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{{Infobox Music genre |
{{Infobox Music genre |
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|name = |
|name = Two-step garage |
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|color = white |
|color = white |
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|bgcolor = #666667 |
|bgcolor = #666667 |
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|stylistic_origins = [[ |
|stylistic_origins = [[Swing music|Swing]] - [[Soul music|Soul]] - [[Funk]] - [[Contemporary R&B|Cont. R&B]] - [[New York garage music|NJ sound]] - [[Speed garage]] - [[Drum and bass]] |
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|cultural_origins = Late 1990s, [[London]], [[UK]] |
|cultural_origins = Mid 1990s, [[New Jersey|NJ]], [[US]]<br/>Late 1990s, [[London]], [[UK]] |
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|instruments = [[Music sequencer|Sequencer]] - [[Turntablism|Turntables]] - [[Sampler (musical instrument)|Sampler]]s - [[Synthesizer|Keyboard]]s - [[Drum machines]] - [[Personal computer|PC]]| |
|instruments = [[Music sequencer|Sequencer]] - [[Turntablism|Turntables]] - [[Sampler (musical instrument)|Sampler]]s - [[Synthesizer|Keyboard]]s - [[Drum machines]] - [[Personal computer|PC]]| |
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|popularity = Medium |
|popularity = Medium |
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|derivatives = [[Dark 2-step]] |
|derivatives = [[Dark 2-step]]<br/> |
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|subgenrelist = |
|subgenrelist = |
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|subgenres = |
|subgenres = |
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}} |
}} |
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''' |
'''Two-step garage''' ('''2-step''', '''2step''', '''2 step''') is a [[genre]] of [[electronic dance music]], associated with [[UK garage|UKG]] scene. |
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==Characteristics== |
==Characteristics== |
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The [[rhythm]]ic structure of |
The [[rhythm]]ic structure of two-step is influenced by [[hardstep]].<ref>(2004) "Popular Music Genres: An Introduction", ISBN 0748617450, 9780748617456, p.216: "This later beat structure, originally developed in hardstep drum'n'bass, led this form of garage to be renamed 2-step garage"</ref> The rhythm of two-step essentially lacks the 2nd and the 4th [[bass drum]] kick in its [[Time signature|<sup>4</sup>/<sub>4</sub>-time]] rhythm.<ref>(2006) "Музпросвет", ISBN : 5-93321-059-5, "..2nd and 4th kick drums were got out of drum pattern, resulting only 1st and 3rd kick drums left"</ref><ref>[http://www.garagemusic.co.uk/2step.html 2Step garage]: "..it does this by removing every second and fourth kick from the 4-to-the-floor pulse, creating a lurching, falter-funk feel."</ref> Both 1st and 3rd bass drum kicks of two-step rhythm are moveable.<ref>(2006) "Музпросвет", ISBN : 5-93321-059-5, "It's clear, that those kickdrums [1st and 3rd] just stunt on their places, they always digress from strict scheme"</ref> The drum pattern can be [[Rhythm|irregular]].<ref>[http://www.garagemusic.co.uk/2step.html 2Step garage]: "More adventurous 2-step producers program irregular kick-drum patterns..."</ref> The [[tempo]] of two-step usually ranges from 125-135 [[beats per minute|bpm]].<ref>(2002) "The Techno Primer: The Essential Reference for Loop-based Music Styles", ISBN 0634017888, 9780634017889, p.31: "It involves Hip-hop loops at tempos usually associated with House music around 125-135 bpm"</ref><ref>(2004) "Inside Clubbing: Sensual Experiments in the Art of Being Human", ISBN 1859737137, 9781859737132, p.30: "Then you move onto the underground garage of today, which is again about 130 BPM, but as it's a two-step beat it feels slower."</ref> |
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An illustration on two-step rhythm and its difference from [[four to the floor]] house rhythm: |
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⚫ | |||
'''Two-step:''' |
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⚫ | |||
{| style="border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#808080;background-color:#BBBBBB" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="2" |
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|Kick: |
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|X |
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|* |
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|* |
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|* |
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|X |
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|* |
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|* |
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|* |
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|- |
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|Snare: |
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|* |
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|* |
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|X |
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|* |
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|* |
