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{{Notability|date=November 2023}} |
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{{Short description|Practice of granting posthumous titles to deceased leaders of North Korea}} |
{{Short description|Practice of granting posthumous titles to deceased leaders of North Korea}} |
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{{Infobox Korean name |
{{Infobox Korean name |
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| title = Eternal Leaders of |
| title = Eternal Leaders of North Korea |
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| image = Mansudae Grand Monument 08.JPG |
| image = Mansudae Grand Monument 08.JPG |
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| image_size = |
| image_size = |
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| caption = |
| caption = Bronze statues of former leaders Kim Il Sung (left) and Kim Jong Il (right) at the [[Mansu Hill Grand Monument]] |
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| context = north |
| context = north |
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| hangul = 주체조선의 영원한 수령 |
| hangul = 주체조선의 영원한 수령 |
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}} |
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{{Politics of North Korea |Constitution |width=22.0em}} |
{{Politics of North Korea |Constitution |width=22.0em}} |
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The ''' |
The '''eternal leaders of North Korea''' are mentions of deceased [[List of leaders of North Korea|leaders]] of [[North Korea]]. The phrase was mentioned in a line of the [[Constitution of North Korea#Preamble|preamble to the Constitution]], as [[Constitutional amendment|amended]] on 30 June 2016, and in subsequent revisions. |
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It reads (in the original version): |
It reads (in the original version): |
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{{ |
{{Blockquote|Under the leadership of the Workers’ Party of Korea, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Korean people will uphold the great leader Comrade Kim Il Sung as the eternal President of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and Comrade Kim Jong Il as the eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea...|<ref>[[s:Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (2012)|Constitution of North Korea (2012)]] Wikisource</ref>}} |
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== History of the title == |
== History of the title == |
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===Presidency of North Korea before 1994=== |
===Presidency of North Korea before 1994=== |
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{{Main|President of North Korea}} |
{{Main|President of North Korea}} |
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The post of "President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea" was established in the [[Constitution of North Korea]] in 1972. Until then, [[Kim Il |
The post of "President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea" was established in the [[Constitution of North Korea]] in 1972. Until then, [[Kim Il Sung]] held the posts of [[Premier of North Korea|premier]] and [[General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea|general secretary]] of the [[Workers' Party of Korea]]. |
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In 1972, the presidency was established, and Kim Il |
In 1972, the presidency was established, and Kim Il Sung was elected to the position by the [[Supreme People's Assembly]], the North Korean [[legislature]], on [[1972 North Korean parliamentary election|28 December 1972]]. Kim served as president until 1994 when he died, and the position was left vacant and his son and successor [[Kim Jong Il]] was not given the title. |
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=== "Eternal President" === |
=== "Eternal President" === |
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The revised constitution in 1998 abolished the presidency and declared Kim Il-sung "eternal President". |
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The preamble of the Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea as amended on 5 September 1998 reads: |
The preamble of the Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea as amended on 5 September 1998 reads: |
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{{ |
{{Blockquote|Under the leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Korean people will hold the great leader Comrade Kim Il-sung in high esteem as the eternal President of the Republic{{nbsp}}...<ref>[[s:Constitution of North Korea (1972, rev. 1998)|Constitution of North Korea (1972)]] Wikisource</ref>}} |
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The president was the ''[[de jure]]'' [[head of state]] of North Korea, but whose powers were exercised by the [[Juche#Presence of a sacred leader|"sacred leader"]] of the nation's [[Ideology|state ideology]] called ''[[Juche]]''. According to Ashley J. Tellis and Michael Wills, this amendment to the preamble was an indication of the unique North Korean characteristic of being a [[Theocracy|theocratic state]] based on the [[North Korean cult of personality#Kim Il |
The president was the ''[[de jure]]'' [[head of state]] of North Korea, but whose powers were exercised by the [[Juche#Presence of a sacred leader|"sacred leader"]] of the nation's [[Ideology|state ideology]] called ''[[Juche]]''. According to Ashley J. Tellis and Michael Wills, this amendment to the preamble was an indication of the unique North Korean characteristic of being a [[Theocracy|theocratic state]] based on the [[North Korean cult of personality#Kim Il Sung|personality cult surrounding Kim Il Sung]]. In addition, North Korea adopted a [[North Korean calendar|Juche calendar]] dating from 1912, the year of Kim Il Sung's birth.<ref name="TellisWills2007">{{cite book|author1=Ashley J. Tellis|author2=Michael Wills|title=Domestic Political Change and Grand Strategy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oNvb4RBmZQUC&pg=PA128|access-date=9 July 2012|date=30 September 2007|publisher=NBR|isbn=978-0-9713938-8-2|page=128}}</ref> |
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The 2012 Constitution once again referred to Kim Il |
The 2012 Constitution once again referred to Kim Il Sung as the "eternal President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea".<ref>{{cite act |title=Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |date=2012 |article=Preamble }}</ref> |
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=== "Eternal General Secretary" / "Eternal Chairman" === |
=== "Eternal General Secretary" / "Eternal Chairman" === |
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{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2023}} |
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⚫ | After the [[death of Kim Jong |
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⚫ | |||
In 2016, the title "eternal leaders of Juche Korea" was introduced by amending the preamble of the constitution, which was given to [[Kim Il |
In 2016, the title "eternal leaders of Juche Korea" was introduced by amending the preamble of the constitution, which was given to [[Kim Il Sung]] and [[Kim Jong Il]]. |
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== Head of state role in North Korea after the |
== Head of state role in North Korea after the deaths of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il == |
