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'''C. N. Annadurai''' ({{lang-ta|அண்ணாதுரை}}) (1909 to 1969), popularly called '''Anna''' (which means elder brother in [[Tamil language]]) was the first non [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] after independence. He was also an accomplished writer and even before his entry into politics his penmanship and [[oratory|oratorial]] style had captivated many audiences. |
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Namakkal Kavignar V. Ramalingam Pillai, popularly known as Namakkal Kavignar, was born on 19th October, 1888 at Mohanur, a small hamlet on the banks of Cavvery river in Salem District. His father was a head constable of Mohanur and his mother was a pious lady from Salem. The family had seven daughter before Ramalingam was born. He was, therefore, regarded as a gift of God. Ramalngam had his primary education at Namakal in Tamil Nadu, and high school education at a mission school at Coimbatore. He did his FA in 1909, from Bishop Heber College at Tiruchirapalli. His father desired Ramalingam to become a sub-inspector and later forced him into the jobs of a clerk, at the Namakkal Tahasildar's office, and of a school teacher both of which Ramalingam disliked. He subsequently took up his profession of portrait painter and photographer in which he excelled and his lifelike portraits of the wealthy chettiars of Chettinad. In the 1911 Delhi Darbar, Ramalingam presented his portraits of King George V and the Queen and was honoured with a gold medal. Inspired by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Aurobindo, Ramalingam entered plitics as an extremist but later become an ardent follower of Mahatma Gandhi. As a boy, he had a taste for poetry and wrote songs for operas. During the freedom struggle, he not only became a veteran Congress Leadeer of Namakkal and Trichy during 1920's, but also wrote a hundred poems with patriotic favour named 'Nathu Kummi'. During the 1930 Salt Satyagraha, the Satyagrahis led by Shri Rajagopalachari marched from Tiruchi to Vedaranyam, singing a song composed by Ramalingam. The song won him fame as a patriotic, Gandhian poet. In 1932, he was jailed for one year for his participation in the Salt Satyagraha. Ramalingam also wrote novels, the more prominent of which, titled 'Malaikallan' was filmed in five languages and won the Prsident's medal in 1954. His commentary on 'Thirukkural' is regarded as his magnum opus. He composed more than 500 poems of which a vast majority reflected the ideas of Gandhiji - Ahimsa, Satya, Satyagraha, rural idustries, removal of untouchability and the equality of the sexes. For his literary contributions, Madras Government nomnaed him as Poet Laureate or 'Asthana Kavignar' in 1949. In 1953, he was nominated to the Sahitya Akademi. In 1956 and 1962, Namakkal Kavignar was nominated as MLC by the Madras Government. The Government of India awarded him the "Padmabhushan" in 1971. Towards the fag end of his life, he was almost croppled by an attack of rheumatism. He died of a heart attack on 24th August, 1972. |
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==Early life== |
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Annadurai was born on [[15 September]], [[1909]] in the town of [[Kancheepuram]] (formerly known as Conjeevaram). Their family migrated during the times of Vijayanagar dynasty. Natarajan was his father and Bangaru Ammal was his mother, though he was raised by his sister Rajamani. After attending Pachaiyappa's High School, he worked as a clerk in the town's Municipal office. In 1934, he graduated with a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] degree (Hons) from [[Pachaiyappa's College]] in [[Chennai]]. He followed that up with a [[Master of Arts (postgraduate)|M.A]] degree in [[Economics]] and [[Politics]] from the same college. After having been employed as a professor for a short period of time, he began involving himself in journalism and politics.<ref>[http://www.vandemataram.com/biographies/patriots/annadurai.htm Vandemataram.com - Patriots<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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==Entry into politics== |
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{{Dravidian parties}} |
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{{Expand|date=August 2008}} |
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==Term in Office== |
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The actual term of Annadurai in office was amongst the shortest ever in Tamil Nadu. From 1967 until his death in 1969, he was seen as the change that many people needed to improve the worsening condition. However the inflation could not be effectively controlled despite his best efforts{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. But his work in enhancing and uplifting the lower classes through [[welfare scheme]]s started to improve the social scene{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. He also renamed the Madras State to its current name Tamil Nadu. He was able to gain more power for the south from the Centre and sought greater autonomy for the states in the union. His tenure was however cut short by [[oral cancer]] as he had the habit of inhaling snuff [[tobacco]]. Despite treatments in [[United States|U.S.]] he died on midnight [[February 2]], [[1969]] just two years after becoming the Chief Minister. His death shocked many in Tamil Nadu who had become fond of Anna and an estimated 15 million people attended his [[funeral]], the most for anyone in the world.<ref>Guinness Book Records, 1986 UK edition, ''Religions, accidents and disasters'', p.219. Largest funeral : The funeral of the charismatic CN Annadurai (died [[3 February]] [[1969]]), Madras chief minister, was, according to a police estimate, attended by 15 million people (which was a Guiness book record till recently).</ref> |
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==Literary contributions== |
