> The party split into two in 2005, with Azizul Haque's faction taking the name [[Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish]]. |
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==History== |
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The party was publicly established on 8 December 1989, during a national conference was held at the [[Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh|IEB Auditorium]] in [[Dhaka]]. It was founded by [[Azizul Haque (scholar, born 1919)|Azizul Haque]], who had left the [[Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan|Khilafat Andolan]] after the death of its founder, [[Muhammadullah Hafezzi]]. The party was founded as a union between [[Islami Jubo Shibir]] leader [[Ahmad Abdul Qadir]], a splinter group of [[Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani]]'s [[National Awami Party]] and [[Tamaddun Majlish]] founder [[Professor Masud Khan]]. [[Abdul Gaffar (politician)|Abdul Gaffar]] was selected as the party's inaugural ''[[amir]]'' with Masud Khan serving as general secretary and Ahmad Abdul Qadir as vice-secretary. Azizul Haque headed the party's Central Guardian Council, and shortly replaced Abdul Gaffar as ''[[amir]]'', with [[A. R. M. Abdul Matin]] and [[Abdur Rab Yusufi]] becoming the next secretary-generals. Among the party's early activities were participating in the [[1990 Mass Uprising in Bangladesh]] against President [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]].<ref name=onu>{{cite web|url=http://onushilon.org/geography/bangladesh/politics/khm.htm|website=Onushilon|language=bn|title=খেলাফত মজলিস}}</ref> |
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The Khilafat Majlis was founded in 1989 by Maulana Abdul Gaffar of Khilafat Andolon and the firebrand, intellectual ideologue Dr. Ahmad Abdul Quader of Islami Jubo Shibir (a rival organisation to Jamaa'te-i-Islami in the 1980s when it emerged as Khilafat Majlis.) Although smaller in comparison to Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, Khilafat Majlis maintains a strong following amongst modern and traditionally educated Muslims, intellectuals, and laymen of all strands across the country. Unlike Jamaa't its attracts people from universities, colleges, schools as well as Kowmi and Alia Madrasas. |
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On 22 December 1990, Azizul Haque founded the [[Islami Oikya Jote]]; a political alliance of six Islamic parties consisting of his Khelafat Majlish, the [[Islami Andolan Bangladesh|Islami Shashontantra Andolan]] party led by [[Syed Fazlul Karim]], the [[Nizam-e-Islam Party]], the [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh|Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]] led by [[Abdul Karim Shaykh-e-Kouria]], the [[Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan|Khilafat Andolan]] led by [[Ahmadullah Ashraf]] and the [[Faraizi movement|Faraizi Jamaat]].<ref name=onu/> The alliance participated in the [[1991 Bangladeshi general election]], gaining one constituency ([[Sylhet-5]]) under [[Obaidul Haque]] of the Khelafat Majlish.<ref name="IPU91">{{cite web |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2023_91.htm |title=BANGLADESH: parliamentary elections Jatiya Sangsad, 1991|publisher= Inter-Parliamentary Union |access-date=2 January 2019 }}</ref> |
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==Agenda and activities== |
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The Khilafat Majlis seeks the establishment of an [[Islamic state]], modelled on the [[Caliphate]], a multi-national religious [[supranational]] state.<ref name="F">{{cite book|title=To Live Or to Perish Forever: Two Tumultuous Years in Pakistan|author=Nicholas Schmidle|pages=100–117|publisher=Macmillan|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8050-9149-6}}</ref> The party seeks the full enforcement of the Sha'riah. In conjunction with other Islamist parties Khilafat Majlis held street protests in the capital [[Dhaka]] condemning [[Israel]] for its role in the [[2006 Lebanon War]].<ref name="B">{{cite web|title=Protests in city against Israeli attacks|url=http://www.newagebd.com/2006/aug/12/nat.html|publisher=New Age Bangladesh|accessdate=2010-08-27}}</ref> In February 2010 police in [[Khulna]] [[baton charge|baton-charged]] Khilafat Majlis activists who were holding street protests, and arrested five.<ref name="E">{{cite web|title=Police batoncharge Khelafat Majlis protestors in Khulna, 5 held|url=http://www.ittefaq.com/issues/2010/02/20/news0342.htm|publisher=The New Nation|date=2010-02-20|accessdate=2010-08-27}}</ref> Khilafat Majlis activists were reportedly protesting the arrest of a central party leader [[Maulana Shakhawat]], who had been arrested by the government. |
