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Infobox monarch |
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| name = Ilu-šūma |
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| title = [[List of Assyrian kings|Išši’ak Aššur]] |
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| reign = ''[[Floruit|fl.]]'' ''c.'' 1900 BC |
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| predecessor = [[Shalim-ahum|Šalim-ahum]] |
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| successor = [[Erishum I|Erišum I]] |
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| father = [[Shalim-ahum|Šalim-ahum]] |
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}} |
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'''Ilu-šūma''', inscribed DINGIR''-šum-ma'',<ref group=i>Khorsabad copy of the ''Assyrian King List'' i 24, 26.</ref> son of [[Shalim-ahum|Šalim-ahum]]<ref name=ari>{{ cite book | title = Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, Volume 1 | author = A. K. Grayson | publisher = Otto Harrassowitz | year = 1972 }}</ref>{{rp|7–8}} was the thirty-second king of [[Assyria]], c. 1900 BCE ([[short chronology]].) The length of his reign is uncertain, as the ''Assyrian King List'' records him as one of the, "six kings whose names were written on bricks, but whose [[Limmu|eponyms]] are not known,"<ref name=glassner>{{ cite book | title = Mesopotamian Chronicles | author = Jean-Jacques Glassner | publisher = SBL | year = 2005 | pages = 137, 7, 271 }}</ref> referring to the [[Eponym dating system|lists of officials]] after which years were named. His son, [[Erishum I|Erišum]], is identified as the king who succeeded him and reigned for thirty years (or forty, depending on the copy of the Assyrian King List),<ref group=nb>Lines 27 to 28: [<sup>I</sup>E-r]i-šu dumu <sup>I</sup>ilu-šum-ma [šá li-ma-ni]-šu-ni 40 mu<sup>meš</sup> lugal<sup>ta</sup> dù<sup>uš</sup>.</ref> followed by Ilu-šūma's other son, [[Ikunum]]. He titled himself, "vice-regent of [[Aššur]], beloved of the god [[Ashur (god)|Aššur]] and the goddess [[Ishtar|Ištar]]." The ''Synchronistic King List''<ref group=i>''Synchronistic King List'' iv 17.</ref> records, "eighty-two kings of Assyria from Erišum I, son of Ilu-šūma, to [[Ashurbanipal|Aššurbanipal]], son of [[Esarhaddon|Aššur-ahu-iddin]]," in the concluding colophon. |
'''Ilu-šūma''', inscribed DINGIR''-šum-ma'',<ref group=i>Khorsabad copy of the ''Assyrian King List'' i 24, 26.</ref> son of [[Shalim-ahum|Šalim-ahum]]<ref name=ari>{{ cite book | title = Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, Volume 1 | author = A. K. Grayson | publisher = Otto Harrassowitz | year = 1972 }}</ref>{{rp|7–8}} was the thirty-second king of [[Assyria]], c. 1900 BCE ([[short chronology]].) The length of his reign is uncertain, as the ''Assyrian King List'' records him as one of the, "six kings whose names were written on bricks, but whose [[Limmu|eponyms]] are not known,"<ref name=glassner>{{ cite book | title = Mesopotamian Chronicles | author = Jean-Jacques Glassner | publisher = SBL | year = 2005 | pages = 137, 7, 271 }}</ref> referring to the [[Eponym dating system|lists of officials]] after which years were named. His son, [[Erishum I|Erišum]], is identified as the king who succeeded him and reigned for thirty years (or forty, depending on the copy of the Assyrian King List),<ref group=nb>Lines 27 to 28: [<sup>I</sup>E-r]i-šu dumu <sup>I</sup>ilu-šum-ma [šá li-ma-ni]-šu-ni 40 mu<sup>meš</sup> lugal<sup>ta</sup> dù<sup>uš</sup>.</ref> followed by Ilu-šūma's other son, [[Ikunum]]. He titled himself, "vice-regent of [[Aššur]], beloved of the god [[Ashur (god)|Aššur]] and the goddess [[Ishtar|Ištar]]." The ''Synchronistic King List''<ref group=i>''Synchronistic King List'' iv 17.</ref> records, "eighty-two kings of Assyria from Erišum I, son of Ilu-šūma, to [[Ashurbanipal|Aššurbanipal]], son of [[Esarhaddon|Aššur-ahu-iddin]]," in the concluding colophon. |
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Ilu-šūma's construction activities included building the old temple of Ištar, a city wall, subdivision of the city into house plots and diversion of the flow of two springs to the city gates, "Aushum," and, "Wertum."<ref name=ari/>{{rp|8}} [[Tukulti-Ninurta I|Tukultī-Ninurta I]] recorded that he preceded him by 720 years, on his own inscriptions commemorating his construction of an adjacent Ištar temple.<ref name=glassner/> From this it might be deduced that, despite later being among the, "kings whose year names are not known," the reign length of Ilu-šūma was still known in the time of Tukulti-Ninurta I to be 21 years.<ref>''Cambridge Ancient History: Assyria 2060-1816 BC'', 1966, p. 22.</ref> Larsen has suggested that he may have been a contemporary of [[Iddin-Dagan|Iddin Dagān]] and [[Ishme-Dagan|Išme-Dagān]] of [[Isin]], which would clash with the synchronization with Sumu-abum,<ref name=glassner/> but make more sense given the current chronology favored.{{clarify|date=May 2015}} |
Ilu-šūma's construction activities included building the old temple of Ištar, a city wall, subdivision of the city into house plots and diversion of the flow of two springs to the city gates, "Aushum," and, "Wertum."<ref name=ari/>{{rp|8}} [[Tukulti-Ninurta I|Tukultī-Ninurta I]] recorded that he preceded him by 720 years, on his own inscriptions commemorating his construction of an adjacent Ištar temple.<ref name=glassner/> From this it might be deduced that, despite later being among the, "kings whose year names are not known," the reign length of Ilu-šūma was still known in the time of Tukulti-Ninurta I to be 21 years.<ref>''Cambridge Ancient History: Assyria 2060-1816 BC'', 1966, p. 22.</ref> Larsen has suggested that he may have been a contemporary of [[Iddin-Dagan|Iddin Dagān]] and [[Ishme-Dagan|Išme-Dagān]] of [[Isin]], which would clash with the synchronization with Sumu-abum,<ref name=glassner/> but make more sense given the current chronology favored.{{clarify|date=May 2015}} |