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|* |
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|X |
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|* |
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|} |
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'''House:''' |
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⚫ | The overall atmosphere of |
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{| style="border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#808080;background-color:#BBBBBB" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="2" |
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|Kick: |
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|X |
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|* |
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|X |
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|* |
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|X |
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|* |
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|X |
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|* |
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|- |
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|Snare: |
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|* |
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|* |
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|X |
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|* |
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|* |
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|* |
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|X |
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|* |
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|} |
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⚫ | The [[Bassline|bass]] of two-step is influenced by soul and funk.<ref>[http://www.2step.ru/articles/index.html?6 2Step Garage]: "There is something in 2step - it's either [[bassline]] written with the tenderness of soul..." "Among 2step traits are [..] and basslines taking their roots from funk"</ref><ref>[http://www.garagemusic.co.uk/2step.html 2Step garage]: "..it does this by removing every second and fourth kick from the 4-to-the-floor pulse, creating a lurching, falter-funk feel."</ref> |
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⚫ | Two-step often features [[House music|house]]-style [[Human voice|vocals]]<ref>(2002) "The Techno Primer: The Essential Reference for Loop-based Music Styles", ISBN 0634017888, 9780634017889, p.31: "2-step relies heavily on [...], House-style vocals,.."</ref> or vocals in the style of [[contemporary R&B]].<ref>(2006) "Музпросвет", ISBN : 5-93321-059-5, "..vocals have started getting borrowed from [[a-capella]] versions of american r&b hits.."</ref><ref>(2002) "The Techno Primer: The Essential Reference for Loop-based Music Styles", ISBN 0634017888, 9780634017889, p.32: "The 2-Step movement started in the UK with producers doing illegal remixes of songs by major R&B artists. They would sample the a-capella versions of various songs on 12-inch records imported from USA"</ref><ref>(2004) "Rave Culture and Religion", ISBN 0415314496, 9780415314497, p.190: "The Sunday scene also introduced R'n'B to the second or backroom at events, which, in turn, influenced the emergence of '2 step' garage. This addition drew heavily on R'n'B influences, especially in the terms of its vocal arrangements."</ref> It is usual for producers of two-step to modify source [[A cappella|a capellas]] in their tracks.<ref>(2006) "Музпросвет", ISBN : 5-93321-059-5, "Vocals are gotten cut into pieces.."</ref> [[Microphone Controller|MC]]s are often featured on tracks of two-step.<ref>[http://www.2step.ru/articles/index.html?12 My opinion on where 2step takes its roots]: "Everything [MCing] started in [[ragga-jungle]], then it got itself into dnb as a heritage, and then from dnb it got itself into 2step.." "..in 2step, MCs had become almost central figures. There were tracks especially for MCs, battles and crews were initialized.."</ref><ref>[http://www.garagemusic.co.uk/2step.html 2Step or 'Adult Hardcore']"MC's, for instance, now superimpose a smoov R&B patina over the junglist's creole hybrid of ragga patois and Cockney patter."</ref> |
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⚫ | The overall atmosphere of two-step is soft, lyrical, melodic and erotic.<ref>(2006) "Музпросвет", ISBN : 5-93321-059-5, "2Step is definitely softer, more lyrical, more melodic, more erotic than dnb.."</ref><ref>[http://www.garagemusic.co.uk/2step.html 2Step garage]: "Like 2-step, lover's rock was a UK-spawned hybrid of silky US soul and Jamaican rhythm, that restored treble to the bass-heavy frequency spectrum and replaced militant spirituality with romantic yearning."</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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{{Expand|date=October 2008}} |
{{Expand|date=October 2008}} |
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Though generally considered British music, there are different opinions on this fact. There is a widespread opinion that |
