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Very little data is available regarding the safety of hitchhiking.<ref name="dearth">{{cite web|last=Wechner|first=Bernd|title=A dearth of research: Does anyone really know anything about hitch-hiking?|url=http://web.archive.org/web/http://bernd.wechner.info/Hitchhiking/Suite101/Article/?71|accessdate=2 June 2013|date=1 March 2002|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/http://bernd.wechner.info/Hitchhiking/Suite101/Article/?71|archivedate=3 December 2008}}</ref> Compiling good safety data requires counting hitchhikers, counting rides, and counting problems: a difficult task.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wechner|first=Bernd|title=The Pros and Cons of Hitch-Hiking|url=http://bernd.wechner.info/Hitchhiking/Suite101/Article/?02|accessdate=2 June 2013|date=1 November 1996|quote=There are no statistics on hitch-hiking, at least none that are meaningful and reliable. Compiling useful statistics would require counting hitchers, the amount of rides they receive, and comparing them to the problems reported. Not an easy task.}}</ref> |
Very little data is available regarding the safety of hitchhiking.<ref name="dearth">{{cite web|last=Wechner|first=Bernd|title=A dearth of research: Does anyone really know anything about hitch-hiking?|url=http://web.archive.org/web/http://bernd.wechner.info/Hitchhiking/Suite101/Article/?71|accessdate=2 June 2013|date=1 March 2002|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/http://bernd.wechner.info/Hitchhiking/Suite101/Article/?71|archivedate=3 December 2008}}</ref> Compiling good safety data requires counting hitchhikers, counting rides, and counting problems: a difficult task.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wechner|first=Bernd|title=The Pros and Cons of Hitch-Hiking|url=http://bernd.wechner.info/Hitchhiking/Suite101/Article/?02|accessdate=2 June 2013|date=1 November 1996|quote=There are no statistics on hitch-hiking, at least none that are meaningful and reliable. Compiling useful statistics would require counting hitchers, the amount of rides they receive, and comparing them to the problems reported. Not an easy task.}}</ref> |
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Two studies on the topic include a 1974 California Highway Patrol study and a 1985 [[Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)|German federal police]] study.<ref name="dearth" /> The California study found that hitchhikers were not disproportionately likely to be victims of crime.<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeod|first=Jamie|title=The 'better' Better Way|url=http://theeyeopener.com/2007/01/the-better-better-way/|accessdate=3 May 2013|newspaper=The Eyeopener|date=10 January 2007|quote=The most recent hard evidence I could find about hitchhiking danger was a 1974 study conducted by the California Highway Patrol examining crimes committed by and on hitchhikers. It found that in 71.7 per cent of hitchhiker related crimes the hitchhiker was the victim. It also found that only 0.63 per cent of the crimes reported during the period of the study were hitchhiker-related, and that hitchhikers were not disproportionately victims of crime.}} '''Citing:''' {{cite news|title=California Crimes And Accidents Associated With Hitchhiking|url=http://bernd.wechner.info/Hitchhiking/CHP/body.html|publisher=California Highway Patrol, Operational Analysis Section|accessdate=3 May 2013|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/http://bernd.wechner.info/Hitchhiking/CHP/body.html|archivedate=17 June 2012|month=February|year=1974|quote=No independent information exists about hitchhikers who are not involved in crimes. Without such information, it is not possible to conclude whether or not hitchhikers are exposed to high danger. However, the results of this study do not show that hitchhikers are over-represented in crimes or accidents beyond their numbers.}}</ref> The German study concluded that the actual risk is much lower than the publicly perceived risk and the authors did not advise against hitch-hiking in general.<ref>{{cite book|title=Anhalterwesen und Anhaltergefahren: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des "Kurztrampens"|year=1989|publisher=Bundeskriminalamt Wiesbaden|location=Wiesbaden, Germany|author=Joachim Fiedler et al|oclc=21676123|language=German}} <!-- online version, requires flash: http://www.yumpu.com/de/document/view/489711/3-32-anhalterwesen-und-anhaltergefahren --></ref> They found that in some cases there were verbal disputes and inappropriate comments, but physical attacks were very rare.<ref>[http://www.zeit.de/1990/28/trampen-ohne-grosses-risiko Trampen ohne großes Risiko], [[Zeit Online]], 1990. Stating: In one of 10,000 rides, a woman is raped and in two of 1,000 rides, there is an attempted rape.</ref> A more recent |