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{{ |
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Succession box |
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|title = ''[[King of Assyria|Išši’ak Aššur]]'' |
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|before = [[Shalim-ahum|Šalim-ahum]] |
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|after = [[Erishum I|Erišum I]] |
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|years = c. 1830 BC |
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}} |
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==See Also== |
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{{Portal|Assyrians|Ancient Near East}} |
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* [[Timeline of the Assyrian Empire]] |
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* [[Early Period of Assyria]] |
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* [[List of Assyrian kings]] |
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* [[Assyrian continuity]] |
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* [[Assyrian people]] |
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* [[Assyria]] |
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==Inscriptions== |
==Inscriptions== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Succession box|title=[[King of Assyria|išši’ak Aššur]]|before=[[Shalim-ahum|Šalim-ahum]]|after=[[Erishum I|Erišum I]]|years= c. 1830 BC}}<!--year in table does not match year in article--> |
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{{Assyrian kings}} |
{{Assyrian kings}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ilu-Shuma}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ilu-Shuma}} |
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[[Category:History of Assyria]] |
[[Category:History of Assyria]] |
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[[Category:Assyrian kings]] |
[[Category:Assyrian kings]] |
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[[Category:19th-century BC rulers]] |
[[Category:19th-century BC rulers]] |
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{{ANE-bio-stub}} |
Revision as of 01:13, 15 June 2016
Ilu-šūma | |
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Išši’ak Aššur | |
Reign | fl. c. 1900 BC |
Predecessor | Šalim-ahum |
Successor | Erišum I |
Father | Šalim-ahum |
Ilu-šūma, inscribed DINGIR-šum-ma,[i 1] son of Šalim-ahum[1]: 7–8 was the thirty-second king of Assyria, c. 1900 BCE (short chronology.) The length of his reign is uncertain, as the Assyrian King List records him as one of the, "six kings whose names were written on bricks, but whose eponyms are not known,"[2] referring to the lists of officials after which years were named. His son, Erišum, is identified as the king who succeeded him and reigned for thirty years (or forty, depending on the copy of the Assyrian King List),[nb 1] followed by Ilu-šūma's other son, Ikunum. He titled himself, "vice-regent of Aššur, beloved of the god Aššur and the goddess Ištar." The Synchronistic King List[i 2] records, "eighty-two kings of Assyria from Erišum I, son of Ilu-šūma, to Aššurbanipal, son of Aššur-ahu-iddin," in the concluding colophon.
Biography
The Chronicle of Early Kings records his contemporary as Su-abu, who was once identified with the founder of the First Dynasty of Babylon, Sumu-abum, c. 1830 BCE.[i 3] The word, "battles,"[nb 2] is discernible on the subsequent, fragmentary line of the Chronicle and this has led some historians to believe Ilu-šūma may have engaged in conflict with his southerly neighbor. A brick inscription of Ilu-šūma describes his relations with the south and reads:
"The freedom[nb 3] of the Akkadians and their children I established. I purified their copper. I established their freedom from the border of the marshes and Ur and Nippur, Awal, and Kismar, Der of the god Ištaran, as far as Aššur."[1]: 7–8
The historian M. Trolle Larsen has suggested that this represented an attempt to lure traders from the south of Aššur with tax privileges and exemptions, to monopolize the exchange of copper from the gulf for tin from the east.[3] The cities cited therefore are the three major caravan routes the commodities would have traveled rather than campaign routes for the king.[4]
Ilu-šūma's construction activities included building the old temple of Ištar, a city wall, subdivision of the city into house plots and diversion of the flow of two springs to the city gates, "Aushum," and, "Wertum."[1]: 8 Tukultī-Ninurta I recorded that he preceded him by 720 years, on his own inscriptions commemorating his construction of an adjacent Ištar temple.[2] From this it might be deduced that, despite later being among the, "kings whose year names are not known," the reign length of Ilu-šūma was still known in the time of Tukulti-Ninurta I to be 21 years.[5] Larsen has suggested that he may have been a contemporary of Iddin Dagān and Išme-Dagān of Isin, which would clash with the synchronization with Sumu-abum,[2] but make more sense given the current chronology favored.[clarification needed]
See Also
Inscriptions
Notes
References
- ^ a b c A. K. Grayson (1972). Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, Volume 1. Otto Harrassowitz.
- ^ a b c Jean-Jacques Glassner (2005). Mesopotamian Chronicles. SBL. pp. 137, 7, 271.
- ^ M. Trolle Larsen (1976). The Old Assyrian City-State and its Colonies. Akademisk Forlag. p. 87.
- ^ Emélie Kuhrt (1998). "The Old Assyrian merchants". In Helen Parkins, Christopher Smith (ed.). Trade, traders, and the ancient city. Routledge. p. 20.
- ^ Cambridge Ancient History: Assyria 2060-1816 BC, 1966, p. 22.