Though generally considered British music, there are different opinions on this fact. There is a widespread opinion that two-step first appeared in the USA around [[1995]], with remixes such as "Never let you go" track.<ref>[http://www.2step.ru/articles/index.html?6 2step garage]: "There is a widespread opinion that the first 2step track was the remix of "Never let you go" tune, that came from America. Another widespread opinion says that the first two-step tune was either "My desire" remix by Dreem Teem or "Destiny" by Dem2."</ref><ref>[http://www.garagemusic.co.uk/ski.html An alternative view on the history of the UK Garage]: "There was a lot of controversy about who actually produced tha first 2 step tune. Some say it was [...] mix of "Never Let You Go". Others say it was tha Dreem Teem's mix of "My Desire".</ref> Another widespread opinion says that the first two-step tune was either the remix of "My desire" tune made by Dreem Teem or "Destiny" by Dem2.<ref>[http://www.2step.ru/articles/index.html?6 2step garage]: "There is a widespread opinion that the first 2step track was the remix of "Never let you go" tune, that came from America. Another widespread opinion says that the first 2step tune was either "My desire" remix by Dreem Teem or "Destiny" by Dem2."</ref><ref>[http://www.garagemusic.co.uk/ski.html An alternative view on the history of the UK Garage]: "There was a lot of controversy about who actually produced tha first 2 step tune. Some say it was [...] mix of "Never Let You Go". Others say it was tha Dreem Teem's mix of "My Desire".</ref> |
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Around [[2000]]-[[2003]], |
In [[1999]], there was two-step [[boom]] in London. It is said, that party organisers had favoured two-step to drum and bass to invite more females to parties.<ref>(2006) "Музпросвет", ISBN : 5-93321-059-5, "In the summer of 1999, the was two-step psychosis in London. Fever-like atmosphere around two-step was just like it was around oldschool jungle few years earlier." "Drum and bass was two complex for females. That's why two-step won it."</ref> |
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Around [[2000]]-[[2003]], two-step fell in popularity.<ref>(2004) "Popular Music Genres: An Introduction", ISBN 0748617450, 9780748617456, p.216: "Come 2000—3, the two-step rhythm structure became less and less popular.."</ref> By this time, two-step influenced the emergence of [[Grime (music)|grime]] music.<ref>http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/feature/44706-the-month-in-grime-dubstep "This love of the past as well as the present is unusual in grime, where many of the youngest UK "youngers" grew up referencing little musically before grime, so that even 2step garage-- the sound's predecessor-- was old school. This stripping out of old patterns for a time allowed grime to hyper-evolve in 2002-2005, so that it massively outstripped all UK urban genres this decade in terms of innovation."</ref> |
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==Artists== |
==Artists== |
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*[[Oxide & Neutrino]] |
*[[Oxide & Neutrino]] |
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*[[So Solid Crew]] |
*[[So Solid Crew]] |
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*[[Zed Bias]] |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<div class="references" style="height: 220px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px"> |
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<font size="small"> |
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For "'''two-step'''": |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*(2004) "Popular Music Genres: An Introduction", ISBN 0748617450, 9780748617456, p.216: "...to be renamed two-step garage" |
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*(2002) "Companion to Contemporary Black British Culture", ISBN 0415169895, 9780415169899, p.93: "...'Fill me in' retained the distinctive two-step garage heat..." |
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*(2006) "Beyond Subculture: Pop, Youth and Identity in a Postcolonial World", ISBN 0415278155, 9780415278157, p.77 "...there is a current vogue for two-step garage and r'n'b bhangra mixes..." |
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*(2000) "Machine Times: DEAFOO", p.22: "...lyrically regressive, rhythmically advanced dance musics like R&8, Southern bounce and two-step garage..." |
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*(2006) "Unlocking the Groove: Rhythm, Meter, and Musical Design in Electronic Dance Music", ISBN 0253346622, 9780253346629, p.39: "...referred to as "two-step"..." |
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*(2004) "The New Rolling Stone Album Guide: Completely Revised and Updated 4th Edition", ISBN 0743201698, 9780743201698, p.208: "The British dance genre two-step (aka UK garage) rose out of the clubs..." |
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*(2004) "Inside Clubbing: Sensual Experiments in the Art of Being Human", ISBN 1859737137, 9781859737132, p.30: "Then you move onto the underground garage of today, which is again about 130 BPM, but as it's a two-step beat it feels slower." |