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Throughout his public life, he was publishing literary works and was involved in political journalism. In 1942 he started the Tamil weekly, 'Dravida Nadu'. In 1957 and later in 1966 he started the English weeklies 'Homeland' and 'Home Rule' respectively, though both didn't do too well. He returned to his forte of Tamil short stories and [[Play (theatre)|plays]]. Among his works are the [[novel]]s "Or Iravu" (One Night) and "Velaikkari" (Servant-maid), which were later made to movies. Most of his stories revolved around social causes like exploitation of women or weaker classes. Some of the books were also controversial, like "Arya Mayai" (Aryan Illusion) where he scathingly attacks the [[Brahmin]]/Aryan combine and portrays them in poor light. He also wrote Kambarasam, a highly controversial work that attacked the Kambaramayanam in an indelicate fashion. These plays, books and stage speeches enhanced Anna's visibility. Under Anna's dynamic leadership, The DMK gained a sizeable number of seats in 1957 in the state assembly elections and ultimately forming the government a decade later. |
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* [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5180/anna.html Complete list of Annadurai's works] |
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==Legacy== |
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{{Fansite|date=September 2008}} |
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He is credited with infusing new spirit into the [[Self-respect movement|Dravidian movement]] and providing a vocal voice from the south{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. His influence was so powerful that his work on Tamil importance ensured that to this day Tamil Nadu remains one of the few states where, Hindi is not a compulsory language in schools. His political victory was the first of sorts including being the first regional party in any major state in India to serve the full term breaking the monotony{{Fact|date=April 2007}} of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] rule. Furthermore after Congress' defeat in 1967, they were never again able to form the government in the state and were relegated to the background following further dravidian parties like the [[DMK]]. Mr. M. Karunanidhi succeeded him. He is also credited with early adoption of populist welfare schemes that continue to this day creating a culture of government dependence for millions of people. |
Revision as of 12:09, 15 December 2008
C. N. Annadurai (Tamil: அண்ணாதுரை) (1909 to 1969), popularly called Anna (which means elder brother in Tamil language) was the first non Congress Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, India after independence. He was also an accomplished writer and even before his entry into politics his penmanship and oratorial style had captivated many audiences.
Early life
Annadurai was born on 15 September, 1909 in the town of Kancheepuram (formerly known as Conjeevaram). Their family migrated during the times of Vijayanagar dynasty. Natarajan was his father and Bangaru Ammal was his mother, though he was raised by his sister Rajamani. After attending Pachaiyappa's High School, he worked as a clerk in the town's Municipal office. In 1934, he graduated with a B.A. degree (Hons) from Pachaiyappa's College in Chennai. He followed that up with a M.A degree in Economics and Politics from the same college. After having been employed as a professor for a short period of time, he began involving himself in journalism and politics.[1]
Entry into politics
Term in Office
The actual term of Annadurai in office was amongst the shortest ever in Tamil Nadu. From 1967 until his death in 1969, he was seen as the change that many people needed to improve the worsening condition. However the inflation could not be effectively controlled despite his best efforts[citation needed]. But his work in enhancing and uplifting the lower classes through welfare schemes started to improve the social scene[citation needed]. He also renamed the Madras State to its current name Tamil Nadu. He was able to gain more power for the south from the Centre and sought greater autonomy for the states in the union. His tenure was however cut short by oral cancer as he had the habit of inhaling snuff tobacco. Despite treatments in U.S. he died on midnight February 2, 1969 just two years after becoming the Chief Minister. His death shocked many in Tamil Nadu who had become fond of Anna and an estimated 15 million people attended his funeral, the most for anyone in the world.[2]
Literary contributions
Throughout his public life, he was publishing literary works and was involved in political journalism. In 1942 he started the Tamil weekly, 'Dravida Nadu'. In 1957 and later in 1966 he started the English weeklies 'Homeland' and 'Home Rule' respectively, though both didn't do too well. He returned to his forte of Tamil short stories and plays. Among his works are the novels "Or Iravu" (One Night) and "Velaikkari" (Servant-maid), which were later made to movies. Most of his stories revolved around social causes like exploitation of women or weaker classes. Some of the books were also controversial, like "Arya Mayai" (Aryan Illusion) where he scathingly attacks the Brahmin/Aryan combine and portrays them in poor light. He also wrote Kambarasam, a highly controversial work that attacked the Kambaramayanam in an indelicate fashion. These plays, books and stage speeches enhanced Anna's visibility. Under Anna's dynamic leadership, The DMK gained a sizeable number of seats in 1957 in the state assembly elections and ultimately forming the government a decade later.
Legacy
He is credited with infusing new spirit into the Dravidian movement and providing a vocal voice from the south[citation needed]. His influence was so powerful that his work on Tamil importance ensured that to this day Tamil Nadu remains one of the few states where, Hindi is not a compulsory language in schools. His political victory was the first of sorts including being the first regional party in any major state in India to serve the full term breaking the monotony[citation needed] of Congress rule. Furthermore after Congress' defeat in 1967, they were never again able to form the government in the state and were relegated to the background following further dravidian parties like the DMK. Mr. M. Karunanidhi succeeded him. He is also credited with early adoption of populist welfare schemes that continue to this day creating a culture of government dependence for millions of people.
- ^ Vandemataram.com - Patriots
- ^ Guinness Book Records, 1986 UK edition, Religions, accidents and disasters, p.219. Largest funeral : The funeral of the charismatic CN Annadurai (died 3 February 1969), Madras chief minister, was, according to a police estimate, attended by 15 million people (which was a Guiness book record till recently).