Two studies on the topic include a 1974 California Highway Patrol study and a 1985 [[Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)|German federal police]] study.<ref name="dearth" /> The California study found that hitchhikers were not disproportionately likely to be victims of crime.<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeod|first=Jamie|title=The 'better' Better Way|url=http://theeyeopener.com/2007/01/the-better-better-way/|accessdate=3 May 2013|newspaper=The Eyeopener|date=10 January 2007|quote=The most recent hard evidence I could find about hitchhiking danger was a 1974 study conducted by the California Highway Patrol examining crimes committed by and on hitchhikers. It found that in 71.7 per cent of hitchhiker related crimes the hitchhiker was the victim. It also found that only 0.63 per cent of the crimes reported during the period of the study were hitchhiker-related, and that hitchhikers were not disproportionately victims of crime.}} '''Citing:''' {{cite news|title=California Crimes And Accidents Associated With Hitchhiking|url=http://bernd.wechner.info/Hitchhiking/CHP/body.html|publisher=California Highway Patrol, Operational Analysis Section|accessdate=3 May 2013|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/http://bernd.wechner.info/Hitchhiking/CHP/body.html|archivedate=17 June 2012|month=February|year=1974|quote=No independent information exists about hitchhikers who are not involved in crimes. Without such information, it is not possible to conclude whether or not hitchhikers are exposed to high danger. However, the results of this study do not show that hitchhikers are over-represented in crimes or accidents beyond their numbers.}}</ref> The German study concluded that the actual risk is much lower than the publicly perceived risk and the authors did not advise against hitch-hiking in general.<ref>{{cite book|title=Anhalterwesen und Anhaltergefahren: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des "Kurztrampens"|year=1989|publisher=Bundeskriminalamt Wiesbaden|location=Wiesbaden, Germany|author=Joachim Fiedler et al|oclc=21676123|language=German}} <!-- online version, requires flash: http://www.yumpu.com/de/document/view/489711/3-32-anhalterwesen-und-anhaltergefahren --></ref> They found that in some cases there were verbal disputes and inappropriate comments, but physical attacks were very rare.<ref>[http://www.zeit.de/1990/28/trampen-ohne-grosses-risiko Trampen ohne großes Risiko], [[Zeit Online]], 1990. Stating: In one of 10,000 rides, a woman is raped and in two of 1,000 rides, there is an attempted rape.</ref> A more recent German book finds that traffic accidents are the leading cause of death among hitchhikers.<ref name="golden">{{cite book|title=Anhalterwesen und Anhaltergefahren: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des "Kurztrampens"|year=1989|publisher=Bundeskriminalamt Wiesbaden|location=Wiesbaden, Germany|author=Joachim Fiedler et al|oclc=21676123|language=German}} ([http://www.worldcat.org/title/anhalterwesen-und-anhaltergefahren-unter-besonderer-berucksichtigung-des-kurztrampens/oclc/21676123 WorldCat])</ref> |
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==Around the world== |
==Around the world== |
Revision as of 18:34, 4 January 2014
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Walker_Evans_Hitchhidkers_Vicksburg_%28vicinity%29_March_1936.jpg/350px-Walker_Evans_Hitchhidkers_Vicksburg_%28vicinity%29_March_1936.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Elsa_amylin_kiwi_experience-2006-11-28.jpg/300px-Elsa_amylin_kiwi_experience-2006-11-28.jpg)
Hitchhiking (also known as thumbing or hitching) is a means of transportation that is gained by asking people, usually strangers, for a ride in their automobile or other road vehicle. The latter may require many rides from different people. A ride is usually, but not always, free. If the hitchhiker wishes to indicate that they need a ride, they may simply make a physical gesture or display a written sign. In North America and the United Kingdom, the gesture involves extending the hitchhiker's arm toward the road and sticking the thumb of their outstretched hand upward with the hand closed. In other parts of the world, it is more common to use a gesture where the index finger is pointed at the road.
Itinerants have also used hitchhiking as a primary mode of travel for the better part of the last century, and continue to do so today.[1][2]
Signaling method
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Hitchhiker%27s_gesture.jpg/225px-Hitchhiker%27s_gesture.jpg)
The hitchhikers' methods of signaling to drivers differ around the world. Many hitchhikers use various hand signals. For example, in the U.S. and UK, they point their thumb up. In some African countries, the hand is held still with the palm facing upwards.
