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'''Canada Park''' ({{lang-he|פארק קנדה}}, [[Arabic language|Arabic]]:كندا حديقة) (also '''[[Ayalon]] Park''')<ref name=jpost1>[http://www.jpost.com/GreenIsrael/PEOPLEANDTHEENVIRONMENT/Article.aspx?id=241058 Remembering the Americans and Canadians who Fell]</ref> is a [[national park]] stretching over 7,000 [[dunam]]s and maintained by the [[Jewish National Fund]] of [[Canada]].<ref name=jpost3>[http://www.jpost.com/GreenIsrael/PEOPLEANDTHEENVIRONMENT/Article.aspx?id=117946 First autumn crocus blooms in Canada Park]</ref> |
'''Canada Park''' ({{lang-he|פארק קנדה}}, [[Arabic language|Arabic]]:كندا حديقة) (also '''[[Ayalon]] Park''')<ref name=jpost1>[http://www.jpost.com/GreenIsrael/PEOPLEANDTHEENVIRONMENT/Article.aspx?id=241058 Remembering the Americans and Canadians who Fell]</ref> is a [[national park]] stretching over 7,000 [[dunam]]s and maintained by the [[Jewish National Fund]] of [[Canada]].<ref name=jpost3>[http://www.jpost.com/GreenIsrael/PEOPLEANDTHEENVIRONMENT/Article.aspx?id=117946 First autumn crocus blooms in Canada Park]</ref> |
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The park is North of [[Highway 1 (Israel)|Highway 1]] ([[Tel Aviv]] - [[Jerusalem]]), between the [[Latrun Interchange]] and [[Sha'ar HaGai]], and contains a [[Hasmonean]] fort, [[Crusader]] fort, and other archaeological remains, picnic areas, [[spring (water)|springs]] and panoramic hilltop views.<ref name=jpost1/><ref>[http://www.kkl.org.il/eng/tourism-and-recreation/forests-and-parks/ayalon-canada-park.aspx Official description of the Park's attractions]</ref> The park attracts some 300,000 visitors annually.<ref>[http://www.cjnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13705& Canada Park – an Israeli haven for picnickers, hikers, cyclists]</ref> The park is located on land that Israel claims to have [[annex]]ed |
The park is North of [[Highway 1 (Israel)|Highway 1]] ([[Tel Aviv]] - [[Jerusalem]]), between the [[Latrun Interchange]] and [[Sha'ar HaGai]], and contains a [[Hasmonean]] fort, [[Crusader]] fort, and other archaeological remains, picnic areas, [[spring (water)|springs]] and panoramic hilltop views.<ref name=jpost1/><ref>[http://www.kkl.org.il/eng/tourism-and-recreation/forests-and-parks/ayalon-canada-park.aspx Official description of the Park's attractions]</ref> The park attracts some 300,000 visitors annually.<ref>[http://www.cjnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13705& Canada Park – an Israeli haven for picnickers, hikers, cyclists]</ref> The park is partly located on land that Israel claims to have [[annex]]ed.<ref name=jpost2>{{cite news|last=Keinon|first=H|title=Palestinians campaign to regain 'occupied' Latrun|url=http://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Palestinians-launch-campaign-to-regain-occupied-Latrun-315782|newspaper=Jerusalem Post|quote=Israel annexed the Latrun salient, through which part of the [[Highway 1 (Israel)|main Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway]] runs, soon after the Six Day War...}}</ref>{{Disputed-inline|Did Israel annex it?|date=April 2014}} |
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==Establishment== |
==Establishment== |
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== Canadian funding == |
== Canadian funding == |
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In 1972, Bernard Bloomfield of [[Montreal]], then President of JNF Canada, spearheaded a campaign among the Canadian Jewish community to raise $15 million for the park's establishment. The road leading to the park is named for [[John Diefenbaker]], the former Canadian Prime Minister, who opened it in 1975. The project was completed in 1984.<ref name=1000p133>Columbo, 2001, [http://books.google.com/books?id=PG-L2GRDz2kC&pg=PA132&dq=%22canada+park%22+%22israel%22&lr=&ei=3szhSueMH5PyNM-h6a4K#v=onepage&q=%22canada%20park%22%20%22israel%22&f=false p. 133]</ref> JNF Canada continues to fund the upkeep of the park through donations received for this purpose. |
