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===''Tabule magne''=== |
===''Tabule magne''=== |
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John of Lignères<ref>{{cite book |last1=Husson |title="Computing with Manuscripts: Time between Mean and True Syzygies in John of Lignères' Tabule magne",Editing and Analysing Numerical Tables: Towards a Digital Information System for the History of Astral Sciences |date=2021 |publisher=Brepols publishers |pages=425–468}}</ref> was one of the key figures in the history of the Alfonsine astronomy, more precisely of its Parisian period. His work ''Tabule magne''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Poulle |title=Astronomie planétaire au Moyen ge latin |date=1996 |issue=1 |pages=297–298 |journal=Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes |volume=157 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/bec_0373-6237_1999_num_157_1_450971_t1_0297_0000_001}}</ref>, consisting of tables accompanied by canons, was composed between 1320 and 1325. Later John of Lignères has integrated ''Tabule magne'' into a larger collection of his works, alongside with the treatises on ''Saphea'' and on ''Equatorium''. In the XIV and XV centuries the text |
John of Lignères<ref>{{cite book |last1=Husson |title="Computing with Manuscripts: Time between Mean and True Syzygies in John of Lignères' Tabule magne",Editing and Analysing Numerical Tables: Towards a Digital Information System for the History of Astral Sciences |date=2021 |publisher=Brepols publishers |pages=425–468}}</ref> was one of the key figures in the history of the Alfonsine astronomy, more precisely of its Parisian period. His work ''Tabule magne''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Poulle |title=Astronomie planétaire au Moyen ge latin |date=1996 |issue=1 |pages=297–298 |journal=Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes |volume=157 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/bec_0373-6237_1999_num_157_1_450971_t1_0297_0000_001}}</ref>, consisting of tables accompanied by canons, was composed between 1320 and 1325. Later John of Lignères has integrated ''Tabule magne'' into a larger collection of his works, alongside with the treatises on ''Saphea'' and on ''Equatorium''. In the XIV and XV centuries the text had been circulating around Europe, but most important is its transmission to England, alongside with the other alfonsine material<ref name="M" />. The canons to the ''Tabule magne'' have been most likely composed by John of Lignères by combining different types of sources; some of the parts seem to be using original and alternative approaches to certain computations (such as for planetary equations, moon, true syzygies), while the others seem to follow a more traditional approach<ref name="M" />. |
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In '''Mel. Col. 60''' the canon to John of Lignères' ''Tabule magne'' begins on folio 34r (''Incipiunt canones super magnum almanach, a magistro Johanne de Liveriis, Picardi, Ambianensis diocesis, compositum supra meridianum Parisiensem''). |
In '''Mel. Col. 60''' the canon to John of Lignères' ''Tabule magne'' begins on folio 34r (''Incipiunt canones super magnum almanach, a magistro Johanne de Liveriis, Picardi, Ambianensis diocesis, compositum supra meridianum Parisiensem''). |
Revision as of 14:30, 20 April 2024
Mélanges de Colbert 60 | |
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Type | multiple-text manuscript |
Date | Late XV century |
Place of origin | England/Northern France |
Language(s) | Latin |
Material | Parchment and paper |
Size | 400 × 300 mm |
Format | 182 folios |
Mélanges de Colbert 60 (Mel. Col. 60) is a medieval astronomical multiple-text manuscript preserved in the funds of Bibliothèque nationale de France[1]. This manuscript was compiled, approximately, at the end of the XV century, using different codicological units originating from the XIV and XV century.
The main interest in the Mel. Col. 60 in the history of astronomy, are the different versions of the Oxford tables[2] and John of Lignères' Tabule magne[3], which underlines the circulation of these famous alfonsine texts[4] between continental Europe and the British Isles starting in the XIV century. Another peculiarity of this manuscript is that the canons and tables of the Tabule magne are conserved within the same codex, which is unusual for the transmission of this work[5].