Legal status
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/US_no_hitchhiking_signs.svg/225px-US_no_hitchhiking_signs.svg.png)
Hitchhiking is a historically common (self-policed) practice worldwide and hence there are very few places in the world where laws exist to restrict it. However, a minority of countries have laws that restrict hitchhiking at certain locations.[3] In the United States, for example, some local governments have laws outlawing hitchhiking, on the basis of drivers' and hitchhikers' safety. In 1946, New Jersey arrested and imprisoned a hitchhiker, leading to intervention by the American Civil Liberties Union.[4] In Canada, several highways have restrictions on hitchhiking, particularly in British Columbia and the 400-series highways in Ontario. In all countries in Europe it is legal to hitchhike, and in some places even encouraged. However, worldwide, even where hitchhiking is permitted, laws forbid hitchhiking where pedestrians are banned, such as the Autobahn (Germany), Autostrade (Italy), motorways (United Kingdom), or interstate highways (United States), although hitchhikers often obtain rides at entrances and truck stops.[5][6]
Decline
Graeme Chesters and David Smith discuss reasons for hitchhiking's decline in Britain, and possible means of reviving it in safer and more organised forms, in one of the few academic discussions of hitchhiking, "The Neglected Art of Hitch-hiking: Risk, Trust and Sustainability".[7]
In the recent years, hitchhikers themselves have started seeing effort to strengthen the hitchhiking community. One example is the annual Hitchgathering – an event organized by the hitchhikers, for the hitchhikers.
Safety
Very little data is available regarding the safety of hitchhiking.[8] Compiling good safety data requires counting hitchhikers, counting rides, and counting problems: a difficult task.[9]
Two studies on the topic include a 1974 California Highway Patrol study and a 1985 German federal police study.[8] The California study found that hitchhikers were not disproportionately likely to be victims of crime.[10] The German study concluded that the actual risk is much lower than the publicly perceived risk and the authors did not advise against hitch-hiking in general.[11] They found that in some cases there were verbal disputes and inappropriate comments, but physical attacks were very rare.[12] A more recent German book finds that traffic accidents are the leading cause of death among hitchhikers.[13]
Around the world
Cuba
In Cuba, picking up hitchhikers is mandatory by government vehicles, if passenger space is available. Hitchhiking is encouraged, as there are few cars, and designated hitchhiking spots are used. Waiting riders are picked up on a first come first go basis.[14]
Nepal
In Nepal, hitchhiking is very common in rural areas. Many do not own cars so hitchhiking is a common practice especially in and around villages.
Israel
In Israel, hitchhiking is commonplace at designated locations called trempiyadas (טרמפיאדה in Hebrew, derived from the German trampen). Travelers soliciting rides, called trempists, wait at trempiyadas, typically junctions of highways or main roads outside of a city.
Netherlands
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Hitchhiker_sign_amsterdam_amstel.jpg/167px-Hitchhiker_sign_amsterdam_amstel.jpg)
In the Netherlands, hitchhiking is legal and there are official signs where one may wait for a ride. These designated hitchhiking locations are called liftershalte or liftplaats in Dutch, and they are particularly common in university towns.[15][16]
Poland
Hitchhiking was legalised and formalised in Poland in 1957. Hitchhikers could buy booklets including coupons from travel agencies.[17] These coupons were given to drivers who took hitchhikers. By the end of each season drivers who collected the highest number of coupons could exchange them for prizes and others took part in a lottery. This so-called "Akcja Autostop" was popular till the end of the 1970s, but the sale of the booklet was discontinued in 1995.[18]
United Kingdom
Jailbreak
In the United Kingdom each year, hundreds of students take part in a sponsored hitch to Morocco or Prague in aid of Link Community Development; in 2007, 782 people hitched the 1,600 miles (2,600 km) to Morocco and raised almost £340,000 to improve the quality of education in Africa. Other UK students partake in "Jailbreak", a competition, usually during summer holidays/vacation, to see who can get farthest from their university without spending any money on travel (whether money can be spent on food/shelter is up to the participants to decide). Warwick University currently operates the largest Jailbreak event in the UK, with 336 students in 2010,.[19] In 2010, their winning team travelled to Bangkok in just 36 hours.[20] Cambridge RAG Jailbreaks have also produced many notable winners; in 2010, a pair got to Washington, D.C. in under 39 hours by playing magic tricks and solving any given Rubik's Cube in under 40 seconds.[21] As of 2013, the furthest any pair has reached is Sydney.[22]
United States
Hitchhiking became a common method of traveling during the Great Depression.