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*"Lg 08 Britain", ISBN 0312374496, 9780312374495, "...the two-step sub-bass..." |
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*(2002) "This is uncool", ISBN 1844031055, 9781844031054, p.412: "...UK garage/two-step..." |
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{{refend}} |
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For "'''2-step'''": |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*(2002) "The Techno Primer: The Essential Reference for Loop-based Music Styles", ISBN 0634017888, 9780634017889, p.31: "2-Step relies heavily..." |
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*(2003) "All Music Guide to Soul: The Definitive Guide to R&B and Soul", ISBN 0879307447, 9780879307448, p.178: "...Grammy-nominated ''Born to Do It'', which blended 2-step, R&B and pop" |
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*(2003) "All Music Guide to Hip-hop: The Definitive Guide to Rap & Hip-hop", ISBN 0879307595, 9780879307592, p.338: "... 2-Step/British Garage" |
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*(2007) "DJing for Dummies", ISBN 0470032758, 9780470032756, p.185: "...to recognise breakbeat, R&B, or 2-step garage" |
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*(2003) "The Rough Guide to Cult Pop: The Songs, the Artists, the Genres, the Dubious Fashions", ISBN 1843532298, 9781843532293, p.42 "...(later 2-step)..." |
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*(2007) "Bebo Unbound: Secure Your Privacy, Buzz Your Band, and Get Popular on Bebo", ISBN 1933747072, 9781933747071, p.147 |
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{{refend}} |
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For "'''2step'''": |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*(2005) "Engineering Culture: On 'the Author as (digital) Producer'", ISBN 1570271704, 9781570271700, p.178: "...2Step and other forms of contemporary urban music..." |
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*(2005) "How Open is the Future?: Economic, Social & Cultural Scenarios Inspired by Free & Open-Source Software", ISBN 9054873787, 9789054873785, p.136: "...2Step and other forms of contemporary urban music"... |
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*(2006) "Contemporary Youth Culture: An International Encyclopedia, v.2" ISBN 0313337292, 9780313337291, p.330: "...and 2Step." |
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*(2004) "Electronic Vibration: Pop Kultur Theorie", ISBN 3810041025, 9783810041029, p.VI: "mit Speed-Garage und 2Step neue Strömungen herausgebildet", translated: "with speed garage and 2Step new currents developed" |
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*(2006) "Berlin", ISBN 8360496609, 9788360496602, p.149 "...nu jazz, 2step,..." |
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*(2007) "Techno, Gothic und HipHop: musikorientierte Jugendkulturen im soziologischen Vergleich: Musikorientierte Jugendkulturen im soziologischen Vergleich", ISBN 3638704637, 9783638704632, p.80: "..."2Step" (Mischung aus "House"..)", translated: "...2Step" (Mixture of "House"...)" |
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*(2005) "Kulturverführer Köln und Umgebung: Clubs, Theater, Museen, Kinos, Galerien, Events, Szene", ISBN 3937742050, 9783937742052 p.57: "...Reggae oder 2Step.", translated: "...Reggae or 2Step." |
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*(2008) "The Digital Musician", ISBN 0415962153, 9780415962155, p.161</ref> |
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{{refend}} |
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For "'''2 step'''": |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*(2000) "Cyberarts 2000: International Compendium Prix Ars Electronica", ISBN 3211834982, 9783211834985, p.195 "...,2 step garage, broken beats,..." |
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*(2004) "Rave Culture and Religion", ISBN 0415314496, 9780415314497, p.190: "...the emergence of '2 step' garage..." |
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{{refend}} |
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Other references: |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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</div> |
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</font> |
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*[[Simon Reynolds]]: ''[http://www.garagemusic.co.uk/2step.html 'Adult hardcore']'' [[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]], April 1999 |
*[[Simon Reynolds]]: ''[http://www.garagemusic.co.uk/2step.html 'Adult hardcore']'' [[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]], April 1999 |
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Revision as of 23:59, 15 October 2008
Two-step garage | |
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Stylistic origins | Swing - Soul - Funk - Cont. R&B - NJ sound - Speed garage - Drum and bass |
Cultural origins | Mid 1990s, NJ, US Late 1990s, London, UK |
Typical instruments | Sequencer - Turntables - Samplers - Keyboards - Drum machines - PC |
Derivative forms | Dark 2-step |
Two-step garage (2-step, 2step, 2 step) is a genre of electronic dance music, associated with UKG scene.
