Introduction
Welcome to the Portal:California. Such a lovely place.
California
State of California
Map of the United States with California highlighted
California ( KAL -ih-FORN -yə, -FOR -nee-ə ) is a state in the Western United States , lying on the American Pacific Coast . It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south. With over 38.9 million residents across a total area of approximately 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2 ), it is the most populous U.S. state, the third-largest U.S. state by area, and the most populated subnational entity in North America .
The Greater Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay areas in California are the nation's second and fifth-most populous urban regions respectively. Greater Los Angeles has over 18.7 million residents and the San Francisco Bay Area has over 9.6 million residents. Los Angeles is the state's most populous city and the nation's second-most populous city . San Francisco is the second-most densely populated major city in the country. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous county , and San Bernardino County is the nation's largest county by area . Sacramento is the state's capital city .
Prior to European colonization , California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America , and the indigenous peoples of California constituted the highest Native American population density north of what is now Mexico . European exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries led to the colonization of California by the Spanish Empire . In 1804, it was included in Alta California province within the Viceroyalty of New Spain . The area became a part of Mexico in 1821, following its successful war for independence , but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican–American War . The California Gold Rush started in 1848 and led to dramatic social and demographic changes, including the depopulation of indigenous peoples in the California genocide . The western portion of Alta California was then organized and admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850 , as a free state , following the Compromise of 1850 . (Full article... )
Old Kellogg stable at Cal Poly Pomona
The
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona , commonly known as
Cal Poly Pomona is a public, nationally-ranked, coeducational university, and one of the 23 general campuses of the
California State University system. The main campus sits on 1,438 acres (582 ha) of a suburban district in the western corner of
Pomona, California a city within
Los Angeles County . This figure includes a 53 acre ranch in
Santa Paula, California donated in 1978. Founded in 1938 as the Voorhis Unit , Cal Poly Pomona is known for taking a learn-by-doing philosophy in several areas of the educational spectrum.
As a polytechnic university , Cal Poly Pomona maintains strong science and engineering departments. The university's engineering program . Cal Poly Pomona is a member of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) and a "University of Excellence" according to the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges . (Full article... )
The following are images from various California-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1 Depiction of the revolt of the
Mission Indians against padre
Luis Jayme at
Mission San Diego de Alcalá in 1775. (from
History of California )
Image 2 Angustias de la Guerra played a crucial role in defending
women's property rights during the drafting of the Constitution of California. (from
History of California )
Image 5 "Independent Gold Hunter on His Way to California", c. 1850 (from
History of California )
Image 8 San Francisco harbor,
c. 1850 –51. (from
History of California )
Image 9 Joaquín Murrieta , called the "
Robin Hood of California", was a notorious
outlaw during the
California Gold Rush . He served as inspiration for
Zorro , the famed Californian bandit-hero character. (from
History of California )
Image 10 The 1835
Manifiesto a la República Mejicana , by
José Figueroa , was the first book published in California (from
Culture of California )
Image 11 Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo , established in 1770, was the headquarters of the
Californian mission system from 1797 until 1833. (from
History of California )
Image 13 The American capture of
San Diego by the
USS Cyane in 1846 (from
History of California )
Image 14 Map of Spain's
Manila galleon trade routes, showing routes between the
Spanish East Indies and
Acapulco passing along the
coast of California . (from
History of California )
Image 15 Advertisement for sailing to California, c. 1850. (from
History of California )
Image 16 Map of the
Butterfield Overland Mail routes through California, c. 1858. (from
History of California )
Image 17 The
Treaty of Cahuenga , signed at the
Campo de Cahuenga in 1847 by Californio general
Andrés Pico and American general
John C. Frémont , proclaimed a ceasefire under an American victory. The
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , signed a year later in 1848, officially ended the
Mexican–American War and formally ceded
Alta California to the United States. (from
History of California )
Image 19 Mission Santa Barbara , founded in 1786, was the first mission to be established by
Fermín de Lasuén . (from
History of California )
Image 22 Founded by
Vicente Francisco de Sarría in 1817,
Mission San Rafael Arcángel , was the last mission founded during the Spanish period. (from
History of California )
Image 26 California was often depicted as an island , due to the
Baja California peninsula , from the 16th to the 18th centuries, such as in this 1650 map by cartographer
Johannes Vingboons . (from
History of California )
Image 28 Francis Drake 's 1579 landing in "
New Albion " (modern-day
Point Reyes ); engraving by
Theodor De Bry , 1590. (from
History of California )
Image 29 Mission San Gabriel Arcángel , founded in 1771 by padres Pedro Benito Cambón and Ángel de la Somera. (from
