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===External links=== |
===External links=== |
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*[http://www.vandemataram.com/biographies/patriots/shraddhanand.htm A biography of Swami Shraddhanand] Learn about Indian Civilization, Culture, Yoga, Ayurveda,History |
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*[http://www.indianpostagestamps.com/gallery/1970.html Postage stamp on Swami Shraddhanand by ''IndianPost''] in [[List of postage stamps of India#1970|1970]] |
*[http://www.indianpostagestamps.com/gallery/1970.html Postage stamp on Swami Shraddhanand by ''IndianPost''] in [[List of postage stamps of India#1970|1970]] |
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*[http://www.alislam.org/library/books/mna/chapter_3.html Murder in the Name of Allah] |
*[http://www.alislam.org/library/books/mna/chapter_3.html Murder in the Name of Allah] |
Revision as of 04:25, 27 March 2010
Swami Shraddhanand | |
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Born | |
Died | December 23, 1926 | (aged 70)
Swami Shraddhanand (1856-1926) was an Indian educationist and a Arya Samaj missionary who propagated the teachings of Swami Dayanand which included the establishment of educational institutions, like the Gurukul Kangri University, and played a key role on the Sangathan (consolidation) and the Shuddhi (re-conversion) a Hindu reform movement in 1920s.
His death at the hands of a Muslim fanatic caused religious strife in India.
Early life and education
जब मै पहाड़ से दीखने वाले महात्मा मुंशीराम जी के दर्शन करने और उनका गुरुकुल देखने गया , तो मुझे वहाँ बड़ी शांति मिली । हरिद्वार के कोलाहल और गुरुकुल की शांति के बीच का भेद स्पष्ट दिखायी देता था । महात्मा ने मुझे अपने प्रेम से नहला दिया । ब्रह्मचारी मेरे पास से हटते ही न थे । रामदेवजी से भी उसी समय मुलाकात हुई और उनकी शक्ति का परिचय मै तुरन्त पा गया । यद्यपि हमे अपने बीच कुछ मतभेद का अनुभव हुआ , फिर भी हम परस्पर स्नेह की गाँठ से बँध गये । गुरुकुल मे औद्योगिक शिक्षा शुरु करने की आवश्यकता के बारे मै रामदेव और दूसरे शिक्षकों के साथ मैने काफी चर्चा की । मुझे गुरुकुल छोड़ते हुए दुःख हुआ । -
--महात्मा गांधी, सत्य के प्रयोग, आत्मकथा (The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Autobiography of Mahatma Gandhi)[1]
He was born on 22 February 1856 in the village of Talwan in the Jalandhar District of the Punjab Province of India, and was the youngest in the family of Lala Nanak Chand, was a policeman in the East India Company administered United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh). His given name was Brihaspati, but later he was called Munshi Ram by his father, a name that stayed with him till he took Sanyas in 1917, variously as Lala Munshi Ram and Mahatma Munshi Ram.
His school education began at Varanasi and ended at Lahore. His father, His early education was interrupted because of his father's frequent transfer to different locations.
Career
Despite this handicap he started his career as a 'Naib-Tehsildar' and later had a successful career as a lawyer from 1885 to 1892, meanwhile his meeting with Swami Dayanand in 1882 gave a new direction to his life, and he immediately took to the cause of Arya Samaj [2]. In 1892, when Arya Samaj split into two factions over making Vedic education the main stay of the curriculum at the DAV College Lahore, he left the organization and formed Punjab Arya Samaj, and in 1902 established a Gurukul in Kangri near Haridwar which is now a recognized University known as Gurukul Kangri University. Previously in 1897, after the assassination of Lala Lekh Ram, he became his successor, and headed the 'Punjab Arya Pratinidhi Sabha', and started its monthly journal, Arya Musafir [3].
In 1915, upon his return from South Africa, M. K. Gandhi stayed at the university campus and met Swami Shraddhanand, it was during this visit that Swami Shraddhanand gave Gandhi, the title of Mahatma (great soul), after that he was best known around the world as Mahatama Gandhi to this day. [4].
In 1917, Swami Shraddhanand, till now know as Mahatma Munshiram took sanyas, left Gurukul to jump full- fledged into Hindu reform movements and the Indian Independence movement [2], working with Congress, which he invited to hold its session at Amritsar in 1919 when due to Jalianwala tragedy no one in the Congress Committe agreed to have a session at Amritsar. Swami shraddhanand presided that session at Amritsar. He joined the nationwide protest against the Rowlatt Act, in the same year, defiantly protested in front of a posse of Gurkha soldiers, at the Clock Tower in Chandni Chowk, after which he was allowed to proceed [2]. In early 1920s he emerged as important force in the Hindu Sangathan (consolidation) movement which was a by product of the now revitalized Hindu Maha Sabha [5]
Swami Shraddhanand was the only Hindu Sanyasi who addressed a huge Muslim gathering from the minarates of the main Jama Mosque, New Delhi, for national solidarity and Vedic Dharma starting his speech with the recitation of Ved Mantras.