Characteristics
The rhythmic structure of two-step is influenced by hardstep.[1] The rhythm of two-step essentially lacks the 2nd and the 4th bass drum kick in its 4/4-time rhythm.[2][3] Both 1st and 3rd bass drum kicks of two-step rhythm are moveable.[4] The drum pattern can be irregular.[5] The tempo of two-step usually ranges from 125-135 bpm.[6][7]
An illustration on two-step rhythm and its difference from four to the floor house rhythm:
Two-step:
Kick: | X | * | * | * | X | * | * | * |
Snare: | * | * | X | * | * | * | X | * |
House:
Kick: | X | * | X | * | X | * | X | * |
Snare: | * | * | X | * | * | * | X | * |
The bass of two-step is influenced by soul and funk.[8][9]
Two-step often features house-style vocals[10] or vocals in the style of contemporary R&B.[11][12][13] It is usual for producers of two-step to modify source a capellas in their tracks.[14] MCs are often featured on tracks of two-step.[15][16]
The overall atmosphere of two-step is soft, lyrical, melodic and erotic.[17][18]
History
Though generally considered British music, there are different opinions on this fact. There is a widespread opinion that two-step first appeared in the USA around 1995, with remixes such as "Never let you go" track.[19][20] Another widespread opinion says that the first two-step tune was either the remix of "My desire" tune made by Dreem Teem or "Destiny" by Dem2.[21][22]
In 1999, there was two-step boom in London. It is said, that party organisers had favoured two-step to drum and bass to invite more females to parties.[23]
Around 2000-2003, two-step fell in popularity.[24] By this time, two-step influenced the emergence of grime music.[25]
Artists
See also
References
For "two-step":
- (2004) "Popular Music Genres: An Introduction", ISBN 0748617450, 9780748617456, p.216: "...to be renamed two-step garage"
- (2002) "Companion to Contemporary Black British Culture", ISBN 0415169895, 9780415169899, p.93: "...'Fill me in' retained the distinctive two-step garage heat..."
- (2006) "Beyond Subculture: Pop, Youth and Identity in a Postcolonial World", ISBN 0415278155, 9780415278157, p.77 "...there is a current vogue for two-step garage and r'n'b bhangra mixes..."
- (2000) "Machine Times: DEAFOO", p.22: "...lyrically regressive, rhythmically advanced dance musics like R&8, Southern bounce and two-step garage..."
- (2006) "Unlocking the Groove: Rhythm, Meter, and Musical Design in Electronic Dance Music", ISBN 0253346622, 9780253346629, p.39: "...referred to as "two-step"..."
- (2004) "The New Rolling Stone Album Guide: Completely Revised and Updated 4th Edition", ISBN 0743201698, 9780743201698, p.208: "The British dance genre two-step (aka UK garage) rose out of the clubs..."
- (2004) "Inside Clubbing: Sensual Experiments in the Art of Being Human", ISBN 1859737137, 9781859737132, p.30: "Then you move onto the underground garage of today, which is again about 130 BPM, but as it's a two-step beat it feels slower."
- "Lg 08 Britain", ISBN 0312374496, 9780312374495, "...the two-step sub-bass..."
- (2002) "This is uncool", ISBN 1844031055, 9781844031054, p.412: "...UK garage/two-step..."
For "2-step":
- (2002) "The Techno Primer: The Essential Reference for Loop-based Music Styles", ISBN 0634017888, 9780634017889, p.31: "2-Step relies heavily..."