History of California )
Image 30 In-N-Out burgers (from
Culture of California )
Image 31 Between 1846 and 1873, U.S. government agents waged an extermination campaign against
Indigenous Californians , known as the
California genocide , resulting in as many as 100,000 deaths. (from
History of California )
Image 36 Forces raising the U.S. flag over the
Monterey Customhouse following their victory at the
Battle of Monterey (from
History of California )
Image 37 California's first State Capitol building in
San Jose , which served as the capital of California 1850–51. (from
History of California )
Image 40 Depiction of the
Donner Party heading west on the
California Trail . (from
History of California )
Image 41 Mission San Francisco Solano , founded in 1823 by order of Governor
Luis Antonio Argüello , was the last Californian mission established. (from
History of California )
Image 42 Portrait of a
Californio in traditional
vaquero clothing. Californios benefitted immensely by the establishment of the
ranchos of California , following the
Mexican secularization act of 1833 . (from
History of California )
Image 44 The 1562 map of the Americas, created by Spanish cartographer
Diego Gutiérrez , which applied
the name California for the first time. (from
History of California )
Image 47 General
Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo reviewing his troops in
Sonoma in 1846. (from
History of California )
Image 48 The
University of California, Berkeley is the flagship school of the University of California system. (from
Culture of California )
Image 49 Junípero Serra conducting the first
mass in
Monterey Bay in 1770. (from
History of California )
Image 50 Portrait of an "
assimilated "
Maidu man in
Sacramento , 1867. (from
History of California )
Image 53 A Southern Pacific Train at
Arcade Depot , Los Angeles, 1891 (from
History of California )
Image 55 Map of the route taken by the
Anza Expedition of 1775–76, from the
Presidio of Tubac to
San Francisco Bay . (from
History of California )
Image 57 The railway station in
Sacramento in 1874. (from
History of California )
Image 58 The Spanish founded
Mission San Juan Capistrano in 1776, the third to be established of the
Californian missions . (from
History of California )
There is science, logic, reason; there is thought verified by experience. And then there is California.
Image 1 Jack Leonard Warner (born
Jacob Warner ; August 2, 1892 – September 9, 1978) was a Canadian-American film executive, who was the president and driving force behind the
Warner Bros. Studios in
Burbank ,
California . Warner's career spanned over 55 years, surpassing that of any other of the seminal
Hollywood studio moguls.
As co-head of production at Warner Bros. Studios, Warner worked with his brother,
Sam Warner , to procure the technology for the film industry's first talking picture,
The Jazz Singer (1927). After Sam's death, Jack clashed with his surviving older brothers,
Harry and
Albert Warner . He assumed exclusive control of the company in the 1950s when he secretly purchased his brothers's shares in the business after convincing them to participate in a joint sale of stocks. (
Full article... )
Image 2 Calvin Cordozar Broadus Jr. (; born October 20, 1971), known professionally as
Snoop Dogg (previously
Snoop Doggy Dogg and briefly
Snoop Lion ), is an American rapper. His initial fame dates back to 1992 following his guest appearance on
Dr. Dre 's debut solo single, "
Deep Cover ", and later on Dre's debut album,
The Chronic that same year. Broadus has since sold over 23 million albums in the United States, and 35 million albums worldwide.
His accolades include an
American Music Award , a
Primetime Emmy Award , and 17
Grammy Award nominations.
Produced entirely by Dr. Dre, Broadus' debut studio album,
Doggystyle (1993) was released by
Death Row Records and debuted atop the
Billboard 200. Selling 800,000 copies in its first week, the album received
quadruple platinum certification by the
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) the following year and spawned the
Billboard Hot 100-top ten singles "
What's My Name? " and "
Gin and Juice ". He was the lead performer on Death Row's
soundtrack album for the 1994 short film
Murder Was the Case , wherein Broadus made his acting debut. His second album,
Tha Doggfather (1996) likewise debuted atop the chart and received double platinum certification. In 1998, he parted ways with Death Row in favor of
Master P 's
No Limit Records , through which he saw largely continued success with his albums
Da Game Is to Be Sold, Not to Be Told (1998),
No Limit Top Dogg (1999), and
Tha Last Meal (2000). He then signed with
Priority ,
Capitol , and
EMI Records to release his sixth album
Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss (2002), which was further commercially-oriented. This effectively continued upon him signing with
Geffen Records to release his next three albums:
R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta): The Masterpiece (2004),
Tha Blue Carpet Treatment (2006), and
Ego Trippin' (2008); the former spawned the single "
Drop It Like It's Hot " (featuring
Pharrell ), which became his first to peak atop the
Billboard Hot 100. He then returned to Priority and Capitol—upon his hiring as chairman of the former label—to release his tenth and eleventh albums,
Malice 'n Wonderland (2009) and
Doggumentary (2011), both of which saw mild critical and commercial response. (
Full article... )
Image 3 John Whiteside Parsons (born
Marvel Whiteside Parsons ; October 2, 1914 – June 17, 1952) was an American
rocket engineer ,
chemist , and
Thelemite occultist . Associated with the
California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Parsons was one of the principal founders of both the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the
Aerojet Engineering Corporation . He invented the first
rocket engine to use a
castable ,
composite rocket propellant , and pioneered the advancement of both
liquid-fuel and
solid-fuel rockets.