In 1972, Bernard Bloomfield of [[Montreal]], then President of JNF Canada, spearheaded a campaign among the Canadian Jewish community to raise $15 million for the park's establishment. The road leading to the park is named for [[John Diefenbaker]], the former Canadian Prime Minister, who opened it in 1975. The project was completed in 1984.<ref name=1000p133>Columbo, 2001, [http://books.google.com/books?id=PG-L2GRDz2kC&pg=PA132&dq=%22canada+park%22+%22israel%22&lr=&ei=3szhSueMH5PyNM-h6a4K#v=onepage&q=%22canada%20park%22%20%22israel%22&f=false p. 133]</ref> JNF Canada continues to fund the upkeep of the park through donations received for this purpose. |
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==Residents' request to return== |
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In 1976, Palestinian residents of 'Imwas, Yalo and Beit Nouba wrote to Israeli Prime Minister [[Yitzhak Rabin]] asking for what they described as their "legitimate humanitarian right to return to the villages from which we were driven and expelled" in order to rebuild their houses without requesting compensation from Israel. They did not receive a reply. In 2007, the Israeli NGO [[Zochrot]] wrote to Israel's minister of defense, [[Ehud Barak]], on behalf of the residents to ask why they could not return to their homes. In 2008, the minister's office informed them that "The return of the village inhabitants [was] not allowed for security considerations."<ref name=rr181>{{cite book|title=Rites of Return|date=2011|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0231150903|pages=181-182|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=105g_a6Ulq4C&pg=PA181|author=Amira Hess|editor=Marianne Hirsch, Nancy K. Miller|chapter=11. Between Two Returns}}</ref> |
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==Features== |
==Features== |
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[[File:Emmaus Nicopolis basilica.JPG|thumb|200px|Ruins of Byzantine church, Canada Park]] |
[[File:Emmaus Nicopolis basilica.JPG|thumb|200px|Ruins of Byzantine church, Canada Park]] |
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Canada Park covers an area of 7,000 dunams. |
Canada Park covers an area of 7,000 dunams. It is filled with wooded areas, walking trails, water features and archaeological sites. Trees in the park include [[olive]], [[carob]], [[pomegranate]], [[pine]] and [[almond]]. The area is also home to a range of wildlife from [[lizard]]s and [[turtle]]s to gray [[raven]]s and blue [[jay]]s.<ref>{{Cite document | last =Coussin |
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| first =Orna | title =Splendor on the grass | publication-place =Israel | publisher =[[Haaretz]] | url =http://web.archive.org/web/20081015103614/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=%20420153&contrassID=2&subContrassID=1&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y | accessdate =2008-07-19 | postscript =<!--None-->}}</ref> Historical ruins on the grounds of the park include a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[Public bathing|bathhouse]], a [[Hasmonean]] [[cemetery]], and a Crusader [[fortress]] (''Castellum Arnaldi'').<ref name=Winterp519>Winter, 2000, p. 591.</ref> Two [[Second Temple]]-era [[mikveh|ritual baths]] were also discovered there. <ref>[http://www.cjnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13705& Canada Park – an Israeli haven for picnickers, hikers, cyclists]</ref> At the foot of one of the hills that overlooks the city of [[Modi'in]] is a large reservoir built by the Jewish National Fund for irrigating local fields.<ref name=jpost3/> |
