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{{Short description|Extinct species of |
{{Short description|Extinct species of amphibian}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
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{{Italic title}} |
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⚫ | | fossil_range = {{fossil range|20.8|13.6|[[Arikareean]]–[[Barstovian]]}}<ref name="Holman 2006">{{cite book |last=Holman |first=J.A. |date=2006 |title=Fossil Salamanders of North America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jedqR3axP_MC |location=Bloomington, IN |publisher=Indiana University Press |pages=71–73 |isbn=0-253-34732-7 }}</ref> |
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{{Taxobox |
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| image = Andrias matthewi size comparison.jpg |
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| image_caption = Size comparison between a human and ''A. matthewi'' |
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⚫ | | fossil_range = {{fossil range|20.8|13.6|[[Arikareean |
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| extinct = yes |
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| genus = Andrias |
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| species = matthewi |
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⚫ | | authority = (Cook, 1917)<ref name="Cook 1917">{{cite journal|last=Cook |first=H.J. |year=1917 |title=First recorded amphibian from the Tertiary of Nebraska |journal=Bulletin of the Geological Society of America |volume=28 |page=213 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111862#page/253/mode/1up}}</ref> |
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| ordo = [[Urodela]] |
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| genus = ''[[Andrias]]'' |
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| species = †'''''Andrias matthewi''''' |
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| synonyms = |
| synonyms = |
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*''Plicagnathus matthewi'' <br/><small>Cook, 1917</small> |
*''Plicagnathus matthewi'' <br/><small>Cook, 1917</small> |
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*''[[Cryptobranchus]] matthewi'' <br/><small>(Cook, 1917)</small> |
*''[[Cryptobranchus]] matthewi'' <br/><small>(Cook, 1917)</small> |
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*''Cryptobranchus mccalli'' <br/><small>Tihen & Chantell, 1963</small><ref name="Tihen & Chantell 1963">{{cite journal|last1=Tihen |first1=J.A. |last2=Chantell |first2=C.J. |year=1963 |title=Urodele remains from the Valentine Formation of Nebraska |journal=Copeia |volume=1963 |issue=3 |page=505-510 |doi=10.2307/1441470 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1441470 |url-access=registration}}</ref> |
*''Cryptobranchus mccalli'' <br/><small>Tihen & Chantell, 1963</small><ref name="Tihen & Chantell 1963">{{cite journal|last1=Tihen |first1=J.A. |last2=Chantell |first2=C.J. |year=1963 |title=Urodele remains from the Valentine Formation of Nebraska |journal=Copeia |volume=1963 |issue=3 |page=505-510 |doi=10.2307/1441470 |jstor=1441470 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1441470 |url-access=registration}}</ref> |
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'''''Andrias matthewi''''', '''Matthew's giant salamander''',<ref name="Holman 1976">{{cite journal|last=Holman |first=J.A. |year=1976 |title=The herpetofauna of the lower Valentine Formation, north-central Nebraska |journal=Herpetologica |volume=32 |issue=3 | |
'''''Andrias matthewi''''', or '''Matthew's giant salamander''',<ref name="Holman 1976">{{cite journal|last=Holman |first=J.A. |year=1976 |title=The herpetofauna of the lower Valentine Formation, north-central Nebraska |journal=Herpetologica |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=262–268 |jstor=3891452 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3891452 |url-access=registration}}</ref> is an extinct [[species]] of [[giant salamander]] from the [[Miocene]] of [[North America]]. It belongs to the genus ''[[Andrias]]'', which contains the living Asian giant salamanders. It is the largest salamander to have ever existed, with a maximum estimated length of {{cvt|2.3|m}}.<ref name="Naylor 1981">{{cite journal|last=Naylor |first=B.G. |year=1981 |title=Cryptobranchid salamanders from the Paleocene and Miocene of Saskatchewan |journal=Copeia |volume=1981 |issue=1 |pages=76–86 |doi=10.2307/1444042 |jstor=1444042 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1444042 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Its fossils have been found in [[Nebraska]], [[Colorado]], and [[Saskatchewan]].<ref name="Holman 2006"/> |