Born in Los Angeles, Parsons was raised by a wealthy family on
Orange Grove Boulevard in Pasadena, California. Inspired by
science fiction literature , he developed an interest in rocketry in his childhood and in 1928 began
amateur rocket experiments with school friend
Edward Forman . He dropped out of
Pasadena Junior College and
Stanford University due to financial difficulties during the
Great Depression , and in 1934 he united with Forman and graduate
Frank Malina to form the Caltech-affiliated
Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory (GALCIT) Rocket Research Group, supported by GALCIT chairman
Theodore von Kármán . In 1939 the GALCIT Group gained funding from the
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to work on
Jet-Assisted Take Off (JATO) for the U.S. military. After the U.S. entered World War II, they founded Aerojet in 1942 to develop and sell JATO technology; the GALCIT Group became JPL in 1943. (
Full article... )
Image 4 Sharon Marie Tate Polanski (January 24, 1943 – August 9, 1969) was an American actress and model. During the 1960s, she appeared in advertisements and small television roles before appearing in films as well as working as a model. After receiving positive reviews for her comedic and dramatic acting performances, Tate was hailed as one of Hollywood's most promising newcomers, being compared favorably with the late Marilyn Monroe.
She made her film debut in 1961 as an extra in
Barabbas with
Anthony Quinn . She next appeared in the British mystery horror film
Eye of the Devil (1966). Her first major role was as Jennifer North in the 1967 American drama film
Valley of the Dolls , which earned her a
Golden Globe Award nomination. The role would help her to become a rising
sex symbol of Hollywood, appearing in a
Playboy photoshoot where she would be shot by filmmaker
Roman Polanski , Tate's future husband. That year, she also performed in the comedy horror film
The Fearless Vampire Killers , directed by Roman Polanski. Tate's last completed film,
12+1 , was released posthumously in 1969. (
Full article... )
Image 5 The
GNU Free Documentation License (
GNU FDL or simply
GFDL ) is a
copyleft license for free documentation, designed by the
Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the
GNU Project . It is similar to the
GNU General Public License , giving readers the rights to copy, redistribute, and modify (except for "invariant sections") a work and requires all copies and derivatives to be available under the same license. Copies may also be sold commercially, but, if produced in larger quantities (greater than 100), the original document or source code must be made available to the work's recipient.
The GFDL was designed for
manuals , textbooks, other reference and instructional materials, and documentation which often accompanies GNU software. However, it can be used for any text-based work, regardless of subject matter. For example, the free online encyclopedia
Wikipedia uses the GFDL (coupled with the
Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike License ) for much of its text, excluding text that was imported from other sources after the 2009 licensing update that is only available under the Creative Commons license. (
Full article... )
Image 7 Andre Romell Young (born February 18, 1965), known professionally as
Dr. Dre , is an American rapper and record producer. He is the founder and
CEO of
Aftermath Entertainment and
Beats Electronics , and co-founded and was the president of
Death Row Records . Dre began his career as a member of the
World Class Wreckin' Cru in 1985, and later found fame with the
gangsta rap group
N.W.A . The group popularized explicit lyrics in
hip hop to detail the violence of street life. During the early 1990s, Dre was credited as a key figure in the crafting and popularization of
West Coast G-funk , a subgenre of hip hop characterized by a
synthesizer foundation and slow, heavy production.