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As a result of the 1992 [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid]] in [[Ayodhya]], [[India]], the Majlis organised a march from [[Dhaka]] to Ayodhya on 2 January 1993 and demanded its restoration. The protestors, led by Azizul Haque, reached the border near [[Khulna Division|Khulna]], where the [[Government of Bangladesh]] blocked off the boundaries and suppressed the march. In the same year, Azizul Haque declared on behalf of the Majlis that India's prime minister [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Narasimha Rao]] should not visit India and gave orders to besiege the [[Shahjalal International Airport|national airport]]. Haque was coincidentally arrested for this reason on 9 April 1993, though he was later released on 8 May.<ref name=onu/> |
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Khilafat Majlis is being led by veteran Islamist leader Maulana Muhammad Ishaq and Ahmad Abdul Quader. Central Executive Committee runs the day-to-day affairs of the party. |
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In 2005, the party split into two as Azizul Haque did not agree with joining the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]-led [[Four Party Alliance]]. On 22 May 2005, the Central [[Majlis-ash-Shura]] session was held at the Hotel Ruposhi Bangla in [[Paltan]], where the ''Naib-e-Amir'' [[Md. Ishaq]] was elected as the party's ''amir'', and [[Ahmad Abdul Qadir]] as the general-secretary. Azizul Haque's party was registered as [[Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish]], and took on the [[rickshaw]] as its symbol. |
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In conjunction with other Islamist parties Khilafat Majlis held street protests in the capital [[Dhaka]] condemning [[Israel]] for its role in the [[2006 Lebanon War]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Protests in city against Israeli attacks |url=http://www.newagebd.com/2006/aug/12/nat.html |newspaper=New Age |location=Dhaka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025063449/http://www.newagebd.com/2006/aug/12/nat.html |archive-date=2008-10-25 |access-date=2010-08-27}}</ref> In February 2010, police in [[Khulna]] [[baton charge|baton-charged]] Khilafat Majlis activists who were holding street protests, and arrested five. Khilafat Majlis activists were reportedly protesting the arrest of a central party leader [[Maulana Shakhawat]], who had been arrested by the government.<ref>{{cite news|title=Police batoncharge Khelafat Majlish protesters in Khulna, 5 held |url=http://nation.ittefaq.com:80/issues/2010/02/20/news0342.htm |publisher=The New Nation |date=2010-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225103745/http://nation.ittefaq.com/issues/2010/02/20/news0342.htm |archive-date=2010-02-25 |access-date=2010-08-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2021, the Majlis officially quit the [[20 Party Alliance|BNP Alliance]]. |
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==Aim== |
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{{Better source needed|date=July 2022}} |
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The Khelafat Majlis seeks the establishment of an [[Islamic state]],<ref name="Schmidle2010">{{cite book |author=Nicholas Schmidle |date=2010 |title=To Live Or to Perish Forever: Two Tumultuous Years in Pakistan |publisher=Macmillan |pages=100–117 |isbn=978-0-8050-9149-6}}</ref> modelled on the [[Caliphate]], a multi-national religious [[supranational union|supranational]] state.{{cn|date=July 2022}} The party seeks the full enforcement of the Sha'riah. |
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==Pact with Awami League== |
==Pact with Awami League== |
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On January 22, 2006 [[Sheikh Hasina Wajed]], the president of the reputedly [[secular]] [[Bangladesh Awami League]] and the current [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]], signed a controversial [[memorandum of understanding]] with |