History, codicology, palaeography
Little is known about the composition and provenance of Mel. Col. 60. It was composed around the end of the XV century. However, the codex consists of several quires, some of which might be from the XIV century, while the others are from the XV century. The manuscript is made partly of parchment, and partly of paper, which makes it easier for scholars[6] to distinguish the quires of different provenance.
The identity of the compilator of Mel. Col. 60 remains unknown. There are at least two scribal hands that can be observed throughout the manuscript. For instance, the handwriting that copied John of Lignères' canon (starting on folio 34r) is different from one found on folios 42v or 43r, or from the one that has copied John of Mur's[7] canon on folio 175r.
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Mel. Col. 60, page 34r
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Mélanges de Colbert 60
Content
Mel. Col. 60 is a type of astronomical manuscripts oriented towards practical use and containing various tables and canons that can assist in astronomical computations. The practical aim of Mel. Col. 60 is underlined by the high number of arithmetical tables, which show the compilator's interest in decimal numbers in particular.[8]
The historical interest of the manuscript pertaining to alfonsine astronomy are different Oxford tables and John of Lignères' Tabule magne. However, Mel. Col. 60 contains other works[6], such as tables for mean motions of the luminaries and the planets (fol. 165r) or tables for conjunctions and oppositions from the year 1299 to 1525 (fol. 175r).
There are canons to the Tabulae permanentes[9] by Firmin de Beauval and John of Murs[10] (another key figure in the Parisian Alfonsine tradition) that can be found on folio 175r.
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folio 165r
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folio 20r
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folio 40v
Tabule magne
John of Lignères[11] was one of the key figures in the history of the Alfonsine astronomy, more precisely of its Parisian period. His work Tabule magne[12], consisting of tables accompanied by canons, was composed between 1320 and 1325. Later John of Lignères has integrated Tabule magne into a larger collection of his works, alongside with the treatises on Saphea and on Equatorium. In the XIV and XV centuries the text had been circulating around Europe, but most important is its transmission to England, alongside with the other alfonsine material[5]. The canons to the Tabule magne have been most likely composed by John of Lignères by combining different types of sources; some of the parts seem to be using original and alternative approaches to certain computations (such as for planetary equations, moon, true syzygies), while the others seem to follow a more traditional approach[5].
In Mel. Col. 60 the canon to John of Lignères' Tabule magne begins on folio 34r (Incipiunt canones super magnum almanach, a magistro Johanne de Liveriis, Picardi, Ambianensis diocesis, compositum supra meridianum Parisiensem).
Oxford tables
After flourishing in Paris during the XIV century, the Alfonsine tradition has made its way to the British Isles[13], which resulted, alongside other works, into the composition of so-called Oxford tables. Mel. Col. 60 begins with the Oxford tables: folios from 1v to 17r contain double argument tables for the Moon and the planets. Later the Oxford tables restart on folio 63r, where one table is dedicated to finding the equations of center and stations of the planets, and another for finding the oblique ascension.
Further folios (63v–94r) contain Oxford tables[14] (composed in 1348) attributed to William Batecombe . Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 03.djvu – via Wikisource., a XIV-century an English mathematician and astrologer, followed by the respective canons of the same authorship on folios 94v–96r.
Table of content[5]
1v–17r : Oxford Tables, Double argument tables for the Moon and the planets.
17v : empty grid
18r : blank
18v-24r : Multiplication table 100 x 100
24v–25r : Arithmetical table
25 : blank
26r– 32r : Almanac of John of Lignères (only planets), called here magnus almanach
32v : blank
33r–v : incomplete table of an almanac, no heading
34r–36r : The title of the text announces the canons to the preceding almanac (Canones super magnum almanach), while in fact it is another text by John of Lignères, associated with the Tabule magne (incipit Multiplicis philosophie)
36v–41r : John of Lignères, Tabule magne (incomplete)
42r : blank
42v : Radices for the Incarnation and 1320
43r : Tables of proportions
43v : double argument table for the time from mean to true syzygy, See Chabás and Goldstein, The medieval Moon in a matrix, AHES (2019), 73: 335–359, espec. p. 348.