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==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
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In 1917, Harold Cook named the new genus and species ''Plicagnathus matthewi'' for a [[Mandible#Other vertebrates|dentary]] from the "lower Snake Creek beds"{{efn|This unit was later renamed to the [[Olcott Formation]].<ref name="Skinner et al. 1977">{{cite journal|last1=Skinner |first1=M.F. |last2=Skinner |first2=S.M. |last3=Gooris |first3=R.J. |year=1977 |title=Stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of late Cenozoic deposits in central Sioux County, western Nebraska |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=158 |issue=5 |page=263-370 |url=https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/1233 }}</ref>}} of Nebraska.<ref name="Cook 1917"/> The species was named in honor of [[William Diller Matthew]], who first identified the specimen.<ref name="Cook 1917"/> In 1963, Joseph Tihen and Charles Chantell named the new species ''[[Hellbender|Cryptobranchus]] mccalli'' for two [[maxilla|maxillae]] from the [[Valentine Formation]] of Nebraska.<ref name="Tihen & Chantell 1963"/> Charles Meszoely synonymized ''C. mccalli'' with ''P. matthewi'' and ''Plicagnathus'' with '' |
In 1917, Harold Cook named the new genus and species ''Plicagnathus matthewi'' for a [[Mandible#Other vertebrates|dentary]] from the "lower Snake Creek beds"{{efn|This unit was later renamed to the [[Olcott Formation]].<ref name="Skinner et al. 1977">{{cite journal|last1=Skinner |first1=M.F. |last2=Skinner |first2=S.M. |last3=Gooris |first3=R.J. |year=1977 |title=Stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of late Cenozoic deposits in central Sioux County, western Nebraska |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=158 |issue=5 |page=263-370 |hdl=2246/1233 |url=https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/1233 }}</ref>}} of Nebraska.<ref name="Cook 1917"/> The species was named in honor of [[William Diller Matthew]], who first identified the specimen.<ref name="Cook 1917"/> In 1963, Joseph Tihen and Charles Chantell named the new species ''[[Hellbender|Cryptobranchus]] mccalli'' for two [[maxilla|maxillae]] from the [[Valentine Formation]] of Nebraska.<ref name="Tihen & Chantell 1963"/> Charles Meszoely synonymized ''C. mccalli'' with ''P. matthewi'' and ''Plicagnathus'' with ''Andrias'' in 1966, leading to the current name ''Andrias matthewi''.<ref name="Meszoely 1966">{{cite journal|last=Meszoely |first=C. |year=1966 |title=North American fossil cryptobranchid salamanders |journal=The American Midland Naturalist |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=495–515 |doi=10.2307/2423407 |jstor=2423407 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2423407 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Bruce Naylor synonymized ''Andrias'' with ''Cryptobranchus'' in 1981, resulting in the combination ''Cryptobranchus matthewi'',<ref name="Naylor 1981"/> but this was not accepted by subsequent authors.<ref name="Holman 2006"/> |
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==Size== |
==Size== |
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Cook estimated a length of {{cvt|1.52|m}} based on the [[holotype]] dentary.<ref name="Cook 1917"/> Meszoely estimated lengths of {{cvt|1.5|m}} and {{cvt|1.8|m}} from a referred maxilla and dentary, respectively, from the [[Marsland Formation]] of Nebraska.<ref name="Meszoely 1966"/> Naylor estimated a length of {{cvt|2.3|m}} using two [[Vertebra|vertebrae]] from the [[Wood Mountain Formation]] of Saskatchewan.<ref name="Naylor 1981"/> In comparison, the largest living salamander, the [[South China giant salamander]] (''Andrias sligoi''), reaches lengths of {{cvt|1.75|m}}.<ref name="Turvey et al. 2019">{{cite journal|last1=Turvey |first1=S.T. |last2=Marr |first2=M.M. |last3=Barnes |first3=I. |last4=Brace |first4=S. |last5=Tapley |first5=B. |last6=Murphy |first6=R.W. |last7=Zhao |first7=E. |last8=Cunningham |first8=A.A. |year=2019 |title=Historical museum collections clarify the evolutionary history of cryptic species radiation in the world's largest amphibians |journal=Ecology and Evolution |volume=9 |issue=18 |pages= |