Released as Death Row's first major project, Dr. Dre's solo debut studio album,
The Chronic (1992) made him one of the best-selling American music artists of 1993. It earned him a
Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance with the single "
Let Me Ride ", as well as several accolades for the single "
Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang " (featuring Snoop Dogg). That year, he produced Death Row labelmate
Snoop Doggy Dogg 's debut album
Doggystyle , and mentored producers such as his stepbrother
Warren G (leading to the multi-platinum debut
Regulate... G Funk Era in 1994) and Snoop Dogg's cousin
Daz Dillinger (leading to the double-platinum debut
Dogg Food by
Tha Dogg Pound in 1995), as he would mentor other producers including
Mel-Man and
Scott Storch . In 1996, Dre left Death Row Records to establish his own label, Aftermath Entertainment; his compilation album,
Dr. Dre Presents: The Aftermath (1996) and second studio album,
2001 (1999) followed thereafter. (
Full article... )
Image 8 Glenn Theodore Seaborg (
SEE -borg; April 19, 1912 – February 25, 1999) was an American chemist whose involvement in the
synthesis , discovery and investigation of ten
transuranium elements earned him a share of the 1951
Nobel Prize in Chemistry . His work in this area also led to his development of the
actinide concept and the arrangement of the
actinide series in the
periodic table of the elements .
Seaborg spent most of his career as an educator and research scientist at the
University of California, Berkeley , serving as a professor, and, between 1958 and 1961, as the university's second chancellor. He advised ten US presidents—from
Harry S. Truman to
Bill Clinton —on nuclear policy and was Chairman of the
United States Atomic Energy Commission from 1961 to 1971, where he pushed for commercial
nuclear energy and the peaceful applications of nuclear science. Throughout his career, Seaborg worked for arms control. He was a signatory to the
Franck Report and contributed to the
Limited Test Ban Treaty , the
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty . He was a well-known advocate of science education and federal funding for pure research. Toward the end of the
Eisenhower administration , he was the principal author of the Seaborg Report on academic science, and, as a member of President
Ronald Reagan 's
National Commission on Excellence in Education , he was a key contributor to its 1983 report "
A Nation at Risk ". (
Full article... )
Image 11 Candice Patricia Bergen (born May 9, 1946) is an American actress. She won five
Primetime Emmy Awards and two
Golden Globe Awards for her portrayal of the title character on the
CBS sitcom
Murphy Brown (1988–1998, 2018). She is also known for her role as
Shirley Schmidt on the
ABC drama
Boston Legal (2005–2008). In films, Bergen was nominated for the
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for
Starting Over (1979) and for the
BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for
Gandhi (1982).
Bergen began her career as a fashion model and appeared on the cover of
Vogue before she made her screen debut in the film
The Group (1966). She starred in
The Sand Pebbles (1966),
Soldier Blue (1970),
Carnal Knowledge (1971), and
The Wind and the Lion (1975). She made her
Broadway debut in the 1984 play
Hurlyburly and starred in the revivals of
The Best Man (2012) and
Love Letters (2014). From 2002 to 2004, she appeared in three episodes of the
HBO series
Sex and the City . Her other film roles include
Miss Congeniality (2000),
Sweet Home Alabama (2002),
The Women (2008),
Bride Wars (2009),
Book Club (2018) and
Let Them All Talk (2020). (
Full article... )
Image 12 Nancy Patricia Pelosi (
pə-LOH -see ;
née D'Alesandro ; born March 26, 1940) is an American politician who served as the
52nd speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011 and again from 2019 to 2023. A member of the
Democratic Party , she was the first woman elected as U.S. House Speaker and the first woman to lead a major political party in either chamber of
Congress , leading the
House Democrats from 2003 to 2023. A member of the House since 1987, Pelosi currently represents
California's 11th congressional district , which includes most of
San Francisco . She is the dean of
California's congressional delegation .
Pelosi was born and raised in
Baltimore , and is the daughter of mayor and congressman
Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. She graduated from
Trinity College, Washington in 1962 and married businessman
Paul Pelosi the next year; the two had met while both were students. They moved to New York City before settling down in San Francisco with their children. Focused on raising her family, Pelosi stepped into politics as a volunteer for the Democratic Party in the 1960s. After years of party work, she was first elected to Congress in a
1987 special election and is now in her 19th term; she is the dean of
California's congressional delegation . Pelosi steadily rose through the ranks of the House Democratic Caucus to be elected
House minority whip in 2001 and elevated to
House minority leader a year later, becoming the first woman to hold each of those positions in either chamber of Congress. (
Full article... )
Image 13 Ronald Wilson Reagan (
RAY -gən; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th
president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the
Republican Party ,
his presidency constituted the
Reagan era , and he is considered one of the most prominent
conservative figures in American history.