But warnings of the potential dangers of picking up hitchhikers were publicized to drivers, who were advised that some hitchhikers would rob the driver who picked them up, and in some cases murder them. Other warnings were publicized to the hitchhikers themselves, alerting them to the same types of crimes being carried out by drivers. Still, hitchhiking was part of the American psyche and many people continued to stick out their thumbs, even in states where the practice had been outlawed.[23]
In popular culture
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Claudette_Colbert_in_It_Happened_One_Night.jpg/300px-Claudette_Colbert_in_It_Happened_One_Night.jpg)
Film
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Literature
- 1939 – The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, opens with a hitched ride.
- 1957 – Jack Kerouac immortalized hitchhiking in his book, On the Road.
- 1971 – Ken Welsh's "how to" book on hitchhiking around Europe, titled Hitch-hiker's Guide to Europe, is rumored to have inspired the title of Douglas Adams' 1978 classic book.
- 1973 – Kurt Vonnegut's perpetual protagonist, Kilgore Trout, hitchhikes halfway across the country in Breakfast of Champions (also known as Goodbye Blue Monday).
- 1976 – Sissy Hankshaw, the protagonist of Even Cowgirls Get the Blues by Tom Robbins, becomes legendary as a hitchhiker in part because of her unusually large thumbs.
- 1977 – "The Hitch-Hiker", by Roald Dahl
- 1978 – In his cult classic The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (first broadcast on radio in 1978), Douglas Adams postulated on interstellar hitchhiking.
- 1984 – Science fiction author Robert A. Heinlein described interdimensional hitchhiking in his book Job: A Comedy of Justice.
- 1996 – Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer
- 2001 – Round Ireland with a Fridge by British comedian Tony Hawks: hitchhiking around Ireland with a refrigerator, as a result of a drunken bet.
- 2003 – Evasion by CrimethInc.
- 2003 – Off The Map by Hibikina Chickena and Kika Kat
- 2005 – No Such Thing As A Free Ride? is a comprehensive anthology of hitchhiking stories and viewpoints, serialized in The Times and named The Observer's Travel Book of the Week. Edited by Tom Sykes and Simon Sykes, it featured contributions from Mike Leigh, Sir Alan Parker, Sir Max Hastings, Tony Hawks and Eric Burdon, amongst others. In 2008, No Such Thing As A Free Ride? North American Edition was published by Goose Lane of Canada and featured JP Donleavy, Margaret Avison, Doug Stanhope, Jeff Lewis and Will Durst, amongst others.
- 2006 – Riding With Strangers: A Hitchhiker's Journey by Elijah Wald
- 2007 – The Hitcher by Chris Coekin: A photographic book, part fact part fiction based upon Coekin's adventures hitching around the UK with a camera.
- 2009 – Iranian Rappers & Persian Porn: A Hitchhiker's Adventures in the New Iran details some of British author Jamie Maslin's exploits on the road.
- 2009 – Le Monde en stop by Ludovic Hubler
- 2013 - The Last American Hitch-Hiker: Tales of Wander by Mark Dean Kneeskern.
Music
Television
- 1960 – "The Hitch-Hiker", an episode of The Twilight Zone
- 1981 – The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (TV Series)
- 1984 – Diff'rent Strokes, a two-part special episode, "The Hitchhikers"
- 1999 – SpongeBob SquarePants – "Pizza Delivery"
- 2000 – "The Hitch-hiker", an episode of the Tales of the Unexpected (TV series)
- 2003 – Cold Case (TV series) episode 1.10, "Hitchhiker", addresses similar murders of hitchikers in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey
- 2004 – The L Word, 'Losing it"
- 2006 – The Masters of Horror episode, "Pick Me Up"
- 2007 – Peking Express, a Dutch/Flemish reality game show that follows a series of couples as they hitchhike to or from Beijing (in seasons 1–3) and South America (in seasons 4 and 5).