| first =Orna | title =Splendor on the grass | publication-place =Israel | publisher =[[Haaretz]] | url =http://web.archive.org/web/20081015103614/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=%20420153&contrassID=2&subContrassID=1&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y | accessdate =2008-07-19 | postscript =<!--None-->}}</ref> Historical ruins on the grounds of the park include a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[Public bathing|bathhouse]], a [[Hasmonean]] [[cemetery]], and a Crusader [[fortress]] (''Castellum Arnaldi'').<ref name=Winterp519>Winter, 2000, p. 591.</ref> Two [[Second Temple]]-era [[mikveh|ritual baths]] were also discovered there. <ref>[http://www.cjnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13705& Canada Park – an Israeli haven for picnickers, hikers, cyclists]</ref> At the foot of one of the hills that overlooks the city of [[Modi'in]] is a large reservoir built by the Jewish National Fund for irrigating local fields.<ref name=jpost3/> |
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*[[Ayalon]] |
*[[Ayalon]] |
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*[[Emmaus Nicopolis]] |
*[[Emmaus Nicopolis]] |
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*[[Latrun]] |
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*[[Yalo]] |
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*[[List of national parks and nature reserves of Israel]] |
*[[List of national parks and nature reserves of Israel]] |
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==Exterior links== |
==Exterior links== |
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[http://www.kkl.org.il/eng/tourism-and-recreation/forests-and-parks/ayalon-canada-park.aspx Official website] |
[http://www.kkl.org.il/eng/tourism-and-recreation/forests-and-parks/ayalon-canada-park.aspx Official website] |
Revision as of 18:32, 20 April 2014
Canada Park (Hebrew: פארק קנדה, Arabic:كندا حديقة) (also Ayalon Park)[1] is a national park stretching over 7,000 dunams and maintained by the Jewish National Fund of Canada.[2]
The park is North of Highway 1 (Tel Aviv - Jerusalem), between the Latrun Interchange and Sha'ar HaGai, and contains a Hasmonean fort, Crusader fort, and other archaeological remains, picnic areas, springs and panoramic hilltop views.[1][3] The park attracts some 300,000 visitors annually.[4] The park is partly located on land that Israel claims to have annexed.[5][disputed – discuss]
Establishment
Canada Park is located on strategic high ground which has been the site of many battles and forts during the ancient and medieval eras, as well as a Tegart fort that was held by Jordan's Arab Legion during and after the First Arab-Israeli War, from which the Arab Legion blockaded Jerusalem as Israeli forces assaulted the hilltop five times without success in 1948, but which fell in one hour during the Six Day War.[6][7]
After the capture, Israel annexed the Latrun salient.[5] The 4 Arab villages there were razed on the orders of Israeli general Yitzhak Rabin and 7,000–10,000 inhabitants were expelled.[8][9][10] Canada Park was established on the lands of two of these Arab villages: Imwas and Yalo.[11] The inhabitants were offered compensation but not allowed to return.[10] Imwas, Yalo and Bayt Nuba were demolished as part of strategic plans to widen the Jerusalem Corridor.[12] Dayr Ayyub, also on the grounds of the park, had been partly destroyed during the fighting in 1948 and never rebuilt.[13] The settlement of Mevo Horon was built on the lands of Bayt Nuba in 1970.[14]
Canadian funding
In 1972, Bernard Bloomfield of Montreal, then President of JNF Canada, spearheaded a campaign among the Canadian Jewish community to raise $15 million for the park's establishment. The road leading to the park is named for John Diefenbaker, the former Canadian Prime Minister, who opened it in 1975. The project was completed in 1984.[15] JNF Canada continues to fund the upkeep of the park through donations received for this purpose.