- (2003) "All Music Guide to Soul: The Definitive Guide to R&B and Soul", ISBN 0879307447, 9780879307448, p.178: "...Grammy-nominated Born to Do It, which blended 2-step, R&B and pop"
- (2003) "All Music Guide to Hip-hop: The Definitive Guide to Rap & Hip-hop", ISBN 0879307595, 9780879307592, p.338: "... 2-Step/British Garage"
- (2007) "DJing for Dummies", ISBN 0470032758, 9780470032756, p.185: "...to recognise breakbeat, R&B, or 2-step garage"
- (2003) "The Rough Guide to Cult Pop: The Songs, the Artists, the Genres, the Dubious Fashions", ISBN 1843532298, 9781843532293, p.42 "...(later 2-step)..."
- (2007) "Bebo Unbound: Secure Your Privacy, Buzz Your Band, and Get Popular on Bebo", ISBN 1933747072, 9781933747071, p.147
For "2step":
- (2005) "Engineering Culture: On 'the Author as (digital) Producer'", ISBN 1570271704, 9781570271700, p.178: "...2Step and other forms of contemporary urban music..."
- (2005) "How Open is the Future?: Economic, Social & Cultural Scenarios Inspired by Free & Open-Source Software", ISBN 9054873787, 9789054873785, p.136: "...2Step and other forms of contemporary urban music"...
- (2006) "Contemporary Youth Culture: An International Encyclopedia, v.2" ISBN 0313337292, 9780313337291, p.330: "...and 2Step."
- (2004) "Electronic Vibration: Pop Kultur Theorie", ISBN 3810041025, 9783810041029, p.VI: "mit Speed-Garage und 2Step neue Strömungen herausgebildet", translated: "with speed garage and 2Step new currents developed"
- (2006) "Berlin", ISBN 8360496609, 9788360496602, p.149 "...nu jazz, 2step,..."
- (2007) "Techno, Gothic und HipHop: musikorientierte Jugendkulturen im soziologischen Vergleich: Musikorientierte Jugendkulturen im soziologischen Vergleich", ISBN 3638704637, 9783638704632, p.80: "..."2Step" (Mischung aus "House"..)", translated: "...2Step" (Mixture of "House"...)"
- (2005) "Kulturverführer Köln und Umgebung: Clubs, Theater, Museen, Kinos, Galerien, Events, Szene", ISBN 3937742050, 9783937742052 p.57: "...Reggae oder 2Step.", translated: "...Reggae or 2Step."
- (2008) "The Digital Musician", ISBN 0415962153, 9780415962155, p.161</ref>
For "2 step":
- (2000) "Cyberarts 2000: International Compendium Prix Ars Electronica", ISBN 3211834982, 9783211834985, p.195 "...,2 step garage, broken beats,..."
- (2004) "Rave Culture and Religion", ISBN 0415314496, 9780415314497, p.190: "...the emergence of '2 step' garage..."
Other references:
- ^ (2004) "Popular Music Genres: An Introduction", ISBN 0748617450, 9780748617456, p.216: "This later beat structure, originally developed in hardstep drum'n'bass, led this form of garage to be renamed 2-step garage"
- ^ (2006) "Музпросвет", ISBN : 5-93321-059-5, "..2nd and 4th kick drums were got out of drum pattern, resulting only 1st and 3rd kick drums left"
- ^ 2Step garage: "..it does this by removing every second and fourth kick from the 4-to-the-floor pulse, creating a lurching, falter-funk feel."
- ^ (2006) "Музпросвет", ISBN : 5-93321-059-5, "It's clear, that those kickdrums [1st and 3rd] just stunt on their places, they always digress from strict scheme"
- ^ 2Step garage: "More adventurous 2-step producers program irregular kick-drum patterns..."
- ^ (2002) "The Techno Primer: The Essential Reference for Loop-based Music Styles", ISBN 0634017888, 9780634017889, p.31: "It involves Hip-hop loops at tempos usually associated with House music around 125-135 bpm"
- ^ (2004) "Inside Clubbing: Sensual Experiments in the Art of Being Human", ISBN 1859737137, 9781859737132, p.30: "Then you move onto the underground garage of today, which is again about 130 BPM, but as it's a two-step beat it feels slower."
