Muhammad Hassan di Tiro | |
---|---|
Allegiance | Free Aceh Movement (GAM |
Years of service | December 4, 1976 - December 27, 2005 |
Battles/wars | Insurgency in Aceh |
Muhammad Hassan di Tiro, born Free Aceh Movement (GAM), an organisation which has been seeking the independence of Aceh from Indonesia since its founding in December 4, 1976. He is also the grandson of Tengku Cik di Tiro, a Indonesian national hero who was killed fighting the Dutch in 1891.[1]
August 25, 1925 , is the founder of theBackground
Born into the family of Tiro a royal family related to the former sultans of the Indonesian region of Aceh.[2]
Insurgency in Aceh
In the 1970s Aceh was granted special status as a result of an earlier uprising under the leadership of Daud Beurueh.[citation needed] When President Suharto came to power he renounced this special status.[citation needed] As a result of the loss GAM was created under the leadership of Hasan di Tiro and on December 04, 1976 Hasan claimed Aceh independence, the Aceh uprising was born. GAM's devout Muslim ideas aggravated military leaders who had considerable distrust for political Islamists.[3]
During the course of the 30 year uprising the Indonesian government declared that Hasan had died three times.[4]
Exile
In 1977 during an Indonesian ambush on GAM forces two American engineers were killed.[5] He was shot in the leg, and fled toMalaysia.
Since 1980 he has lived in Stockholm, Sweden, and has Swedish citizenship.[1][6] After the tsunami of 2004 the GAM and the Indonesian government agreed to a peace treaty in which more autonomy for Aceh was accepted by di Tiro and his followers. In October 2008, after 30 years of exile, di Tiro returned to the Indonesian province of Aceh.[7][8]
When he returned to Aceh after 30 years of exile at 83 he was too frail even to deliver his own speech at his welcome rally. As such it is doubtful he will play a part in Aceh ongoing politcal process.[2]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Hasan Tiro visits Aceh's hero graves" (HTML). The Jakarta Post. Sun, 10/12/2008 11:16 AM. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
Sunday schedule was a visit to the grave of Tiro's ancestor Tengku Cik Di Tiro, a national hero
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(help) - ^ a b "What role for returning Aceh rebel?" (HTML). BBC News. 07:08 GMT, Sunday, 12 October 2008 08:08 UK. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
Hasan di Tiro has it all - nationalist credentials, a blood line to Aceh's old sultan and 30 years of exile that have kept him apart from the new party politics.
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(help) - ^ Angel Rabasa (Author), John B. Haseman (Author). The Military and Democracy in Indonesia: Challenges, Politics, and Power, Rand Corporation United States (September 2002 ed.). RAND Corporation. p. 157. ISBN 0833032194.
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has generic name (help) - ^ "HEAD OF STATE OF ACHEH-SUMATRA" (HTML). asnlf. 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
- ^ "Hasan di Tiro: Acehnese Terrorist" (HTML). www.library.ohiou.edu. Wed Dec 19 1990 - 14:17:00 EST. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
An American worker was reportedly killed and another one wounded by stray bullets in the fighting between our forces and the indonesian colonialist forces. This was the sort of thing that we have been trying to avoid for months
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(help) - ^ "Aceh's Gam separatists" (HTML). BBC News. Monday, 24 January, 2005, 14:46 GMT. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
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(help) - ^ "Exiled Aceh leader returns" (HTML). aljazeera. Saturday, October 11, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
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(help) - ^ "Aceh guerrilla leader flies home" (HTML). BBC News. 04:46 GMT, Saturday, 11 October 2008 05:46 UK. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
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