Notable hitchhikers
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hitchhikers%2C_1939_crop.jpg/325px-Hitchhikers%2C_1939_crop.jpg)
- Joe Bennett, New Zealand newspaper columnist and author, hitchhiked around the world for 10 years.[24]
- André Brugiroux, France. Hitchhiked all around the world for 18 years, 1955 to 1973.
- Alan Carter. Last hitchhiker recorded in the Guinness Book of Records for the Land's End to John O'Groats to Land's End round-trip. (39 hours 28 minutes)
- Martin Clark and Graham Beynon. Last hitchhikers recorded in the Guinness Book of Records for the Land's End to John O'Groats trip. (17 hours 8 minutes)
- David Choe, painter, muralist, graffiti artist and graphic novelist
- W. H. Davies, a Welsh poet and tramp, who hitchhiked America during the early 20th century.
- Ludovic Hubler, is a French hitchhiker who toured the world entirely by hitchhiking from January 1, 2003 to January 1, 2008. He wrote a book called Le Monde en stop, which was awarded the best travel book of the year 2009 in France.
- Jack Kerouac hitchhiked in America and wrote many books about his experience.
- Suzanne MacNevin (feminist writer) spent several years hitchhiking in Canada and the United States during the late 1990s.[25]
- Chris McCandless, subject of the book, Into the Wild; hitchhiked throughout the western region of North America in the early 1990s.
- Jim Morrison of The Doors. He is also depicted hitchhiking in his movie HWY: An American Pastoral.
- Robert Prins. Last hitchhiker recorded in the Guinness Book of Records for the 24-hour hitchhiking record. (2,318.4 km)
- Stephan Schlei, from Ratingen in Germany. Hitchhiked more than 621,371 mi (1,000,000 km). The Guinness Book of Records, before all hitchhiking records were removed, used to say that he was the World's No.1 Hitchhiker.[26]
- Tim Shey – Hitchhiked the United States from 1996 to 2014. He also did some hitchhiking in the western United States in 1986–1987 and in Ireland, Northern Ireland, England and Wales in 1980-1981. Shey wrote two books: High Plains Drifter: A Hitchhiking Journey Across America (2008) and The First Time I Rode a Freight Train & Other Hitchhiking Stories (2012).[27]
- Devon Smith was listed in Guinness Book of World Records for most cumulative miles hitchhiked (1973 to 1985), over 290,988 mi (468,300 km). He also held the record for hitchhiking all 48 contiguous U.S. states in 33 days during 1957.[28]
- Andrzej Stasiuk – writer, journalist and literary critic[29]
- Juan Pablo Villarino, Argentinean hitchhiker who travels the world documenting hospitality. His book Vagabundeando en el eje del Mal (Vagabonding in the Axis of Evil – By thumb in Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan), was published in Spain, Argentina and Ecuador. He is the founder of Autostop Argentina, and regularly writes for National Geographic VIAJES. His Educational Nomadic Project was shortlisted among the 50 most influential educational related travel enterprise by Matador Network.
- Nedd Willard, writer, artist and journalist.
- Kenny Flannery – Hitchhiked hundreds or thousands of miles across the US and other parts of the world from 2007–2013. Has promoted the means of travel through stories and videos on his "Hobo Lifestyle" site and YouTube. [30]
Fictional characters
- Ford Prefect, a space-hitchhiking travel writer in The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy.
- Hitchhiker (character), a hitchhiking lunatic killer played by actor Edwin Neal in the original Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974).
- The Hitcher, a green cockney man who was featured in The Mighty Boosh.
See also
- Carpool
- Flexible carpooling – Hitchhiking formalized via designated meeting points
- Freighthopping
- Hitchgathering – the annual event of hitchhikers
- Hitchwiki – a wiki with information about how to hitchhike in dozens of countries
- Slugging – Hitchhiking motivated by HOV lanes in several urban areas
- Real-time ridesharing – Hitchhiking facilitated by a smartphone application
Notes and references
- ^ Hitch The World | ...indefinite vagabond travel
- ^ Velabas – Travel Narrative and Drawings from Hitchhiking Around the World
- ^ Nwanna, p.573
- ^ "So You Won't Talk, Huh?". Time. November 18, 1946. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
In her cell, Susan learned that it also (technically) forbids hitchhiking, and demands (by a law passed in 1799) that strangers be able to give a good account of themselves.... Attorney James A. Major of the American Civil Liberties Union demanded that she be given a new trial.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ Hitchhiking Basics
- ^ Hitchhiking
- ^ "'The Neglected Art of Hitch-hiking: Risk, Trust and Sustainability". Sociological Research Online. 6 (3). 2001.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ^ a b Wechner, Bernd (1 March 2002). "A dearth of research: Does anyone really know anything about hitch-hiking?". Retrieved 2 June 2013.
