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# [[Mahdi]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://islamqa.info/en/146316|title=The hadeeth “There will appear among you twelve imams coming one after another, all of them from Quraysh.” - islamqa.info|website=islamqa.info|language=en|access-date=2017-02-07}}</ref> |
# [[Mahdi]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://islamqa.info/en/146316|title=The hadeeth “There will appear among you twelve imams coming one after another, all of them from Quraysh.” - islamqa.info|website=islamqa.info|language=en|access-date=2017-02-07}}</ref> |
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According to shia scholarly consensus they do not believe in caliphate. They believe in a different concept of leadership referred to as [[imamate]]. However, shias do consider the caliphate of Ali and Hassan to be valid while considering them as Imams in contrast to caliphs which is predominantly a sunni-muslim term. |
According to shia scholarly consensus they do not believe in caliphate. They believe in a different concept of leadership referred to as [[imamate]]. However, shias do consider the caliphate of Ali and Hassan to be valid while considering them as Imams in contrast to caliphs which is predominantly a sunni-muslim term. |
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== Shia Beliefs== |
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Shias believe that Khalifa are Divinely appointed leaders. Imams is an arabic term for Leaders. Shias believe that the Greatest of Imam is Prophet Muhammad (sawaw) and 12 Imams ( Leaders ) are successors of Prophet Muhammad (sawaw). |
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'''1.''' only Allah The Exalted choose Leaders : Shias believes that Khalifa are divinely appointed Leaders ( in arabic Imams means Leaders). They believe that Allah has appointed their Leaders since from Adam.They believe only Allah appoints Khalifa and,Allah (swt) says '''''"And [mention, O Muhammad], when your Lord said to the angels, "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a Khalifa ( successive authority )''' '''2:30, Quran'''.'' |
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'''2.''' Shias believe that first Khalifa of Allah is Adam, Second Khalifa of Allah is Abel son of Adam. There has always been one pure bloodline of Khalifa of God till last day. Shias believe that Muhammad is the last prophet and for every nation is a guide ( divinely appointed Khalifa ). |
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''''"'''And those who disbelieved say, "Why has a sign not been sent down to him from his Lord?" You are only a warner, and for every people is a guide"''' '''Qur'an, 13:7'''.'' |
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'''3.''' Shias believe in "Supremacy of Allah" which means only Allah choose Khalifa ( leaders ). They don't believe in Democracy "Supremacy of Peoples" which means People chooses their own leaders. |
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'''4.''' Shias believe only Allah gives authority on his Earth.''"'''Say, "O Allah, Owner of Sovereignty, You give sovereignty to whom You will and You take sovereignty away from whom You will. You honor whom You will and You humble whom You will. In Your hand 102 is [all] good. Indeed, You are over all things competent"''' '''Qur'an 3:26''''' |
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'''5.''' '''An infallible Prophet can not choose Leader ::''' |
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Shias believe that even an infallible Prophet of Allah can not choose Khalifa (Imam to lead Believers). |
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'''Case of infallible Prophet Moses ( Musa ): |
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''' |
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There are a lot of verses and events that refute the supremacy of people and elections, such as this incident of someone who listened and was an eye witness. |
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'''The story of Moses and his people ::''' |
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''(And Moses chose seventy of his people for Our place of meeting: when they were seized with violent quaking, he prayed: "O my Lord! If it had been Thy will Thou couldst have destroyed, long before, both them and me: wouldst Thou destroy us for the deeds of the foolish ones among us? This is no more than Thy trial: by it Thou causest whom Thou wilt to stray, and Thou leadest whom Thou wilt into the right path. Thou art our Protector: so forgive us and give us Thy mercy; for Thou art the best of those who forgive.) '''(Al-A’raaf [28]:155)'''.'' |
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6. '''There was Moses, an infallible prophet, who chose seventy men from the finest sons of Israel. They all disbelieved and rebelled against him and against Allah’s orders. Therefore, if an infallible prophet such as Moses chose seventy men for a divine mission and none of those turned out to be worthy of this mission, how would common people choose a ruler and a king? They could choose the most evil of Allah’s creations unknowingly.''' |