Cook estimated a length of {{cvt|1.52|m}} based on the [[holotype]] dentary.<ref name="Cook 1917"/> Meszoely estimated lengths of {{cvt|1.5|m}} and {{cvt|1.8|m}} from a referred maxilla and dentary, respectively, from the [[Marsland Formation]] of Nebraska.<ref name="Meszoely 1966"/> Naylor estimated a length of {{cvt|2.3|m}} using two [[Vertebra|vertebrae]] from the [[Wood Mountain Formation]] of Saskatchewan.<ref name="Naylor 1981"/> In comparison, the largest living salamander, the [[South China giant salamander]] (''Andrias sligoi''), reaches lengths of {{cvt|1.75|m}}.<ref name="Turvey et al. 2019">{{cite journal|last1=Turvey |first1=S.T. |last2=Marr |first2=M.M. |last3=Barnes |first3=I. |last4=Brace |first4=S. |last5=Tapley |first5=B. |last6=Murphy |first6=R.W. |last7=Zhao |first7=E. |last8=Cunningham |first8=A.A. |year=2019 |title=Historical museum collections clarify the evolutionary history of cryptic species radiation in the world's largest amphibians |journal=Ecology and Evolution |volume=9 |issue=18 |pages=10070–10084 |doi=10.1002/ece3.5257 |doi-access=free|pmc=6787787 }}</ref> |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q113647995}} |
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[[Category:Amphibians described in 1917]] |
Latest revision as of 23:11, 3 January 2024
Andrias matthewi Temporal range: [1]
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Size comparison between a human and A. matthewi | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Urodela |
Family: | Cryptobranchidae |
Genus: | Andrias |
Species: | †A. matthewi
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Binomial name | |
†Andrias matthewi (Cook, 1917)[2]
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Synonyms | |
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Andrias matthewi, or Matthew's giant salamander,[4] is an extinct species of giant salamander from the Miocene of North America. It belongs to the genus Andrias, which contains the living Asian giant salamanders. It is the largest salamander to have ever existed, with a maximum estimated length of 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in).[5] Its fossils have been found in Nebraska, Colorado, and Saskatchewan.[1]
Taxonomy
In 1917, Harold Cook named the new genus and species Plicagnathus matthewi for a dentary from the "lower Snake Creek beds"[a] of Nebraska.[2] The species was named in honor of William Diller Matthew, who first identified the specimen.[2] In 1963, Joseph Tihen and Charles Chantell named the new species Cryptobranchus mccalli for two maxillae from the Valentine Formation of Nebraska.[3] Charles Meszoely synonymized C. mccalli with P. matthewi and Plicagnathus with Andrias in 1966, leading to the current name Andrias matthewi.[7] Bruce Naylor synonymized Andrias with Cryptobranchus in 1981, resulting in the combination Cryptobranchus matthewi,[5] but this was not accepted by subsequent authors.[1]
Size
Cook estimated a length of 1.52 m (5 ft 0 in) based on the holotype dentary.[2] Meszoely estimated lengths of 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) and 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) from a referred maxilla and dentary, respectively, from the Marsland Formation of Nebraska.[7] Naylor estimated a length of 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) using two vertebrae from the Wood Mountain Formation of Saskatchewan.[5] In comparison, the largest living salamander, the South China giant salamander (Andrias sligoi), reaches lengths of 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in).[8]
Notes
- ^ This unit was later renamed to the Olcott Formation.[6]
References
- ^ a b c Holman, J.A. (2006). Fossil Salamanders of North America. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 71–73. ISBN 0-253-34732-7.
- ^ a b c d Cook, H.J. (1917). "First recorded amphibian from the Tertiary of Nebraska". Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 28: 213.
- ^ a b Tihen, J.A.; Chantell, C.J. (1963). "Urodele remains from the Valentine Formation of Nebraska". Copeia. 1963 (3): 505-510. doi:10.2307/1441470. JSTOR 1441470.
- ^ Holman, J.A. (1976). "The herpetofauna of the lower Valentine Formation, north-central Nebraska". Herpetologica. 32 (3): 262–268. JSTOR 3891452.
- ^ a b c Naylor, B.G. (1981). "Cryptobranchid salamanders from the Paleocene and Miocene of Saskatchewan". Copeia. 1981 (1): 76–86. doi:10.2307/1444042. JSTOR 1444042.
- ^ Skinner, M.F.; Skinner, S.M.; Gooris, R.J. (1977). "Stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of late Cenozoic deposits in central Sioux County, western Nebraska". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 158 (5): 263-370. hdl:2246/1233.
- ^ a b Meszoely, C. (1966). "North American fossil cryptobranchid salamanders". The American Midland Naturalist. 75 (2): 495–515. doi:10.2307/2423407. JSTOR 2423407.
- ^ Turvey, S.T.; Marr, M.M.; Barnes, I.; Brace, S.; Tapley, B.; Murphy, R.W.; Zhao, E.; Cunningham, A.A. (2019). "Historical museum collections clarify the evolutionary history of cryptic species radiation in the world's largest amphibians". Ecology and Evolution. 9 (18): 10070–10084. doi:10.1002/ece3.5257. PMC 6787787.