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==Occurrences== |
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The aquiline nose is met among people from nearly every nation in the world, nevertheless it is typical for ethnic groups that predominantly originate from [[Southern Europe]], the [[Western Asia|Western]] and [[South Asia|Southern Asia]], [[North Africa]], the [[Horn of Africa]] and the [[Middle East]]. In the racial classification according to [[biological anthropology]] this type of nose most frequently appears among the [[Oriental race]] and the [[Armenoid race]], however it is also often seen in the [[Mediterranean race]], therefore it is called the "Roman nose" found among [[Italians]], the [[French people|French]], and the [[Spanish people]].<ref name=Czekanowski>{{Cite book| last = Czekanowski| first = Jan| title = Człowiek w Czasie i Przestrzeni (eng. A Human in Time and Space) - The lexicon of biological anthropology.| publisher = Trzaska, Ewert i Michalski - Bibljoteka Wiedzy| location = Kraków, Poland| date = 1934}}</ref> Others, however, such as economist [[William Z. Ripley]], argue that the aquiline nose is characteristic of Teutonic peoples.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Winlow|first=Heather|year=2006|title=Mapping Moral Geographies: W. Z. Ripley's Races of Europe and the United States|journal=[[Annals of the Association of American Geographers]]|volume=96|issue=1|pages=119–41|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3694148}}</ref> Nevertheless, according to a book by a prominent [[anthropologist]] [[Jan Czekanowski]], titled "Człowiek w Czasie i Przestrzeni" (1934), Ripley's research was highly incomplete and misleading. To make his criticism reliable, Czekanowski proved, that Ripley did not recognize none of the mixed racial types, and what is more, he totally omitted the existance of the [[Armenoid race]]. Moreover, according to Czekanowski, Ripley confuses his "Teutonic race" with a mixed type (hybrid) of the actual Teutonic race and the Armenoid race, which is known by the name "[[Dinaric race]]".<ref name=Czekanowski/> |
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In racialist discourse, especially that of post-Enlightenment Western scientists and writers, the occurrence of a Roman nose (in an individual or a people) serves as a marker of beauty and nobility.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Adams|first=Mikaëla M.|year=2009|title=Savage Foes, Noble Warriors, and Frail Remnants: Florida Seminoles in the White Imagination, 1865-1934|journal=[[The Florida Historical Quarterly]]|volume=87|issue=3|pages=404–35|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20700234}}</ref> |
In racialist discourse, especially that of post-Enlightenment Western scientists and writers, the occurrence of a Roman nose (in an individual or a people) serves as a marker of beauty and nobility.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Adams|first=Mikaëla M.|year=2009|title=Savage Foes, Noble Warriors, and Frail Remnants: Florida Seminoles in the White Imagination, 1865-1934|journal=[[The Florida Historical Quarterly]]|volume=87|issue=3|pages=404–35|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20700234}}</ref> |
Revision as of 15:37, 5 June 2014
An aquiline nose (also called a Roman nose) is a human nose with a prominent bridge, giving it the appearance of being curved or slightly bent. The word aquiline comes from the Latin word aquilinus ("eagle-like"), a reference to the curved beak of an eagle.
The term's cultural meaning is of great importance in Western art and literature: a straight nose, in racialist discourse, frequently indicates a kind of nobility like that of the Latins.
Occurrences
The aquiline nose is met among people from nearly every nation in the world, nevertheless it is typical for ethnic groups that predominantly originate from Southern Europe, the Western and Southern Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa and the Middle East. In the racial classification according to biological anthropology this type of nose most frequently appears among the Oriental race and the Armenoid race, however it is also often seen in the Mediterranean race, therefore it is called the "Roman nose" found among Italians, the French, and the Spanish people.[1] Others, however, such as economist William Z. Ripley, argue that the aquiline nose is characteristic of Teutonic peoples.[2] Nevertheless, according to a book by a prominent anthropologist Jan Czekanowski, titled "Człowiek w Czasie i Przestrzeni" (1934), Ripley's research was highly incomplete and misleading. To make his criticism reliable, Czekanowski proved, that Ripley did not recognize none of the mixed racial types, and what is more, he totally omitted the existance of the Armenoid race. Moreover, according to Czekanowski, Ripley confuses his "Teutonic race" with a mixed type (hybrid) of the actual Teutonic race and the Armenoid race, which is known by the name "Dinaric race".[1]
In racialist discourse, especially that of post-Enlightenment Western scientists and writers, the occurrence of a Roman nose (in an individual or a people) serves as a marker of beauty and nobility.[3]
The Roman is aquiline hooked-nose was also deemed a distinctive feature of some Native American tribes, members of which often took their names after their own characteristic physical attributes (i.e. The Hook Nose, or Chief Henry Roman Nose).[1] In the depiction of Native Americans, for instance, the Roman nose is one of the standard characteristics of the "noble warrior" type,[4] and is so important as a cultural marker that, Renee Ann Cramer argues in Cash, Color, and Colonialism (2005), tribes without such characteristics find it difficult to receive federal recognition from the US government.[5]
Gallery
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The original mummy of the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II
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Jean Reno, a French actor born in Morocco to Spanish parents
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A girl of mediterranean type with an aquiline nose
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Bust of Augustus in profile
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Zana Briski, a British photographer and filmmaker of Iraqi-Jewish descent
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Serge Gainsbourg, a French singer of Jewish origin
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Titus Flavius Josephus, the 1st century Romano-Jewish scholar
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Rossy de Palma, a Spanish actress
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Coin with the effigy of Galba
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Sofia Coppola, an American film director and actress of Italian descent
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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the former president of Iran
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An authentic mummificated head of the Egyptian pharaoh Seti II
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Bust of Euripides
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Engraving of a bust of Archimedes
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Juan Evo Morales Ayma (left), the Bolivian president of Aymara descent
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A portrait of Frederic Chopin by Ary Scheffer
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Portrait of Dante Alighieri by Botticelli
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A painting of the 1st Duke of Wellington by Thomas Phillips
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Bust of Richard Wagner
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Sardonyx cameo of Charles V
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The mummy of Seti I, the pharaoh of Egypt
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An Ancient Egyptian mummy of pharaoh Merneptah
See also
References
- ^ a b c Czekanowski, Jan (1934). Człowiek w Czasie i Przestrzeni (eng. A Human in Time and Space) - The lexicon of biological anthropology. Kraków, Poland: Trzaska, Ewert i Michalski - Bibljoteka Wiedzy.
- ^ Winlow, Heather (2006). "Mapping Moral Geographies: W. Z. Ripley's Races of Europe and the United States". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 96 (1): 119–41.
- ^ Adams, Mikaëla M. (2009). "Savage Foes, Noble Warriors, and Frail Remnants: Florida Seminoles in the White Imagination, 1865-1934". The Florida Historical Quarterly. 87 (3): 404–35.
- ^ Cramer, Renee Ann (2006). "The Common Sense of Anti-Indian Racism: Reactions to Mashantucket Pequot Success in Gaming and Acknowledgment". Law & Social Inquiry. 31 (2): 313–41.
- ^ McCulloch, Anne M. (2006). "Rev. of Cramer, Cash, Color, and Colonialism". Perspectives on Politics. 4 (1): 178–79.