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== List of Shia Khalifas (Caliphs)= |
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#[[Ali]] |
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#[[Hasan_ibn_Ali]] |
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#[[Husayn_ibn_Ali]] |
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#[[Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin]] |
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#[[Muhammad_al-Baqir]] |
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#[[Ja'far_al-Sadiq]] |
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#[[Musa_al-Kadhim]] |
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#[[Ali_al-Ridha]] |
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#[[Muhammad_al-Jawad]] |
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#[[Ali_al-Hadi]] |
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#[[Hasan_al-Askari]] |
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#[[Muhammad_al-Mahdi]] ( He is the the promised Mahdi who is to return with Isa son of Marym ) |
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1. These are bloodlines for Shias Khalifa from 1. Ali ibn Abi Talib to 12. Muhammad al Mahdi. |
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2. These are 12 Khalifa of Shias who they believe are successors of Muhammad. They all are divinely appointed Imams ( Leaders ) by Allah almighty. Shias believe that they all are infallible messengers and so their coming was also mentioned in Bible in Genesis 17:20. |
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3. Shias believe that Muhammad is son of Ishmael and these 12 Khalifas are from the progeny of Muhammad. Hence they are the one mentioned in Genesis 17:20. Every shias in the world believe in these 12 Imams (Imams means Leaders; 12 Imams are leaders/ King) |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 16:19, 12 April 2017
The hadith of the twelve successors, or twelve caliphs (Arabic: حديث الاثني عشر خليفة, romanized: ḥadīth al-ithnā ‘ashar khalīfah) is an Islamic prophecy, attributed to Muhammad. It is perhaps most popular among Twelver Shiites, as they affirm the prophecy was fulfilled by the Twelve Imams. The hadith (classified as Sahih) is widely accepted by all muslim groups (religious). According to the prophecy there will reign twelve caliphs—presumably the first being crowned upon the Prophet's death—and after which the Caliphate would cease to exist and mark the beginning of the judgement day or armagedon. It is stated that all twelve caliphs will be from the tribe of Quraysh.
Another interpretation is that the prophecy was fulfilled by the Rashidun Caliphs.[1] Some commentators, such as Ibn Kathir and Ibn Taymiyya, link this hadith with the biblical account of Moses and his twelve deputies.[2][3][4][5]
Sunni view
Imam Muslim on Sahih Muslim wrote: Rasulullah s.a.w said: "This religion (Islam) will remain standing until twelve caliph, which all of them is from Quraysh, rule over you." (Sahih Muslim)
Imam Abu Dawud on Shahih Abi Dawud wrote: Masyruq said: We sits with Abdullah bin Mas'ud, learn Al-Qur'an from him. Someone asks to him: Do you asks to Rasulullah s.a.w about how many caliph that will rule this umat? Ibnu Mas'ud answers: Of course we asks this thing to Rasulullah s.a.w and he answers: "Twelve, like the amount of the leaders of Banu Israel." (Shahih Al-Bukhari)
Biblical Properchy
"And for Ishmael, I heard his prayer; Behold, I will bless him and make him father of twelve descendants, twelfth King will be born and I will be born and I will make him a great nation." Genesis 17:20
The above mentioned prophecy is taken from translated versions of the bible which may not exactly represent the actual words of Eisa (Jesus).
Fihr, which is the founder of Quraish tribe, is a descendant of Prophert Ishmael.
Fihr (Quraish) bin Malik bin Nadhr bin Kinanah bin Khuzayma bin Mudrikah bin Ilyas bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma'ad bin Adnan bin Udad bin al-Muqawwam bin Nahur bin Tayrah bin Ya'rub bin Yasyjub bin Nabit bin Ishmael bin Abraham.
List of Caliphs
According to shia scholarly consensus they do not believe in caliphate. They believe in a different concept of leadership referred to as imamate. However, shias do consider the caliphate of Ali and Hassan to be valid while considering them as Imams in contrast to caliphs which is predominantly a sunni-muslim term.
Shia Beliefs
Shias believe that Khalifa are Divinely appointed leaders. Imams is an arabic term for Leaders. Shias believe that the Greatest of Imam is Prophet Muhammad (sawaw) and 12 Imams ( Leaders ) are successors of Prophet Muhammad (sawaw).
1. only Allah The Exalted choose Leaders : Shias believes that Khalifa are divinely appointed Leaders ( in arabic Imams means Leaders). They believe that Allah has appointed their Leaders since from Adam.They believe only Allah appoints Khalifa and,Allah (swt) says "And [mention, O Muhammad], when your Lord said to the angels, "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a Khalifa ( successive authority ) 2:30, Quran.