He wrote on religious issues in both Hindi and Urdu. He published newspapers in the two languages as well. He promoted Hindi in the Devanagri script, helped the poor and promoted the education of women. By 1923, he left the social arena and plunged whole-heartedly into his earlier work of the shuddhi movement (re-conversion to Hinduism), which he turned into an important force within Hinduism [6] In late 1923, he became the president of Bhartiya Hindu Shuddhi Sabha, created with an aim to reconvert Muslims specially 'Malkana Rajputs' in western United Province, this antagonized the Muslims against him irrevocably and brought him in direct confrontation with Muslim clerics and leaders of the time [3][7], and on 23 December 1926 he was assassinated by a Muslim fanatic named [8] Abdul Rashid, who entered his home at Naya Bazar, Delhi, posing as a visitor. [9]. Upon his death, Gandhiji moved a condolence motion at the Guwahati session of the Congress on December 25, 1926 [10]
Today, the 'Swami Shraddhanand Kaksha' at the Archeological Museum, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar houses a photographic journey of his life [11]
Personal life
He married Shiwa Devi, but when he was only 35 years old she died and he was left with two sons and two daughters.
Bibliography
- The Arya Samaj and Its Detractors: A Vindication, Rama Deva. Published by s.n, 1910.
- Hindu Sangathan: Saviour of the Dying Race, Published by s.n., 1924.
- Inside Congress, by Swami Shraddhanand, Compiled by Purushottama Rāmacandra Lele. Published by Phoenix Publications, 1946.
- Kalyan Marg Ke Pathik (Autobiography:Hindi), New Delhi. n.d.
- Autobiography (English Translation), Edited by M. R. Jambunathan. Published by Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1961
Further reading
- Swami Shraddhanand, by Satyadev Vidyalankar, ed. by Indra Vidyavachaspati. Delhi, 1933.
- Swami Shraddhanand (Lala Munshi Ram), by Aryapathik Lekh Ram. Jallandhar. 2020 Vik.
- Swami Shraddhanand, by K.N. Kapur. Arya Pratinidhi Sabha, Jallandhar, 1978.
- Swami Shraddhanand: His Life and Causes, by J. T. F. Jordens. Published by Oxford University Press, 1981.
- Section Two:Swami Shraddhanand . Modern Indian Political Thought, by Vishwanath Prasad Varma. Published by Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, 1961. Page 447.
- Chapt XI: Swami Shraddhanand. Advanced Study in the History of Modern India : 1920-1947. by G. S. Chhabra. Published by Sterling Publishers, 1971. Page 211
- Pen-portraits and Tributes by Gandhiji: '(Sketches of eminent men and women by Mahatma Gandhi)', by Gandhi, U. S. Mohan Rao. Published by National Book Trust, India, 1969. Page 133
- Swami Shraddhanand - Indian freedom fighters: struggle for independence. Anmol Publishers, 1996. ISBN 81-7488-268-5.
- Telegram to Swami Shraddhanand, (October 2, 1919) - Collected Works, by Gandhi. Published by Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1958. v.16. 'Page 203.
References
- ^ Kumbh Mela 1915 The Story of My Experiments with Truth/Part V/Lakshman Jhula.
- ^ a b c Some Indian Personalities of the Time: Swami Shraddhanand Advanced Study in the History of Modern India, by G.S. Chhatra. Lotus Press. 2007. ISBN 81-89093-08-8.Page 227.
- ^ a b Controversy Hindu-Muslim Relations in British India: A Study of Controversy, Conflict, and Communal Movements in Northern India 1923-1928, by G. R. Thursby. Published by BRILL, 1975. ISBN 90-04-04380-2. Page 15.
- ^ 'Lage raho' maker in the eye of a storm Times of India, Nov 10, 2006.
- ^ Shraddhanand Hindu Nationalism: Origins, Ideologies and Modern Myths, by Chetan Bhatt. Published by Berg Publishers, 2001. ISBN 1-85973-348-4. Page 62.
- ^ Shuddhi Movement in India: A Study of Its Socio-political Dimensions, by R. K. Ghai. Published by Commonwealth Publishers, 1990. Page 43.
- ^ Socio-Religious Reform Movements in British India: Socio-Religious Reform Movements in British India, Volume Iii-1, by Kenneth W. Jones. Published by Cambridge University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-521-24986-4. Page 194.
- ^ the murder of the ailing Swami Shraddhanand.. Organiser, Vol. L, No. 34. March 21, 1999.
- ^ December 23rd is the Shardanand Balidhan Divas Arya Samaj.
- ^ Indian National Congress: A Descriptive Bibliography of India's Struggle for Freedom, by Jagdish Saran Sharma. Published by S. Chand, 1959. Page 502.
- ^ Archaeological Museum Gurukul Kangri University
- "SWAMI SHRADDHANAND : A MARTYR MAHATMA". Retrieved 2007-10-08.
External links
- A biography of Swami Shraddhanand Learn about Indian Civilization, Culture, Yoga, Ayurveda,History
- Postage stamp on Swami Shraddhanand by IndianPost in 1970
- Murder in the Name of Allah