On January 22, 2006 [[Sheikh Hasina Wajed]], the president of the reputedly [[secular]] [[Bangladesh Awami League]] and the current [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]], signed a controversial [[memorandum of understanding]] with Khelafat Majlish to form a political alliance for the then scheduled 2006 general election.<ref name="Schmidle2010"/><ref name="C">{{cite news |last=Ruhin |first=Ofiul Hasnat |date=2007-06-24 |title=Hasina, Amu trade blames |url=http://www.newagebd.com/2007/jun/24/front.html#3 |newspaper=New Age |location=Dhaka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410121924/http://www.newagebd.com/2007/jun/24/front.html |archive-date=2008-04-10 |access-date=2010-08-27}}</ref><ref name="D">{{cite news |title=Hasina warns of plot against AL |url=http://www.newagebd.com/2007/jun/24/front.html#e |newspaper=New Age |location=Dhaka |date=2007-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410121924/http://www.newagebd.com/2007/jun/24/front.html |archive-date=2008-04-10 |access-date=2010-08-27}}</ref> The terms of the pact were reportedly to be designed to give the Awami League, one of the two main political parties in Bangladesh, a share in the vote bank of religious Muslim voters, who formed an important bloc of voters in Muslim-majority Bangladesh.<ref name="Schmidle2010"/> In turn, an Awami League-led government would enact the Majlish agenda of declaring the [[Ahmadiyya]] community as non-Muslim, passing a [[blasphemy law]] (outlawing expressions of criticism of Islam) and make [[fatwa]]s (decrees from Muslim clerics) legally binding.<ref name="Schmidle2010"/> However, Sheikh Hasina later claimed that the Khelafat had approached her about forming an alliance, and had promised to support a secular policy.<ref name="C"/><ref name="D"/> |
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The pact was severely |
The pact was severely criticized within Bangladesh and by various leaders of the Awami League, including [[presidium]] member [[Amir Hossain Amu]], who criticized Sheikh Hasina for signing the pact without discussing it with other party leaders.<ref name="C"/><ref name="D"/> By 2007, the pact had been scrapped after Sheikh Hasina returned to Bangladesh from the exile imposed by the [[Caretaker government of Bangladesh|interim government]] (2006–2008).<ref name="C"/><ref name="D"/> Defending her actions, Sheikh Hasina said that the pact was signed for a "certain period" to resist the "communal-fundamentalist forces" led by the Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh.<ref name="C"/><ref name="D"/> Hasina claimed she was authorised by party leaders to make any decisions to ensure election victory for the Awami League.<ref name="C"/><ref name="D"/> |
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== See also == |
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* [[List of Deobandi organisations]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Islamist groups]] |
[[Category:Islamist groups]] |
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[[Category:Islamic political parties in Bangladesh]] |
[[Category:Islamic political parties in Bangladesh]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Far-right politics in Bangladesh]] |
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[[Category:Deobandi organisations]] |
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[[Category:Khelafat Majlish| ]] |
Latest revision as of 09:16, 28 April 2024
Khelafat Majlish খেলাফত মজলিস | |
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Leader | Md. Ishaq (since 2012) |
Secretary-General | Ahmad Abdul Qadir |
Inaugural Amir | Abdul Gaffar (1989) |
Second Amir | Azizul Haque (1989–2012) |
Founder | Azizul Haque |
Founded | December 8, 1989 |
Headquarters | 16 Bijoy Nagar Road, Dhaka |
Ideology | Islamism |
Chairmen in Union Councils | 1 / 4,554 |
Election symbol | |
Wall clock | |
The Khelafat Majlish, also spelt Khelafat Majlis (Bengali: খেলাফত মজলিস, romanized: Caliphate Council), is a far-right Islamist political party in Bangladesh. The party was founded in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, in 1989 by Deobandi scholar Azizul Haque along with Ahmad Abdul Qadir and former leaders of the National Awami Party and Tamaddun Majlish. Since its founding, it has only ever gained one seat in the country's National Parliament.[1] The party split into two in 2005, with Azizul Haque's faction taking the name Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish.