- ^ 2Step Garage: "There is something in 2step - it's either bassline written with the tenderness of soul..." "Among 2step traits are [..] and basslines taking their roots from funk"
- ^ 2Step garage: "..it does this by removing every second and fourth kick from the 4-to-the-floor pulse, creating a lurching, falter-funk feel."
- ^ (2002) "The Techno Primer: The Essential Reference for Loop-based Music Styles", ISBN 0634017888, 9780634017889, p.31: "2-step relies heavily on [...], House-style vocals,.."
- ^ (2006) "Музпросвет", ISBN : 5-93321-059-5, "..vocals have started getting borrowed from a-capella versions of american r&b hits.."
- ^ (2002) "The Techno Primer: The Essential Reference for Loop-based Music Styles", ISBN 0634017888, 9780634017889, p.32: "The 2-Step movement started in the UK with producers doing illegal remixes of songs by major R&B artists. They would sample the a-capella versions of various songs on 12-inch records imported from USA"
- ^ (2004) "Rave Culture and Religion", ISBN 0415314496, 9780415314497, p.190: "The Sunday scene also introduced R'n'B to the second or backroom at events, which, in turn, influenced the emergence of '2 step' garage. This addition drew heavily on R'n'B influences, especially in the terms of its vocal arrangements."
- ^ (2006) "Музпросвет", ISBN : 5-93321-059-5, "Vocals are gotten cut into pieces.."
- ^ My opinion on where 2step takes its roots: "Everything [MCing] started in ragga-jungle, then it got itself into dnb as a heritage, and then from dnb it got itself into 2step.." "..in 2step, MCs had become almost central figures. There were tracks especially for MCs, battles and crews were initialized.."
- ^ 2Step or 'Adult Hardcore'"MC's, for instance, now superimpose a smoov R&B patina over the junglist's creole hybrid of ragga patois and Cockney patter."
- ^ (2006) "Музпросвет", ISBN : 5-93321-059-5, "2Step is definitely softer, more lyrical, more melodic, more erotic than dnb.."
- ^ 2Step garage: "Like 2-step, lover's rock was a UK-spawned hybrid of silky US soul and Jamaican rhythm, that restored treble to the bass-heavy frequency spectrum and replaced militant spirituality with romantic yearning."
- ^ 2step garage: "There is a widespread opinion that the first 2step track was the remix of "Never let you go" tune, that came from America. Another widespread opinion says that the first two-step tune was either "My desire" remix by Dreem Teem or "Destiny" by Dem2."
- ^ An alternative view on the history of the UK Garage: "There was a lot of controversy about who actually produced tha first 2 step tune. Some say it was [...] mix of "Never Let You Go". Others say it was tha Dreem Teem's mix of "My Desire".
- ^ 2step garage: "There is a widespread opinion that the first 2step track was the remix of "Never let you go" tune, that came from America. Another widespread opinion says that the first 2step tune was either "My desire" remix by Dreem Teem or "Destiny" by Dem2."
- ^ An alternative view on the history of the UK Garage: "There was a lot of controversy about who actually produced tha first 2 step tune. Some say it was [...] mix of "Never Let You Go". Others say it was tha Dreem Teem's mix of "My Desire".
- ^ (2006) "Музпросвет", ISBN : 5-93321-059-5, "In the summer of 1999, the was two-step psychosis in London. Fever-like atmosphere around two-step was just like it was around oldschool jungle few years earlier." "Drum and bass was two complex for females. That's why two-step won it."
- ^ (2004) "Popular Music Genres: An Introduction", ISBN 0748617450, 9780748617456, p.216: "Come 2000—3, the two-step rhythm structure became less and less popular.."
- ^ http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/feature/44706-the-month-in-grime-dubstep "This love of the past as well as the present is unusual in grime, where many of the youngest UK "youngers" grew up referencing little musically before grime, so that even 2step garage-- the sound's predecessor-- was old school. This stripping out of old patterns for a time allowed grime to hyper-evolve in 2002-2005, so that it massively outstripped all UK urban genres this decade in terms of innovation."
- Simon Reynolds: 'Adult hardcore' The Wire, April 1999