Residents' request to return
In 1976, Palestinian residents of 'Imwas, Yalo and Beit Nouba wrote to Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin asking for what they described as their "legitimate humanitarian right to return to the villages from which we were driven and expelled" in order to rebuild their houses without requesting compensation from Israel. They did not receive a reply. In 2007, the Israeli NGO Zochrot wrote to Israel's minister of defense, Ehud Barak, on behalf of the residents to ask why they could not return to their homes. In 2008, the minister's office informed them that "The return of the village inhabitants [was] not allowed for security considerations."[16]
Features
Canada Park covers an area of 7,000 dunams. It is filled with wooded areas, walking trails, water features and archaeological sites. Trees in the park include olive, carob, pomegranate, pine and almond. The area is also home to a range of wildlife from lizards and turtles to gray ravens and blue jays.[17] Historical ruins on the grounds of the park include a Roman bathhouse, a Hasmonean cemetery, and a Crusader fortress (Castellum Arnaldi).[18] Two Second Temple-era ritual baths were also discovered there. [19] At the foot of one of the hills that overlooks the city of Modi'in is a large reservoir built by the Jewish National Fund for irrigating local fields.[2]
In the middle of the park is a forest planted to commemorate over 300 American and Canadian Jews who died in Israel's wars or were victims of terror. An annual memorial ceremony is organized by the Association of Americans and Canadians in Israel (AACI). In 2001, the ceremony was attended by the US Ambassador to Israel Daniel Shapiro.[1]
See also
Exterior links
References
- ^ a b c Remembering the Americans and Canadians who Fell
- ^ a b First autumn crocus blooms in Canada Park
- ^ Official description of the Park's attractions
- ^ Canada Park – an Israeli haven for picnickers, hikers, cyclists
- ^ a b Keinon, H. "Palestinians campaign to regain 'occupied' Latrun". Jerusalem Post.
Israel annexed the Latrun salient, through which part of the main Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway runs, soon after the Six Day War...
- ^ Aaron Hecht, Latrun - The Battle for Latrun, Jerusalem Post, 8 September 2009.
- ^ UN Doc A/648 of 16 September 1948 Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator on Palestine Submitted to the Secretary-General for Transmission to the Members of the United Nations.
- ^ Al-Haq Legal Brief
- ^ Segev, Tom (2007). 1967: Israel, the War and the Year That Transformed the Middle East, Metropolitan Books, pp. 307-410.
- ^ a b Oren, 2002, p. 307.
- ^ Al-Haq Legal Brief
- ^ Right of Remembrance, Haaretz
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, village #337.
- ^ Al-Haq Legal Brief
- ^ Columbo, 2001, p. 133
- ^ Amira Hess (2011). "11. Between Two Returns". In Marianne Hirsch, Nancy K. Miller (ed.). Rites of Return. Columbia University Press. pp. 181–182. ISBN 978-0231150903.
- ^ Coussin, Orna. "Splendor on the grass" (Document). Haaretz.
{{cite document}}
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ignored (help); Unknown parameter|publication-place=
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ignored (help) - ^ Winter, 2000, p. 591.
- ^ Canada Park – an Israeli haven for picnickers, hikers, cyclists
Bibliography
- Benvenisti, Meron (2002). Sacred Landscape. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23422-2.
- Brynen, Rex; El-Rifai, Roula (2007). Palestinian Refugees Challenges of Repatriation and Development: challenges of repatriation and development. Canada: International Development Research Centre. ISBN 1-55250-231-7.
- Colombo, John Robert (2001). 1000 questions about Canada: places, people, things, and ideas : a question-and-answer book on Canadian facts and culture. Dundurn Press Ltd. ISBN 978-0-88882-232-1.
- David Newman, Clive Schofield (1995). Boundaries in Flux: The 'Green Line' Boundary Between Israel and the West Bank - Past, Present and Future. IBRU. ISBN 978-1-897643-25-9.
- Swedenburg, Ted (2003). Memories of revolt: the 1936-1939 rebellion and the Palestinian national past. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 978-1-55728-763-2.
- Winter, Dave (2000). Israel Handbook: With the Palestinian Authority Areas. Canada: Footprint Handbooks. ISBN 1-900949-48-2.