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The functions and powers previously belonging to the president were divided between numerous officials: the [[premier of North Korea]]; the [[chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly]], [[chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly]]; and the head of the military, the [[National Defence Commission of North Korea|chairman of the National Defence Commission]] (replaced by [[State Affairs Commission of North Korea]] in 2016) and [[supreme commander of the Korean People's Army]]. These positions are currently held by [[Kim Tok |
The functions and powers previously belonging to the president were divided between numerous officials: the [[premier of North Korea]]; the [[chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly]], [[chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly]]; and the head of the military, the [[National Defence Commission of North Korea|chairman of the National Defence Commission]] (replaced by [[State Affairs Commission of North Korea]] in 2016) and [[supreme commander of the Korean People's Army]]. These positions are currently held by [[Kim Tok Hun]], [[Choe Ryong-hae]], and [[Kim Jong Un]] respectively.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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{{portal|North Korea|Politics}} |
{{portal|North Korea|Politics}} |
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*[[Death and state funeral of Kim Il |
*[[Death and state funeral of Kim Il Sung]] |
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*[[Death and state funeral of Kim Jong |
*[[Death and state funeral of Kim Jong Il]] |
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*[[Absolute monarchy]] |
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*[[Imperial cult]] |
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*[[Kim dynasty (North Korea)]] |
*[[Kim dynasty (North Korea)]] |
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*[[Kim Il |
*[[Kim Il Sung bibliography]] |
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*[[List of things named after Kim Il |
*[[List of things named after Kim Il Sung]] |
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*[[North Korean cult of personality]] |
*[[North Korean cult of personality]] |
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*[[Political religion]] |
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*[[President for Life]] |
*[[President for Life]] |
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*[[Propaganda in North Korea]] |
*[[Propaganda in North Korea]] |
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*[[Sacred king]] |
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*[[Vice President of North Korea]] |
*[[Vice President of North Korea]] |
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[[Category:1998 in North Korea]] |
[[Category:1998 in North Korea]] |
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[[Category:Government of North Korea]] |
[[Category:Government of North Korea]] |
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[[Category:Kim Il |
[[Category:Kim Il Sung]] |
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[[Category:Kim Jong |
[[Category:Kim Jong Il]] |
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[[Category:Posthumous |
[[Category:Posthumous awards]] |
Latest revision as of 07:47, 19 March 2024
Eternal Leaders of North Korea | |
Korean name | |
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Chosŏn'gŭl | 주체조선의 영원한 수령 |
Hancha | 主體朝鮮의 永遠한 首領 |
Revised Romanization | Juchejoseonui Yeongwonhan Suryeong |
McCune–Reischauer | Chuch'ejosŏnŭi Yŏngwŏnhan Suryŏng |
North Korea portal |
The eternal leaders of North Korea are mentions of deceased leaders of North Korea. The phrase was mentioned in a line of the preamble to the Constitution, as amended on 30 June 2016, and in subsequent revisions.
It reads (in the original version):
Under the leadership of the Workers’ Party of Korea, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Korean people will uphold the great leader Comrade Kim Il Sung as the eternal President of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and Comrade Kim Jong Il as the eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea...
— [1]
History of the title
Presidency of North Korea before 1994
The post of "President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea" was established in the Constitution of North Korea in 1972. Until then, Kim Il Sung held the posts of premier and general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea.
In 1972, the presidency was established, and Kim Il Sung was elected to the position by the Supreme People's Assembly, the North Korean legislature, on 28 December 1972. Kim served as president until 1994 when he died, and the position was left vacant and his son and successor Kim Jong Il was not given the title.
"Eternal President"
The preamble of the Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea as amended on 5 September 1998 reads:
Under the leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Korean people will hold the great leader Comrade Kim Il-sung in high esteem as the eternal President of the Republic ...[2]
The president was the de jure head of state of North Korea, but whose powers were exercised by the "sacred leader" of the nation's state ideology called Juche. According to Ashley J. Tellis and Michael Wills, this amendment to the preamble was an indication of the unique North Korean characteristic of being a theocratic state based on the personality cult surrounding Kim Il Sung. In addition, North Korea adopted a Juche calendar dating from 1912, the year of Kim Il Sung's birth.[3]
The 2012 Constitution once again referred to Kim Il Sung as the "eternal President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea".[4]
"Eternal General Secretary" / "Eternal Chairman"
After the death of Kim Jong Il, the constitution was amended in 2012, declaring him Eternal General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea and Eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission.
In 2016, the title "eternal leaders of Juche Korea" was introduced by amending the preamble of the constitution, which was given to Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il.
Head of state role in North Korea after the deaths of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il
The functions and powers previously belonging to the president were divided between numerous officials: the premier of North Korea; the chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly, chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly; and the head of the military, the chairman of the National Defence Commission (replaced by State Affairs Commission of North Korea in 2016) and supreme commander of the Korean People's Army. These positions are currently held by Kim Tok Hun, Choe Ryong-hae, and Kim Jong Un respectively.[citation needed]
See also
- Death and state funeral of Kim Il Sung
- Death and state funeral of Kim Jong Il
- Kim dynasty (North Korea)
- Kim Il Sung bibliography
- List of things named after Kim Il Sung
- North Korean cult of personality
- President for Life
- Propaganda in North Korea
- Vice President of North Korea
References
- ^ Constitution of North Korea (2012) Wikisource
- ^ Constitution of North Korea (1972) Wikisource
- ^ Ashley J. Tellis; Michael Wills (30 September 2007). Domestic Political Change and Grand Strategy. NBR. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-9713938-8-2. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
- ^ Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Preamble). 2012.
Bibliography
- Kim Jong-il (1994). Let Us Hold the Great Leader Comrade Kim Il Sung in High Esteem as the Eternal President of Our Republic.