History
The party was publicly established on 8 December 1989, during a national conference was held at the IEB Auditorium in Dhaka. It was founded by Azizul Haque, who had left the Khilafat Andolan after the death of its founder, Muhammadullah Hafezzi. The party was founded as a union between Islami Jubo Shibir leader Ahmad Abdul Qadir, a splinter group of Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani's National Awami Party and Tamaddun Majlish founder Professor Masud Khan. Abdul Gaffar was selected as the party's inaugural amir with Masud Khan serving as general secretary and Ahmad Abdul Qadir as vice-secretary. Azizul Haque headed the party's Central Guardian Council, and shortly replaced Abdul Gaffar as amir, with A. R. M. Abdul Matin and Abdur Rab Yusufi becoming the next secretary-generals. Among the party's early activities were participating in the 1990 Mass Uprising in Bangladesh against President Hussain Muhammad Ershad.[2]
On 22 December 1990, Azizul Haque founded the Islami Oikya Jote; a political alliance of six Islamic parties consisting of his Khelafat Majlish, the Islami Shashontantra Andolan party led by Syed Fazlul Karim, the Nizam-e-Islam Party, the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam led by Abdul Karim Shaykh-e-Kouria, the Khilafat Andolan led by Ahmadullah Ashraf and the Faraizi Jamaat.[2] The alliance participated in the 1991 Bangladeshi general election, gaining one constituency (Sylhet-5) under Obaidul Haque of the Khelafat Majlish.[1]
As a result of the 1992 Demolition of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, India, the Majlis organised a march from Dhaka to Ayodhya on 2 January 1993 and demanded its restoration. The protestors, led by Azizul Haque, reached the border near Khulna, where the Government of Bangladesh blocked off the boundaries and suppressed the march. In the same year, Azizul Haque declared on behalf of the Majlis that India's prime minister Narasimha Rao should not visit India and gave orders to besiege the national airport. Haque was coincidentally arrested for this reason on 9 April 1993, though he was later released on 8 May.[2]
In 2005, the party split into two as Azizul Haque did not agree with joining the BNP-led Four Party Alliance. On 22 May 2005, the Central Majlis-ash-Shura session was held at the Hotel Ruposhi Bangla in Paltan, where the Naib-e-Amir Md. Ishaq was elected as the party's amir, and Ahmad Abdul Qadir as the general-secretary. Azizul Haque's party was registered as Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish, and took on the rickshaw as its symbol.
In conjunction with other Islamist parties Khilafat Majlis held street protests in the capital Dhaka condemning Israel for its role in the 2006 Lebanon War.[3] In February 2010, police in Khulna baton-charged Khilafat Majlis activists who were holding street protests, and arrested five. Khilafat Majlis activists were reportedly protesting the arrest of a central party leader Maulana Shakhawat, who had been arrested by the government.[4] In 2021, the Majlis officially quit the BNP Alliance.
Aim
The Khelafat Majlis seeks the establishment of an Islamic state,[5] modelled on the Caliphate, a multi-national religious supranational state.[citation needed] The party seeks the full enforcement of the Sha'riah.
Pact with Awami League
On January 22, 2006 Sheikh Hasina Wajed, the president of the reputedly secular Bangladesh Awami League and the current Prime Minister of Bangladesh, signed a controversial memorandum of understanding with Khelafat Majlish to form a political alliance for the then scheduled 2006 general election.[5][6][7] The terms of the pact were reportedly to be designed to give the Awami League, one of the two main political parties in Bangladesh, a share in the vote bank of religious Muslim voters, who formed an important bloc of voters in Muslim-majority Bangladesh.[5] In turn, an Awami League-led government would enact the Majlish agenda of declaring the Ahmadiyya community as non-Muslim, passing a blasphemy law (outlawing expressions of criticism of Islam) and make fatwas (decrees from Muslim clerics) legally binding.[5] However, Sheikh Hasina later claimed that the Khelafat had approached her about forming an alliance, and had promised to support a secular policy.[6][7]
The pact was severely criticized within Bangladesh and by various leaders of the Awami League, including presidium member Amir Hossain Amu, who criticized Sheikh Hasina for signing the pact without discussing it with other party leaders.[6][7] By 2007, the pact had been scrapped after Sheikh Hasina returned to Bangladesh from the exile imposed by the interim government (2006–2008).[6][7] Defending her actions, Sheikh Hasina said that the pact was signed for a "certain period" to resist the "communal-fundamentalist forces" led by the Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh.[6][7] Hasina claimed she was authorised by party leaders to make any decisions to ensure election victory for the Awami League.[6][7]
See also
References
- ^ a b "BANGLADESH: parliamentary elections Jatiya Sangsad, 1991". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
- ^ a b c "খেলাফত মজলিস". Onushilon (in Bengali).
- ^ "Protests in city against Israeli attacks". New Age. Dhaka. Archived from the original on 2008-10-25. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
- ^ "Police batoncharge Khelafat Majlish protesters in Khulna, 5 held". The New Nation. 2010-02-20. Archived from the original on 2010-02-25. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
- ^ a b c d Nicholas Schmidle (2010). To Live Or to Perish Forever: Two Tumultuous Years in Pakistan. Macmillan. pp. 100–117. ISBN 978-0-8050-9149-6.
- ^ a b c d e f Ruhin, Ofiul Hasnat (2007-06-24). "Hasina, Amu trade blames". New Age. Dhaka. Archived from the original on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
- ^ a b c d e f "Hasina warns of plot against AL". New Age. Dhaka. 2007-06-24. Archived from the original on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2010-08-27.