{{cite web}}
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is malformed: timestamp (help) - ^ Wechner, Bernd (1 November 1996). "The Pros and Cons of Hitch-Hiking". Retrieved 2 June 2013.
There are no statistics on hitch-hiking, at least none that are meaningful and reliable. Compiling useful statistics would require counting hitchers, the amount of rides they receive, and comparing them to the problems reported. Not an easy task.
- ^ McLeod, Jamie (10 January 2007). "The 'better' Better Way". The Eyeopener. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
The most recent hard evidence I could find about hitchhiking danger was a 1974 study conducted by the California Highway Patrol examining crimes committed by and on hitchhikers. It found that in 71.7 per cent of hitchhiker related crimes the hitchhiker was the victim. It also found that only 0.63 per cent of the crimes reported during the period of the study were hitchhiker-related, and that hitchhikers were not disproportionately victims of crime.
Citing: "California Crimes And Accidents Associated With Hitchhiking". California Highway Patrol, Operational Analysis Section. 1974. Retrieved 3 May 2013.No independent information exists about hitchhikers who are not involved in crimes. Without such information, it is not possible to conclude whether or not hitchhikers are exposed to high danger. However, the results of this study do not show that hitchhikers are over-represented in crimes or accidents beyond their numbers.
{{cite news}}
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ignored (help) - ^ Joachim Fiedler; et al. (1989). Anhalterwesen und Anhaltergefahren: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des "Kurztrampens" (in German). Wiesbaden, Germany: Bundeskriminalamt Wiesbaden. OCLC 21676123.
{{cite book}}
: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=
(help) - ^ Trampen ohne großes Risiko, Zeit Online, 1990. Stating: In one of 10,000 rides, a woman is raped and in two of 1,000 rides, there is an attempted rape.
- ^ Joachim Fiedler; et al. (1989). Anhalterwesen und Anhaltergefahren: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des "Kurztrampens" (in German). Wiesbaden, Germany: Bundeskriminalamt Wiesbaden. OCLC 21676123.
{{cite book}}
: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=
(help) (WorldCat) - ^ Cuba Hitchhiking Guide
- ^ Frank Verhart. Lifts (ad-hoc carpooling) in Netherlands. 2007.
- ^ The Liftershalte: Hitchhiking in the Netherlands.
- ^ booklets
- ^ Jakub Czupryński (red.), "Autostop polski. PRL i współczesność", Korporacja Ha!art, Kraków 2005. ISBN 83-89911-18-3
- ^ "Warwick Jailbreak 2010 Participants".
- ^ "Warwick Jailbreak 2010". Retrieved 7 October 2010.
- ^ Jailbreak winners get to Washington D.C. for free | Varsity Online. Varsity.co.uk (2010-02-02). Retrieved on 2013-08-15.
- ^ "Jailbreak 2013 Map".
- ^ Dooling, Michael C. (2010). Clueless in New England: The Unsolved Disappearances of Paula Welden, Connie Smith and Katherine Hull. The Carrollton Press.
- ^ Bennett, Joe (2000). "A thumb in the air". Fun Run and other Oxymoron's. Simon & Schuster UK Ltd.
{{cite book}}
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and|last=
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ignored (help) - ^ "Tales of a Female Hitchhiker", retrieved on May 31, 2007.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Road Subculture: Stephan Schlei". Retrieved 14 Oct 2011.
- ^ "About" on the Hitchhike America website
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Road Subculture: Devon Smith". Retrieved 14 Oct 2011.
- ^ Marek Radziwon – Rozmowa z Andrzejem Stasiukiem
- ^ "Hobo Lifestyle" stories of hitchhiking and life on the go.
Bibliography
- Nwanna, Dr. Gladson I. (2004). Americans Traveling Abroad: What You Should Know Before You Go, Frontier Publishers, Inc., ISBN 1-890605-10-7.
External links
The dictionary definition of hitchhike at Wiktionary
Tips for hitchhiking travel guide from Wikivoyage
Hitchhiking around the world travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Hitchhiking at Curlie