2. Shias believe that first Khalifa of Allah is Adam, Second Khalifa of Allah is Abel son of Adam. There has always been one pure bloodline of Khalifa of God till last day. Shias believe that Muhammad is the last prophet and for every nation is a guide ( divinely appointed Khalifa ). ''"And those who disbelieved say, "Why has a sign not been sent down to him from his Lord?" You are only a warner, and for every people is a guide" Qur'an, 13:7.
3. Shias believe in "Supremacy of Allah" which means only Allah choose Khalifa ( leaders ). They don't believe in Democracy "Supremacy of Peoples" which means People chooses their own leaders.
4. Shias believe only Allah gives authority on his Earth."Say, "O Allah, Owner of Sovereignty, You give sovereignty to whom You will and You take sovereignty away from whom You will. You honor whom You will and You humble whom You will. In Your hand 102 is [all] good. Indeed, You are over all things competent" Qur'an 3:26
5. An infallible Prophet can not choose Leader ::
Shias believe that even an infallible Prophet of Allah can not choose Khalifa (Imam to lead Believers).
Case of infallible Prophet Moses ( Musa ): There are a lot of verses and events that refute the supremacy of people and elections, such as this incident of someone who listened and was an eye witness.
The story of Moses and his people :: (And Moses chose seventy of his people for Our place of meeting: when they were seized with violent quaking, he prayed: "O my Lord! If it had been Thy will Thou couldst have destroyed, long before, both them and me: wouldst Thou destroy us for the deeds of the foolish ones among us? This is no more than Thy trial: by it Thou causest whom Thou wilt to stray, and Thou leadest whom Thou wilt into the right path. Thou art our Protector: so forgive us and give us Thy mercy; for Thou art the best of those who forgive.) (Al-A’raaf [28]:155).
6. There was Moses, an infallible prophet, who chose seventy men from the finest sons of Israel. They all disbelieved and rebelled against him and against Allah’s orders. Therefore, if an infallible prophet such as Moses chose seventy men for a divine mission and none of those turned out to be worthy of this mission, how would common people choose a ruler and a king? They could choose the most evil of Allah’s creations unknowingly.
= List of Shia Khalifas (Caliphs)
- Ali
- Hasan_ibn_Ali
- Husayn_ibn_Ali
- Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin
- Muhammad_al-Baqir
- Ja'far_al-Sadiq
- Musa_al-Kadhim
- Ali_al-Ridha
- Muhammad_al-Jawad
- Ali_al-Hadi
- Hasan_al-Askari
- Muhammad_al-Mahdi ( He is the the promised Mahdi who is to return with Isa son of Marym )
1. These are bloodlines for Shias Khalifa from 1. Ali ibn Abi Talib to 12. Muhammad al Mahdi.
2. These are 12 Khalifa of Shias who they believe are successors of Muhammad. They all are divinely appointed Imams ( Leaders ) by Allah almighty. Shias believe that they all are infallible messengers and so their coming was also mentioned in Bible in Genesis 17:20.
3. Shias believe that Muhammad is son of Ishmael and these 12 Khalifas are from the progeny of Muhammad. Hence they are the one mentioned in Genesis 17:20. Every shias in the world believe in these 12 Imams (Imams means Leaders; 12 Imams are leaders/ King)
See also
References
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Tarikh ibn Kathir 250
- ^ Tarikh ibn Kathir, volume 6, p. 249-250
- ^ Tarikh ibn Kathir, 6:248; Kanz al-Ummal, 13:27; Al-Haskani, Shawahid al-Tanzil, 1:455, Tradition No. 626.
- ^ Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal v1 p398 and p406; Mustadrak al-Hakim, 4:501; Al-Dhahabi, Talkhis al-Mustadrak 4:501. I; Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Fath al-Bari 16:339; #Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami, Majma al-Zawa'id 5:190; Ibn Hajar Al-Haythami, Al-Sawa'iq al-Muhriqa, vol 12; Suyuti, Tarikh al-Khulafa, Vol 10; Jami' al-Saghir 1:75; Kanz al-Ummal, 13:27
- ^ "The hadeeth "There will appear among you twelve imams coming one after another, all of them from Quraysh." - islamqa.info". islamqa.info. Retrieved 2017-02-07.