44r–61v : John of Lignères, Tabule magne (double argument tables)
62r–v : Alfonsine solar equation (no lunar equation and no velocities)
63r : Two tables for Oxford: one for the equations of center and stations of the planets and another for oblique ascension (William Batecombe)
63v–94r : William Batecombe, Oxford Tables
94v–96r : William Batecombe, canons to the Oxford Tables
96v–100v : Tables of proportions
101r : blank
101v : Table of proportions
102r–106v : Sine table to thirds at intervals of 0:1º
107r–v : blank
108r : Table of proportions
108v : Multiplication table
109–116r : Solar equation to thirds at intervals of 0:1º
117r–125r : Table for the equation of Venus
125v–129v : Tables for the equations of the Moon
130r(140r)–145v : Tables for the equation of Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars
146r (folio mutilé) : Table for lunar latitude
146v (folio mutilé) : Table for the motion of the apogee
147r–156v : Table for the equation of Mars (continuation)
157r : blank
157–162v : Table for the equation of Mercury
163r–164v : blank
165r–172v : Mean motions of the luminaries and the planets
173r–174v : blank
175r : John of Murs and Firmin de Beauval: canons to the Tabulae permanentes, beginning Omnius utruisque sexus armoniam celestem[15]...
175v–179r : Mean conjunctions and oppositions for 76 years
179v–180r : Multiplication table. An entry, e, is obtained from the values a and b, for rows and columns by means of e = a·b/360
180v : empty grid
181r–182v : blank
References
- ^ BnF. "Mélanges de Colbert 60". Archives et manuscrits. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
- ^ J. Chabás; B R Goldstein (2018). "Adaptations of the Oxford Tables to Paris, Mantua, and Louvain". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 49: 99–115. doi:10.1177/0021828617752698. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ J. Chabás; M.-M. Saby (2022). "Editing the Tables of 1322 by John of Lignères", Alfonsine Astronomy: The Written Record. Belgium: Brepols Publishers. pp. 243–255.
- ^ Britannica. "Alfonsine Tables". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d Husson, Mathieu (2022). "Work Cohesion to the test of manuscript transmission: the case of John of Lignères' Tabule magne", Alfonsine Astronomy: The Written Record. Belgium: Brepols Publishers. pp. 321–322.
- ^ a b The Alfa exhibition. "Paris, BnF Mél. Colbert 60". Medieval skies. the Observatoire de Paris. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
- ^ Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. "John of Murs". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ observatoire de paris. "alpha survey". Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ Kremer (2021). "Cracking the Tabulae permanentes of John of Murs and Firmin of Beauval with Exploratory Data Analysis",Editing and Analysing Numerical Tables. Brepols Publishers. pp. 363–422.
- ^ Butzer (2007). "John of Muris [Murs]",The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers (Springer New York ed.). pp. 599–600. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_727. ISBN 978-0-387-30400-7.
- ^ Husson (2021). "Computing with Manuscripts: Time between Mean and True Syzygies in John of Lignères' Tabule magne",Editing and Analysing Numerical Tables: Towards a Digital Information System for the History of Astral Sciences. Brepols publishers. pp. 425–468.
- ^ Poulle (1996). "Astronomie planétaire au Moyen ge latin". Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 157 (1): 297–298.
- ^ Chabás (2017). "An Early Witness of Alfonsine Astronomy: The London Tables for 1336". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 48 (3): 324–328. doi:10.1177/0021828617716556. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
- ^ Chabás; Goldstein (2016). "The Moon in the Oxford Tables of 1348". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 47 (2): 159–167. doi:10.1177/0021828616645769. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ Porres; Chabás (2001). "John of Murs's Tabulae Permanentes for Finding True Syzygies". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 32: 63–72. doi:10.1177/002182860103200103. Retrieved 12 April 2024.