Reagan graduated from
Eureka College in 1932 and began to work as a
sports broadcaster in
Iowa . In 1937, he moved to California, and became a well-known film actor there. From 1947 to 1952, Reagan served as the president of the
Screen Actors Guild . During the 1950s, he worked in television and spoke for
General Electric . From 1959 to 1960, he again served as the Screen Actors Guild's president. In 1964, his "
A Time for Choosing " speech gave Reagan attention as a new conservative figure. He was
elected governor of California in 1966 . During
his governorship , he raised
taxes , turned the state budget deficit into a surplus, and cracked down harshly on university protests. After challenging and losing to incumbent president
Gerald Ford in the
1976 Republican presidential primaries , Reagan
won the Republican nomination and then a
landslide victory over incumbent
Democratic president
Jimmy Carter in the
1980 presidential election . (
Full article... )
Image 14 Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as
Katy Perry , is an American singer, songwriter, and television personality. She is known for her influence on modern
pop music and her
camp style, being dubbed the "
Queen of Camp " by
Vogue and
Rolling Stone . At 16, Perry released a
gospel record titled
Katy Hudson (2001) under
Red Hill Records , which was commercially unsuccessful. She moved to Los Angeles at 17 to venture into
secular music, and later adopted the stage name "Katy Perry" from her mother's maiden name. She recorded an album while signed to
Columbia Records , but was dropped before signing to
Capitol Records .
Perry rose to fame with
One of the Boys (2008), a
pop rock record containing her debut single "
I Kissed a Girl " and follow-up single "
Hot n Cold ", which reached number one and three on the U.S.
Billboard Hot 100 respectively. The
disco -influenced pop album
Teenage Dream (2010) spawned five U.S. number one singles—"
California Gurls ", "
Teenage Dream ", "
Firework ", "
E.T. ", and "
Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.) "— the only album by a female singer to do so. A reissue of the album titled
Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection (2012) subsequently produced the U.S. number one single "
Part of Me ". Her empowerment-themed album
Prism (2013) had two U.S. number one singles, "
Roar " and "
Dark Horse ". Both their respective music videos made Perry the first artist to have multiple videos reach one billion views on
Vevo and
YouTube . The
electropop album
Witness (2017) featured themes of feminism and a political subtext, while
Smile (2020) was influenced by motherhood and her mental health journey. Afterwards, she embarked on her Las Vegas
concert residency titled
Play (2021–2023), receiving critical acclaim and commercial success. (
Full article... )
Image 15 Stefani performing with
No Doubt in 2015
Gwen Renée Stefani (
stə-FAH -nee ; born October 3, 1969) is an American singer and songwriter. She is a co-founder, lead vocalist, and the primary songwriter of the band
No Doubt , whose singles include "
Just a Girl ", "
Spiderwebs ", and "
Don't Speak ", from their 1995 breakthrough studio album
Tragic Kingdom , as well as "
Hey Baby " and "
It's My Life " from later albums.
During the band's hiatus, Stefani embarked on a solo
pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album
Love. Angel. Music. Baby. Inspired by pop music from the 1980s, the album was a critical and commercial success. It spawned six singles, including "
What You Waiting For? ", "
Rich Girl ", "
Hollaback Girl ", and "
Cool ". "Hollaback Girl" reached number one on the
Billboard Hot 100 chart while also becoming the first US download to sell one million copies. In 2006, Stefani released her second studio album,
The Sweet Escape . Among the singles were "
Wind It Up " and "
The Sweet Escape ", the latter of which was number three on the
Billboard Hot 100 year-end chart of 2007. Her third solo album,
This Is What the Truth Feels Like (2016), was her first solo album to reach number one on the
Billboard 200 chart. Her fourth solo album and first full-length
Christmas album,
You Make It Feel Like Christmas , was released in 2017 and charted 19 tracks on
Billboard ' s
Holiday Digital Song Sales component chart in the United States. Stefani has released several singles with husband
Blake Shelton , including "
Nobody but You " (2020), which reached number 18 in the US. (
Full article... )
The front of the Hollywood mecca Credit: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division/Carol M. Highsmith Mann's (formerly Grauman's) Chinese Theatre is the ultimate Hollyood tourist attraction, with crowds often jamming the patio to inspect handprints of movie stars. The opening of Grauman's in 1927 was the most spectacular theater opening in film history, 7 April 2005
The northern area of Lake Irvine
Lake Irvine (known in Orange County as Irvine Lake) is a reservoir in Orange County , California . The lake is located northeast of the city of Irvine close to Irvine Regional Park. The lake is formed by the Santiago Dam at its north end, which was built between 1929 and 1931, and the lake was originally called the Santiago Reservoir .
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State facts
Nicknames: The Golden State
Capital: Sacramento
Total area: 163,696 mi2
Land: 156,002 mi2
Water: 7,694 mi2
Highest elevation: 14,505 ft (Mount Whitney )
Population 39,250,017 (2016 est)
Admission to the Union: September 9, 1850 (31st )
State symbols:
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